Systematic Design of Mechanical Devices

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben W. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Design ◽  
Type Synthesis ◽  
Usual Definition ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanical Devices

Abstract Structural analysis and type synthesis (joint substitution) is a prerequisite for the systematic development of mechanisms. However, the design of mechanical devices requires first a consideration of whether there is a fixed member or not (as by hand-held devices) and then a differentiation between at least two input and two output members (links). The subject of hand-held tools requires an expanded (and correct) definition of a mechanism because no link is fixed (although they are mechanisms in the true sense of the word). Open as well as combined open and closed kinematic chains must be included in the definition of mechanisms. This approach leads to the creation of new devices that cannot be obtained with known methods. This approach also allows a closer look at existing devices. The intuitive approach, even for one who is very familiar with linkage mechanisms, will in general not lead to the goal of choosing the input and output links in an optimal way. The development requires an overhaul of the usual definition of a mechanism.

scholarly journals Land dispute as an object of arbitration process

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
M. A. Magomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, there is no concept of a land dispute, which causes difficulties in determining the competence of an arbitration court in cases in which the object of the dispute is land. The article analyzes the general legal concept of a dispute and the sectoral concept of a land dispute developed by scientists. The author identified the characteristic features of a land dispute and its structural elements. The work reveals the influence of the structural elements of the land dispute on the type of production in which the dispute will be considered. In addition, the author concludes that the correct definition of the structural elements of the land dispute enables the arbitration court to determine the appropriate persons participating in the case, the subject of proof, the relevance and admissibility of evidence, and ultimately make a lawful and wellgrounded court decision.

scholarly journals Theoretical Review of Entrepreneur and Social Entrepreneurship Concepts.

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
María Dolores Martínez García ◽  
José María Moreno Meneses ◽  
Karina Valencia Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

This article includes a theoretical review of Social Entrepreneurship (SE) due to the gradual increase in the need for new businesses, but also for solutions to social and environmental problems. First, a brief introduction is given explaining why it is important today to have a correct definition of ES. Additionally, the concept of entrepreneur and its different types are defined to create a context and thus be able to talk about the subject. Likewise, a literature review is carried out to achieve a better understanding of an avant-garde concept such as this type of entrepreneurship. Finally, the article concludes with the most important points covered throughout the writing, in addition to a definition of entrepreneur and social entrepreneurship made after analyzing the information found.

scholarly journals Pitch as a business PR-text: Communicative and pragmatic aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286
Author(s):  
Liudmila V. Balakhonskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Tool ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Goal Functions ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses pitching as a communication technology and a pitch as a business PRtext. For a more complete and correct definition of the concepts of a pitch and pitching, the semantics of the multi-valued pitch lexeme underlying them are analyzed. The types of pitching are described by the field of activity, by the intended purpose and by the time of the presentation. The subject of the study was the textual features of the investment pitch as a PR communication tool. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the structural and content components of the investment pitch in the communicative and pragmatic aspect, including the characteristics of the addresser, addressee, object, goal, functions, etc. The material for the study was selected using the method of random sampling of 28 video recordings of pitch presentations presented on the foreign TV shows Shark Tank and Dragons’ Den, posted on the social network YouTube. The analysis of the material showed that the text of the pitch is based on the principle of combining standard and expression, noted by V. G. Kostomarov, in relation to the language of the newspaper. The tendency towards standardization is manifested in the typical structure of the pitch, the tendency towards expressiveness — in the use of certain verbal and paraverbal means, with the help of which the addresser seeks to express a subjective attitude not only to the content of speech, but also to the addressee, influencing his consciousness and stimulating him to make the necessary decisions. Based on the identified differential features, the definition of an investment pitch is proposed. It is concluded that the investment pitch can be included in a number of other proposals coming from the PR subject — proposals for cooperation, commercial proposals and proposals for sponsorship, calling it an offer for investors.

A Unifying Framework for Classification and Interpretation of Mechanism Singularities

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zlatanov ◽  
R. G. Fenton ◽  
B. Benhabib
Keyword(s):  
Singularity Analysis ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Kinematic Singularity ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Passive Joint ◽  
Singular Configurations ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Velocity Equation ◽  
Definition Of

This paper presents a generalized approach to the singularity analysis of mechanisms with arbitrary kinematic chains and an equal number of inputs and outputs. The instantaneous kinematics of a mechanism is described by means of a velocity equation, explicitly including not only the input and output velocities but also the passive-joint velocities. A precise definition of singularity of a general mechanism is provided. On the basis of the six types of singular configurations and the motion space interpretation of kinematic singularity introduced in the paper, a comprehensive singularity classification is proposed.

scholarly journals The Theoretical and Methodological Basis of Criminology of the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Victor Fadeev
Keyword(s):  
Subject Field ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Out

The goal of this paper is to show how criminology can align its development prospects as a theory of crime prevention and counteraction with the fate of the country, with its near and distant future. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to work out, on the one hand, a correct definition of its object, theoretical and practical methodology and, on the other hand, the subject field of competencies acceptable for the society and the state. The future of criminology lies not only in meeting the challenges of today and tomorrow, but also in implementing new prospective directions for its development, in a better definition and description of some expectations, in predicting the achievement of possibly not final, but at least distant results when working out its theoretical and practical clauses and in developing «Criminology» as a theory of preventing and counteracting crimes, because its scope will be understood to be much wider and deeper than in the classical version still dominant today. It is necessary to increase professional attention as the forms and scale of crimes have changed greatly recently, and they do not in fact fit the traditional criminal law sphere because they develop according to their own logic and, in many aspects, beyond the competencies of contemporary criminology. It is claimed that in the last decades the spheres of influence for criminals have increased because of the political, environmental and banking lawlessness all over the world, including in our country, as it has coalesced with the authorities and occupied everything that it deemed to be interesting and useful and, thus, outlined a new rather wide subject field for criminology. In this connection, it is necessary to develop a criminology of the future. It includes not only the development of the theory of criminology proper, but, primarily, the implementation of the lifestyle principles, of building and providing for a life based on lawful behavior through the development of individual, public and universal, cosmically sanctified, consciousness. This approach to determining the future of criminology is considered by the author to be more adequate and dignified in the existing circumstances than «crawling away» into the essentially criminal «professional doghouse» disguised as a new doctrine of criminology.

scholarly journals Problems of understanding the sale of narcotic drugs in doctrine and judicial practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contractual Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Objective Side ◽  
Illicit Trafficking ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

In the article the problems of judicial and academic interpretation of the concept of sale of narcotic means and psychotropic substances. Currently, essential questions of understanding of marketing in order to distinguishing this transaction from other types of physical transfer of the drug to others, do not accept the sale, usually due attention in the literature is not given. However, the establishment of accessory drugs precedes the criminal legal evaluation of actions of the owner, associated with its use and disposal. The correct definition of the subject, which has a real opportunity to determine the fate of drugs, similar to the powers of the owner, it is important not only for differentiation of the objective side of acquisition, storage, marketing and other activities, but also for differentiating between types of partners, and in some cases forms of complicity. At the theoretical level, the resolution of the issues of identity of drugs and legal assessment of persons involved in their trafficking is carried out by applying to the relations arising between subjects of the illegal market of drugs, analogues civil constructions proprietary and contractual relations, which are based on the idea of the owner of the drug as the owner possessing a thing from itself and for itself, in contrast to its passive holder with no right of ownership and acting in the interests of the beneficiary. Illegal relations, the subject of which is the drug transferred well-known civil law model of legal relations, the main participants of which is the owner of a thing, while other persons are carriers derived from the owner of the rights. The author provides a critical analysis of the current doctrine of criminal law position on the possibility of applying to illegal drug deals in civil constructions proprietary and contractual relations. Substantiates the inconsistency of approaches to the separation of marketing from other activities associated with the transfer of narcotic drugs, on the basis of civil-law categories. In order to solve the qualification tasks proposed to proceed from the actual content of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, expressed in their assignment and alienation.

scholarly journals FORENSIC-ECONOMIC EXPERTISE IN PROVING CIRCUMSTANCES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO COMPULSORY PROOF IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF FINANCING SOCIAL TARGETED PROGRAMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-414
Author(s):  
D. Viter
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Informal Notes

Traces of criminal activities in the field of financing social targeted programs are often reflected in a number of documents that this activity is issued and accompanied. In this regard, one of the leading places in the investigation of criminal proceedings for such crimes are expert studies on the use of techniques and methods for diagnosing the financial and economic situation of the enterprise. The purpose of the article is to outline the features of forensic economic expertise and to highlight their capabilities in proving circumstances that are subject to mandatory proving when investigating crimes in the field of financing social targeted programs. The article emphasizes that the results of economic research in the form of a conclusion of a forensic expert is one of the sources of evidence in criminal proceedings, which is objective and reflects the correlation relations in the criminal process regarding the establishment of objective truth in a particular criminal proceeding and its solution. essentially. It was noted that the practice of investigation and consideration by the courts of crimes in the field of financing social targeted programs indicates that there are not many cases in which the issues that are addressed by it go beyond the limits of expert knowledge, which indicates the problem of identifying the initiator of examination of the species and subspecies Forensic-economic expertise, the characteristics of the subject and object of this expertise and its subspecies are given. The attention is drawn to the fact that the practical activity of an expert, the limits of his competence in determining the range of issues that he can solve depends on the correct definition of the subject and the object of the examination. It is established that one of the peculiarities of committing crimes in the sphere of financing social targeted programs is that they are committed by officials using multi-combinations and related to the concealment of data in accounting documents. It is proved that all collected valid and fictitious documents, informal notes of materially responsible persons should be attached to the materials of the proceedings; interrogated all persons who can testify about the crime in the sphere of funding social targeted programs, as well as all the expert opinions, the conclusions of which can be used by an expert-economist to provide an expert’s opinion.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Antonio Negri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Diran
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antonio Negri

Agamben describes his posture as a reader as one of seeking a text’s Entwicklungsfähigkeit, or capacity for elaboration.1 In examining Agamben’s practices of reading, we can attend to the opposite phenomenon: the counter-elaboration that a text, in having being read by the philosopher, performs upon Agamben’s own thought. This reciprocal elaboration might constitute a paradigm for Agamben’s use of reading, according to his own idiosyncratic definition of use as an event in the middle voice, in which (according to a definition of Benveniste) the subject ‘effects an action only in affecting itself (il effectue en s’affectant)’ (UB 28). With this definition in mind, we could say that Agamben effects a text (he writes) only to the extent that he is also affected by another text (he reads). This is why Agamben’s position as a reader proves particularly important to any assessment of his work, quite aside from the problem of influence or intellectual genealogy. For this same reason, however, assessing Agamben’s relation to Antonio Negri – a figure with whom, by most measures, he is at odds – poses an unexpected challenge: how can Agamben’s thought be a use of Negri? Answering this question means not only assessing the critical distance between the two thinkers, but also taking this distance as a measure, in the Spinozan sense, of mutual affection.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

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