Variations of the electric field and current in the near-surface atmosphere during magnetic storms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Riabova ◽  
Yaroslav O. Romanovsky ◽  
Alexander A. Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere

Variations of electrical characteristics of near-surface atmosphere of the Earth during magnetic storm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Riabova ◽  
Alexander Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geosphere Dynamics ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>Temporal variations of the electric field in near-surface layer of the Earth are determined by many factors, among which strong disturbances of the magnetic field should be especially noted. Magnetic storms cause an increase in the ionospheric electric field, which leads to variations in the gradient of the electric field potential near the Earth's surface. We consider the effect of magnetic storms in variations in the electrical characteristics of the atmosphere at Geophysical observatory «Mikhnevo» of Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of Russian Academy of Sciences and at Center for geophysical monitoring of Moscow of Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of Russian Academy of Sciences. We used data from the continuous monitoring of three components of the magnetic field, vertical components of the atmospheric electric field and atmospheric current carried out in fair weather. Experimental data processing and analysis show that accompanying magnetic storms with geomagnetic K index more or equal 5 increased variations in the electric field and vertical atmospheric current are characterized by different morphological structures. It is currently difficult to interpret the data. Nevertheless, the research results can be of great help in the development and verification of theoretical and computational models for generating variations in the electric field as a result of strong geomagnetic disturbances.</p>

Effects of thunderstorm activity in power spectra of the electric field in the near-surface atmosphere at Kamchatka

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Mikhailova ◽  
Yu. M. Mikhailov ◽  
O. V. Kapustina ◽  
S. E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere

Diurnal effects on the helium concentration in soil-gas and near-surface atmosphere

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Michael Reimer ◽  
Alan A. Roberts ◽  
E.H. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Gas ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Helium Concentration ◽  
Surface Atmosphere

Deepening of domains at e-beam writing on the -Z surface of lithium niobate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kokhanchik ◽  
Evgenii Emelin ◽  
Vadim Vladimirovch Sirotkin ◽  
Alexander Svintsov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Sign Inversion

Abstract The focus of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of the domains created by electron beam (e-beam) in a surface layer of congruent lithium niobate, which comparable to a depth of electron beam charge penetration. Direct e-beam writing (DEBW) of different domain structures with a scanning electron microscope was performed on the polar -Z cut. Accelerating voltage 15 kV and e-beam current 100 pA were applied. Different patterns of local irradiated squares were used to create domain structures and single domains. No domain contrast was observed by the PFM technique. Based on chemical etching, it was found that the vertices of the domains created do not reach the surface level. The average deepening of the domain vertices was several hundred nanometers and varied depending on the irradiation dose and the location of the irradiated areas (squares) relative to each other. Computer simulation was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of the electric field in the various irradiated patterns. The deepening was explained by the fact that in the near-surface layer there is a sign inversion of the normal component of the electric field strength vector, which controls the domain formation during DEBW. Thus, with the help of e-beam, domains were created completely located in the bulk, in contrast to the domains that are nucleated on the surface of the -Z cut during the polarization inversion with AFM tip. The detected deepening of e-beam domains suggests the possibility of creating the “head-to-head” domain walls in the near-surface layer lithium niobate by DEBW.

scholarly journals The composition of Europa's near-surface atmosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S251) ◽  
pp. 327-328
Author(s):  
Mau C. Wong ◽  
Tim Cassidy ◽  
Robert E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Surface Atmosphere ◽  
Jovian Magnetosphere ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Geophysical Phenomenon ◽  
Inorganic Species

AbstractThe presence of an undersurface ocean renders Europa as one of the few planetary bodies in our Solar System that has been conjectured to have possibly harbored life. Some of the organic and inorganic species present in the ocean underneath are expected to transport upwards through the relatively thin ice crust and manifest themselves as impurities of the water ice surface. For this reason, together with its unique dynamic atmosphere and geological features, Europa has attracted strong scientific interests in past decades.Europa is imbedded inside the Jovian magnetosphere, and, therefore, is constantly subjected to the immerse surrounding radiations, similar to the other three Galilean satellites. The magnetosphere-atmosphere-surface interactions form a complex system that provides a multitude of interesting geophysical phenomenon that is unique in the Solar System. The atmosphere of Europa is thought to have created by, mostly, charged particles sputtering of surface materials. Consequently, the study of Europa's atmosphere can be used as a tool to infer the surface composition. In this paper, we will discuss our recent model studies of Europa's near-surface atmosphere. In particular, the abundances and distributions of the dominant O2 and H2O species, and of other organic and inorganic minor species will be addressed.

scholarly journals Ozone and Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Near-Surface Atmosphere above the Baikal Natural Territory

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
O. I. Khuriganova ◽  
◽  
V. A. Obolkin ◽  
V. L. Potemkin ◽  
L. P. Golobokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere ◽  
Natural Territory

scholarly journals Atmospheric electric field in the Atlantic marine boundary layer: first results from the SAIL project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Barbosa ◽  
Mauricio Camilo ◽  
Carlos Almeida ◽  
José Almeida ◽  
Guilherme Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Electric Field ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
First Results

<p><span>The study of the electrical properties of the atmospheric marine boundary layer is important as the effect of natural radioactivity in driving near surface ionisation is significantly reduced over the ocean, and the concentration of aerosols is also typically lower than over continental areas, allowing a clearer examination of space-atmosphere interactions. Furthermore, cloud cover over the ocean is dominated by low-level clouds and most of the atmospheric charge lies near the earth surface, at low altitude cloud tops. </span></p><p><span>The relevance of electric field observations in the marine boundary layer is enhanced by the the fact that the electrical conductivity of the ocean air is clearly linked to global atmospheric pollution and aerosol content. The increase in aerosol pollution since the original observations made in the early 20th century by the survey ship Carnegie is a pressing and timely motivation for modern measurements of the atmospheric electric field in the marine boundary layer. Project SAIL (Space-Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions in the marine boundary Layer) addresses this challenge by means of an unique monitoring campaign on board the ship-rigged sailing ship NRP Sagres during its 2020 circumnavigation expedition. </span></p><p><span>The Portuguese Navy ship NRP Sagres departed from Lisbon on January 5th in a journey around the globe that will take 371 days. Two identical field mill sensors (CS110, Campbell Scientific) are installed </span><span>o</span><span>n the mizzen mast, one at a height of 22 m, and the other at a height of 5 meters. </span><span>A visibility sensor (SWS050, Biral) was also set-up on the same mast in order to have measurements of the extinction coefficient of the atmosphere and assess fair-weather conditions.</span><span> Further observations include gamma radiation measured with a NaI(Tl) scintillator from 475 keV to 3 MeV, cosmic radiation up to 17 MeV, and atmospheric ionisation from a cluster ion counter (Airel). The</span><span> 1 Hz measurements of the atmospheric electric field</span><span> and from all the other sensors</span><span> are </span><span>linked to the same rigorous temporal reference frame and precise positioning through kinematic GNSS observations. </span></p><p><span>Here the first results of the SAIL project will be presented, focusing on fair-weather electric field over the Atlantic. The observations obtained in the first three sections of the circumnavigation journey, including Lisbon (Portugal) - Tenerife (Spain), from 5 to 10 January, Tenerife - Praia (Cape Verde) from 13 to 19 January, and across the Atlantic from Cape Verde to Rio de Janeiro (Brasil), from January 22nd to February 14th, will be presented and discussed.</span></p>

Observation of cosmic ray and electric field variations in the surface atmosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. S. de Mendonça ◽  
J. -P. Raulin ◽  
V. S. Makhmutov ◽  
Yu. I. Stozhkov ◽  
A. N. Kvashnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Surface Atmosphere
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