RELATION OF OXYGEN UPTAKE TO BODY WEIGHT OF RATS AT DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Gridgeman ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Statistical analysis of data on the oxygen consumption of rats (Sprague–Dawley strain; records covering several years of experimentation in one laboratory) indicated that the relation between oxygen uptake and body weight is not constant. Kleiber's case for a linear relation between oxygen uptake and the [Formula: see text] power of body weight for homeotherms in general under normal environmental conditions is not impugned by the present findings. Under abnormal experimental conditions, particularly as regards environmental temperature, the use of the analysis of covariance is recommended to best allow for the effect of body weight on oxygen uptake.

Respiratory and Circulatory Responses to Hypoxia in the Lobster Homarus Americanus

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. MCMAHON ◽  
J. L. WILKENS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxygen Tensions

Contrary to previous reports, oxygen consumption is maintained over a wide range of external oxygen tensions in the lobster Homarus americanus. In animals acclimated to the experimental conditions this response is mediated by increased branchial pumping, increased effectiveness of oxygen uptake by the gills and an increased contribution by the respiratory pigment to the oxygen delivered to the tissues. Circulatory blood oxygen levels are generally high in lobsters resting in well-aerated water. Mechanisms for detection of hypoxia and possible control mechanisms are discussed.

LOW-TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND THE METABOLISM OF VITAMIN A IN THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Carotene and vitamin A metabolism in the rat were studied at two environmental temperatures. The utilization of carotene is greater in animals maintained at a low environmental temperature (2°) than at room temperature (22°). This occurred within a period of 3 days. Both the hepatic storage and the rate of metabolism of orally administered vitamin A were unaffected by environmental temperature. The response of Wistar and Sprague–Dawley strains was similar.

The relationship between cirral activity and oxygen uptake in Balanus balanoides

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Newell ◽  
H. R. Northcroft
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

The rate of cirral beat of Balanus balanoides is related to the logarithm of the body weight as an exponential function. In any one animal, there is little effect of temperature on cirral activity between 7·5° and 10° C. Between 10° and 20° C, however, there is a rapid increase in cirral beat with temperature followed by a fall at temperatures above 20° C.Balanus balanoides exhibits a fast, medium and zero rate of oxygen consumption. These rates of oxygen consumption correspond with (a) normal cirral beating, (b) ‘testing’ activity with no cirral movement, and (c) with the closure of the mantle cavity. Both of the possible levels of oxygen uptake are related to the logarithm of the body weight in a logarithmic fashion over the temperature range 7·5°–22·5° C. Temperature affects the two rates of oxygen consumption differently. In the slower rate (rate B) there is an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 7·5° and 14° C but there is no significant increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 14° and 22·5 C°.

LOW-TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND THE METABOLISM OF VITAMIN A IN THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Carotene and vitamin A metabolism in the rat were studied at two environmental temperatures. The utilization of carotene is greater in animals maintained at a low environmental temperature (2°) than at room temperature (22°). This occurred within a period of 3 days. Both the hepatic storage and the rate of metabolism of orally administered vitamin A were unaffected by environmental temperature. The response of Wistar and Sprague–Dawley strains was similar.

Hypoglycemic Effect of High Environmental Temperature on Dogs

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Environmental Temperature ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Low Humidity

Exposure of unanesthetized dogs to high environmental temperature (120°F) and low humidity (< 20%) for 4 hours with no water available for drinking, results in a fall in both whole blood and plasma glucose concentration in spite of the dehydration which also occurs. In one group of dogs so tested the whole blood glucose fell 22%, in another group it fell 16%. The average dehydration was –6% body weight. One would expect such a concomitant dehydration to cause an increase in glucose concentration, much as has been reported in man. Under the experimental conditions imposed, a hypoglycemia resulted in dogs. The hypoglycemia is apparently associated with high temperature for when the animals were exposed to heat the glucose fell and the rectal temperature increased, when they were removed from heat and allowed to recover, the rectal temperature fell and the glucose returned towards normal. The fall in glucose is metabolic in nature for no evidence of any glycosuria was found.

The influence of environmental temperature upon the thermoregulatory responses to ethanol in man

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Fellows ◽  
I. A. MacDonald ◽  
T. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Deep Body

1. Ten healthy male subjects ingested ethanol (BP; 0.5 g/kg body weight) after an overnight fast, on two separate occasions, at environmental temperatures of either 21°C or 3O°C. 2. The mean maximal fall in deep body temperature was not significantly different on the two occasions, being 0.18°C and 0.17°C respectively. 3. Metabolic rates throughout the experiments at the two temperatures were not significantly different. 4. The vasodilatation of the hand and forearm vascular beds after ethanol ingestion was markedly reduced at the lower environmental temperature. 5. In three subjects who ingested a higher dose of ethanol (BP; 1.0 g/kg body weight) after an overnight fast, at an environmental temperature of 2l°C, the mean maximum fall in core temperature was 0.15°C, which was not significantly different from the change seen after consumption of the lower dose of ethanol. 6. It is likely that the failure of ethanol ingestion to provoke hypothermia at the lower environmental temperature was due to the attenuated vasodilatation observed under these conditions.

THE EFFECT OF LOW ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF FEMALE MICE

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. BARNETT ◽  
ELIZABETH M. COLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

SUMMARY Breeding stocks of mice of strain A2G have been studied at environmental temperatures of −3° and 21° C. The mean age of opening of the vagina was 33 days at −3° C, 26 days at 21° C. The mean body weight at opening was 13 g in both temperatures. The vaginal smear of typical oestrus appeared at a mean age of 61 days at −3° C, 38 days at 21° C; it was preceded by variable numbers of anomalous smears containing squamous cells. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 8·5 days at −3° C, 4·8 days at 21° C. Females transferred from 21° to −3° C had longer cycles at first, but tended to return to normal after some months. The interval between parturitions had two modes, at about 3 and 6 weeks respectively: most intervals were around 6 weeks at −3° C, 3 weeks at 21° C. There was evidence of a negative correlation between the numbers weaned in successive parturitions, when the interval between parturitions was near the minimum. The slowing of the reproductive cycle at −3° C may be attributed to the prior demands of catabolism; but this does not account for the recovery of the mice transferred from warm to cold.

scholarly journals Effect of Seasonal Temperature on Oxygen Consumption in Relation to Body Size of a Fresh-Water Fish, the Flying Barb, Esomus dandricus (Ham.)

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
H. Bhattacharya ◽  
B. R. Subba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Seasonal Temperature

Oxygen uptake in relation to body weight was measured in Esomus dandricus at two different seasonal temperatures, winter and summer. Oxygen uptake per unit time (mlO2/hr) increased from 0.5335 to 0.7839 with gradual increase in body weight from 0.5 to 1.5 g during winter season. During summer, it increased from 0.5539 to 1.4853 with an increase in body weight from 0.6 to 3.3 g. Oxygen uptake per unit time (mlO2/hr) increased by a power of 0.2594 while the oxygen uptake per unit weight (mlO2/g/hr) decreased by a power of -0.7409 at 16 ± 1 °C. Oxygen uptake rate per unit time (mlO2/hr) increased by a power of 0.5722 while the oxygen uptake per unit weight (mlO2/g/hr) decreased by a power of -0.4282 at 25 ± 1°C. As the slope of regression line relating to oxygen uptake (mlO2/hr) and body weight in Esomus dandricus is less than 1.0, it can be suggested that the oxygen uptake will decrease with increase in body weight of the fish.Keywords: Flying Barb, Oxygen consumption, Winter, Summerdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.503Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp53-60

EXERCISE AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN LEMMINGS AND RABBITS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Oxygen consumption and body temperatures were determined in lemmings at environmental temperatures from 20 °C. to −10 °C. and in rabbits from 20 °C. to −50 °C. Body insulation indices were estimated as the ratio [Formula: see text]. In both species, increase in activity and decrease in temperature led to increases in oxygen consumption that were additive over the temperature range. Oxygen increments of work were independent of environmental temperature in the absence of progressive hypothermia. Work led to increases in body temperature at the upper environmental temperatures and to decreases in body temperature at the lower temperatures. In extreme cold, rabbits became progressively hypothermic during work and there was a decline in oxygen consumption. Body temperatures started to fall at environmental temperatures 18 °C. higher in working than in resting rabbits. Insulation was lower in working than in resting animals. During exercise there appears to be a readjustment of body temperature, insulation, and heat loss until thermal equilibrium is established. The regulation of heat production, within limits, seems to be independent of body-temperature changes during exercise.

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