Ration alimentaire et bilan énergétique individuel dans une population de montagne de Lacerta vivipara

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1945-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Pilorge
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lacerta Vivipara ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

The diet of Lacerta vivipara was estimated in the laboratory by determining the relationship between fecal production and food intake. Transposed to free-living individuals, this relationship between the daily consumption C in milligrams of dry weight and the total fresh weight of lizards in grams becomes C = 20.4 W0,85. By knowing the number of days during which lizards can eat, the assimilation rate, the weight increase, the mean weight of the tail, the rate of autotomy, and the weight of a brood, the individual energy budget has been established for each sex according to age. The proportion of the assimilated biomass used for growth reaches a peak in young lizards, then decreases regularly to a negligible degree in older animals. The energy used for reproduction is low at first in primiparous females but becomes three times as great in older females.[Traduit par le journal]

Growth and respiration throughout the life-cycle of Nematospiroides dubius Baylis, 1926 (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
The Relationship

The growth of the three free-living stages of N. dubius was measured in terms of dry and fresh weight. Changes in body water content during moulting were demonstrated by variations in dry weight when expressed as a percentage of fresh weight. The respiration rate of the larvae increased until they became infective, after which time it decreased until five days later no oxygen consumption could be recorded. The inability of all larval stages to withstand anaerobic conditions indicated that their metabolism was essentially aerobic. The relationship between body size and metabolic rate was established for each stage and its significance in relation to the life-cycle discussed.

scholarly journals Objective measurement of physical activity in Macaca fascicularis

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
Wayne T. Corbett ◽  
Harry M. Schey ◽  
A. W. Green
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Active Intermediate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The mean and standard deviation over 24 h for 3 groups of animals - active, intermediate and inactive - in physical activity units were 10948 ± 3360, 2611 ± 1973 and 484 ± 316 respectively. The differences were significant ( P = 0·004), demonstrating the ability of the method to distinguish between groups that can be visibly differentiated. The small within-animal physical activity standard deviation (18·85 PAU) obtained in another group, suggests that it also yields reliable physical activity measurements for non-human primates. The monitoring device used can discriminate between individual nonhuman primate physical activity levels in a free-living environment and does not alter daily behaviour. This makes possible the study of the relationship between physical activity and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.

scholarly journals Growth and Ginsenosides Content of Ginseng Sprouts According to LED-Based Light Quality Changes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Yoon-Jeong Kim ◽  
Thi Kim Loan Nguyen ◽  
Myung-Min Oh
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Total Saponin ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
One Year ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

This study investigated growth and ginsenosides content of ginseng sprouts under various light spectra. One-year-old ginseng seedlings were cultivated under various light treatments including: monochromatic (red (R), green (G), and blue (B)), various RB and RGB combinations, white (fluorescent lamps (FL) and natural white (NW)), and supplemental far red (FR). R and high R ratio increased growth characteristics of ginseng sprouts (excepted for root dry weight). The replacement of G for B in RGB group and W group did not increase the growth, and supplemental FR increased shoot and root fresh weights, total fresh weight, and leaf area. R had 1.5 times higher photosynthetic rate compared to B and G, and R8G1B1 and R9G1B0 showed the highest values in RGB group; whereas the RB, W, and FR groups did not enhance photosynthetic rate. B and high B ratio increased shoot saponin and ginsenosides, total saponin and ginsenosides contents. Total saponin content in shoot was 4.4 times higher than that in root. The supplemental FR enhanced both total saponin and ginsenosides contents. In conclusion, NW + FR showed the highest total fresh weight, saponin and ginsenosides contents among all treatments, suggesting that supplementation of FR has a positive effect on ginseng sprouts grown in plant factories.

Study of Speed-Flow Relationships on Individual Freeway Lanes

1997 ◽  
Vol 1591 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Hurdle ◽  
Mark I. Merlo ◽  
Doug Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
High Flows ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Many researchers have examined the form of the relationship between speed and flow on freeways. However, these researchers have concentrated on relationships for the freeway as a whole instead of on individual lanes. In this study, the relationship was examined for each of the three lanes at two locations on Highway 401 in metropolitan Toronto. It proved possible to accurately describe the mean speed in each lane with simple linear functions over the range of flows of most practical interest. Cubic functions provided comparable results over a wider range of flows, but it appears unlikely that the very high and very low flows are of sufficient interest to justify the added complexity. When an attempt was made to examine the relationship between speed and flow for the entire roadway, the linear functions were not adequate, but cubic functions performed reasonably well. However, the details of the full roadway curves are quite different from those of the curves described in the 1994 Highway Capacity Manual. In particular, the curves described in the manual are much steeper than the Highway 401 curves at high flows, implying a much more rapid loss of performance as flow approaches capacity than was observed. The full roadway curves are also surprisingly different from the curves for the individual lanes.

Monitoring Training Volume Through Maximal Number of Repetitions or Velocity-Based Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Miguel Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
Gonçalo Rendeiro-Pinho ◽  
Pedro V. Mil-Homens ◽  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monitoring Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Effort

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to analyze the interindividual variability in the maximal number of repetitions (MNR) performed against a given relative load (percentage of 1-repetition maximum [%1RM]) and (2) to examine the relationship between the velocity loss (VL) magnitude and the percentage of completed repetitions with regard to the MNR (%Rep), when the %1RM is based on individual load–velocity relationships. Methods: Following an assessment of 1RM strength and individual load–velocity relationships, 14 resistance-trained men completed 5 MNR tests against loads of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% 1RM in the Smith machine bench-press exercise. The relative loads were determined from the individual load–velocity relationship. Results: Individual relationships between load and velocity displayed coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from .986 to .998. The MNR showed an interindividual coefficient of variation ranging from 8.6% to 33.1%, increasing as the %1RM increased. The relationship between %Rep and the magnitude of VL showed a general R2 of .92 to .94 between 50% and 80% 1RM, which decreased to .80 for 90% 1RM. The mean individual R2 values were between .97 and .99 for all loading conditions. The %Rep when a given percentage of VL was reached showed interindividual coefficient of variation values ranging from 5% to 20%, decreasing as the %Rep increased in each load condition. Conclusions: Setting a number of repetitions had acceptable interindividual variability, with moderate relative loads being adjusted based on the individual load–velocity relationship. However, to provide a more homogeneous level of effort between athletes, the VL approach should be considered, mainly when using individual VL–%Rep relationships.

A Behavioral Process Approach to Information Acquisition in Nondurable Purchasing

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Jacoby ◽  
Robert W. Chestnut ◽  
William A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Behavioral Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attitudinal Brand Loyalty ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A behavioral process method was used to explore the relationship of individual difference factors to consumer information acquisition behavior. Findings included: (1) the mean proportion of available information actually acquired was 2%, and (2) information search was concentrated on six of the 35 available information dimensions; increased information acquisition was related (3) positively to the product's importance for the individual, (4) positively to being an optimizer rather than a satisficer, (5) positively to high amounts of past purchasing experience with the product, and (6) negatively to attitudinal brand loyalty.

scholarly journals Caregiver distress associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms in mild Alzheimer's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Pedro Balieiro Jr. ◽  
Emmanuelle Silva Tavares Sobreira ◽  
Marina Ceres Silva Pena ◽  
José Humberto Silva-Filho ◽  
Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Caregiver Distress and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementias (BPSD) in mild Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Fifty patients and caregivers were interviewed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results: 96.0% of the patients had at least one BPSD. The mean NPI total score was 19.6 (SD=18.05; range=0-78) whereas the mean Caregiver Distress Index (CDI) total score was 11.5 (SD=10.41; range=0-40). For the individual symptoms, the weighted mean CDI was 2.8 (SD=1.58). All symptom CDI means were higher than 2.0 except for euphoria/elation (m=1.8; SD=1.49). There were correlations between CDI and derived measures (Frequency, Severity, FxS, and Amplitude) for all symptoms, except Disinhibition and Night-time behavior. Correlations ranged between 0.443 and 0.894, with significance at p<0.05. Conclusions: All the derived measures, including amplitude, were useful in at least some cases. The data suggests that CDI cannot be inferred from symptom presence or profile. Symptoms should be systematically investigated.

scholarly journals Monosporic Inoculation of Economically Important Horticultural Species with Native Endomycorrhizae under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Flor Hernandez ◽  
Rosalinda Villarreal ◽  
Valentin Torres ◽  
Adrien Gallou
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Research into the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is key for sustainable agricultural intensification. The objective of the present study is to evaluate native AMF at the monosporic level in greenhouse-grown, economically important crops. Agricultural soil samples from three locations (Saltillo, Zaragoza, and Parras) were obtained by combining portions resulting from a zigzag sampling pattern. From these samples, 15 morphotypes were extracted according to a modified Gerdemann’s technique and monosporically inoculated on melon, cucumber, tomato, and onion, 30 days after their sowing. Under a completely random experimental design, 16 treatments with three repetitions were defined. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, bulb weight, fresh leaf weight, total dry weight, flower number, leaf number, fruit number, spore number, and percentage of colonization were all evaluated. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey comparison test (p ≤ 0.05), which showed that the monosporic inoculation favors significantly the AMF and the host, while the T6 (Saltillo spore + Steiner modified with 20% of the normal phosphorus concentration) showed a greater response uniformity on onion and melon, which indicates its great potential as an inoculum.

scholarly journals Assessment of Growth and Biomass Production of a Medicinal Plant Bryophyllum Salisb. as Influenced by Different Organic Manures

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
AT Sharif ◽  
AS Razzaque ◽  
TT Purna ◽  
Md Khalilur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Compost Treatment ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of various organic manures on the growth performance and biomass production of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Nine kinds of organic manures, such as ACI, BGF-1, bone meal, Green life, Kazi, Majim, mustard cake, Payel and Shebok composts were applied individually at the rate of 15 ton/ha. Highest height (45.25 cm), leaf number (102.67 no./plant), leaf area (82.43 cm2/plant), number of branches (27.00 no./plant), girth (6.75 cm/plant), total fresh weight (334.02 g/plant) and total dry weight (86.09 g/plant) were recorded in mustard cake compost treatment at harvest. Results showed that the best growth performance and biomass production both were achieved by mustard cake compost treatment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 229-236, 2020 (July)

Protein intake and the dynamics of the postnuptial molt in White-crowned Sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2225-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Murphy ◽  
James R. King
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii

Nutritional constraints have often been invoked as either ultimate or proximate agents that account for variation in the schedule and intensity of molt and the quality of the new plumage. We examined this hypothesis by analyzing the dynamics of postnuptial molt and the condition of the new feathers in seven groups of White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) in which the mean daily consumption of high-quality protein in otherwise balanced diets ranged from subadequate (0.20 g/bird) to superadequate (3.23 g/bird). Mean body mass during molt did not differ among the six groups consuming 0.46 g/bird-day or more (0.69, 0.97, 1.76, 1.99, and 3.23 g/bird-day) but was significantly less throughout molt (e.g., ca. 20 vs. 26 g in mid to late molt) in the group subsisting on 0.20 g/bird-day. The mean date of molt onset (27 June – 2 July) was statistically the same in all the groups, as was the duration of molt (51–57 days) in the six groups consuming 0.46 g or more of protein per day. In the lowest-protein group (0.20 g/bird-day) the molt lasted > 111 days. The protraction of molt resulted from both a slower growth rate of flight feathers and longer shedding intervals between them. The new primary remiges of the birds in this group averaged 4–9% shorter than in the six other groups, which were statistically indistinguishable from each other. These results are consistent with those of earlier experiments on the effects on molt of shortages of nutritionally balanced diets and of diets deficient only in sulfur amino acids. Molt is very resistant to the kinds of malnutrition that free-living birds may encounter. Only very severe levels of privation that sharply depress body mass and potentially threaten life significantly slow the rate of molt or reduce the quality of plumage.

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