scholarly journals Nonequilibrium Aspects of Integrable Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Colin Rylands ◽  
Natan Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Integrable Models ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
New Developments ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nonequilibrium Phenomena

Driven by breakthroughs in experimental and theoretical techniques, the study of nonequilibrium quantum physics is a rapidly expanding field with many exciting new developments. Among the manifold ways the topic can be investigated, one-dimensional systems provide a particularly fine platform. The trifecta of strongly correlated physics, powerful theoretical techniques, and experimental viability have resulted in a flurry of research activity over the past decade or so. In this review, we explore the nonequilibrium aspects of one-dimensional systems that are integrable. Through a number of illustrative examples, we discuss nonequilibrium phenomena that arise in such models, the role played by integrability, and the consequences these have for more generic systems.

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene-Based Systems: Prototypes for Nanoscience and Nanometrology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ado Jorio
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
External Factors ◽  
New Developments ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effect Of Disorder

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize the different types of sp2 carbon nanostructures, including two-dimensional graphene, one-dimensional nanotubes, and the effect of disorder in their structures. This work discusses why sp2 nanocarbons can be considered as prototype materials for the development of nanoscience and nanometrology. The sp2 nanocarbon structures are quickly introduced, followed by a discussion on how this field evolved in the past decades. In sequence, their rather rich Raman spectra composed of many peaks induced by single- and multiple-resonance effects are introduced. The properties of the main Raman peaks are then described, including their dependence on both materials structure and external factors, like temperature, pressure, doping, and environmental effects. Recent applications that are pushing the technique limits, such as multitechnique approach and in situ nanomanipulation, are highlighted, ending with some challenges for new developments in this field.

CONSCIOUSNESS AND TIME. IS SUBJECTIVE TIME OBJECTIVE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
G.S. Prygin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Psychological Aspect ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Time Consciousness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Time Quantum ◽  
Temporal Modes

We study the problems of time consciousness from the standpoint of philosophy, physics and psychology; it is argued that such a sequence in the analysis of the problem allows us to reveal the actual psychological aspect of the problem of the objectivity of the consciousness of time, which is the goal of the study. Both the philosophical concepts of the time consciousness of I. Kant, E. Husserl and F. Brentano, and the physical theories of the study of time (quantum physics, cosmology, the physics of non-equilibrium processes) are analyzed. It has been established that in philosophical theories, the concepts: consciousness, memory, perception, representation, and others do not have clear definitions and can change their meaning depending on the context. It is emphasized that in physical and human sciences time is investigated, as a rule, in connection with the concept of “space”. It is shown that when analyzing the problem of the consciousness of time, one should first decide on the concept of “reality”, which allows us to remove contradictions in the understanding of time in various physical theories. It is concluded that the existence of both objective and subjective time can only be spoken when we operate with concepts; outside of this the concept of “time” has meaning only when a person is considered as part of society. It is shown that in relation to the collective and personal unconscious, the temporal modes of the "past", "present" and "future" do not make sense, since "the whole diversity of everything" is represented in the unconscious field simultaneously and extra-spatially.

Battlefields from Event to Heritage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carman ◽  
Patricia Carman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Modern War

What is—or makes a place—a ‘historic battlefield’? From one perspective the answer is a simple one—it is a place where large numbers of people came together in an organized manner to fight one another at some point in the past. But from another perspective it is far more difficult to identify. Quite why any such location is a place of battle—rather than any other kind of event—and why it is especially historic is more difficult to identify. This book sets out an answer to the question of what a historic battlefield is in the modern imagination, drawing upon examples from prehistory to the twentieth century. Considering battlefields through a series of different lenses, treating battles as events in the past and battlefields as places in the present, the book exposes the complexity of the concept of historic battlefield and how it forms part of a Western understanding of the world. Taking its lead from new developments in battlefield study—especially archaeological approaches—the book establishes a link to and a means by which these new approaches can contribute to more radical thinking about war and conflict, especially to Critical Military and Critical Security Studies. The book goes beyond the study of battles as separate and unique events to consider what they mean to us and why we need them to have particular characteristics. It will be of interest to archaeologists, historians, and students of modern war in all its forms.

scholarly journals Cardio- and Neurometabolic Adipobiology: Consequences and Implications for Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4137
Author(s):  
Jan Frohlich ◽  
George N. Chaldakov ◽  
Manlio Vinciguerra
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurotrophin 3

Studies over the past 30 years have revealed that adipose tissue is the major endocrine and paracrine organ of the human body. Arguably, adiopobiology has taken its reasonable place in studying obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is viewed herein as a neurometabolic disorder. The pathogenesis and therapy of these diseases are multiplex at basic, clinical and translational levels. Our present goal is to describe new developments in cardiometabolic and neurometabolic adipobiology. Accordingly, we focus on adipose- and/or skeletal muscle-derived signaling proteins (adipsin, adiponectin, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neuroptrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, irisin, sirtuins, Klotho, neprilysin, follistatin-like protein-1, meteorin-like (metrnl), as well as growth differentiation factor 11) as examples of metabotrophic factors (MTFs) implicated in the pathogenesis and therapy of obesity and related CMDs. We argue that these pathologies are MTF-deficient diseases. In 1993 the “vascular hypothesis of AD” was published and in the present review we propose the “vasculometabolic hypothesis of AD.” We discuss how MTFs could bridge CMDs and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Greater insights on how to manage the MTF network would provide benefits to the quality of human life.

scholarly journals Evaluating the performance of multivariate indicators of resilience loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Weinans ◽  
Rick Quax ◽  
Egbert H. van Nes ◽  
Ingrid A. van de Leemput
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Resilience Indicators

AbstractVarious complex systems, such as the climate, ecosystems, and physical and mental health can show large shifts in response to small changes in their environment. These ‘tipping points’ are notoriously hard to predict based on trends. However, in the past 20 years several indicators pointing to a loss of resilience have been developed. These indicators use fluctuations in time series to detect critical slowing down preceding a tipping point. Most of the existing indicators are based on models of one-dimensional systems. However, complex systems generally consist of multiple interacting entities. Moreover, because of technological developments and wearables, multivariate time series are becoming increasingly available in different fields of science. In order to apply the framework of resilience indicators to multivariate time series, various extensions have been proposed. Not all multivariate indicators have been tested for the same types of systems and therefore a systematic comparison between the methods is lacking. Here, we evaluate the performance of the different multivariate indicators of resilience loss in different scenarios. We show that there is not one method outperforming the others. Instead, which method is best to use depends on the type of scenario the system is subject to. We propose a set of guidelines to help future users choose which multivariate indicator of resilience is best to use for their particular system.

scholarly journals Flying Free: A Research Overview of Deep Learning in Drone Navigation Autonomy

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Susan Mckeever ◽  
Jane Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Vision Applications ◽  
Definition Of

With the rise of Deep Learning approaches in computer vision applications, significant strides have been made towards vehicular autonomy. Research activity in autonomous drone navigation has increased rapidly in the past five years, and drones are moving fast towards the ultimate goal of near-complete autonomy. However, while much work in the area focuses on specific tasks in drone navigation, the contribution to the overall goal of autonomy is often not assessed, and a comprehensive overview is needed. In this work, a taxonomy of drone navigation autonomy is established by mapping the definitions of vehicular autonomy levels, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, to specific drone tasks in order to create a clear definition of autonomy when applied to drones. A top–down examination of research work in the area is conducted, focusing on drone navigation tasks, in order to understand the extent of research activity in each area. Autonomy levels are cross-checked against the drone navigation tasks addressed in each work to provide a framework for understanding the trajectory of current research. This work serves as a guide to research in drone autonomy with a particular focus on Deep Learning-based solutions, indicating key works and areas of opportunity for development of this area in the future.

2D Self-assembly and Electronic Characterization of Oxygen-Boron-Oxygen-Doped Chiral Graphene Nanoribbons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Nerea Bilbao ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Xiao-Ye Wang ◽  
Soltani Paniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Quantum Confinement ◽  
Graphene Nanoribbons ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), quasi-one-dimensional strips of graphene, exhibit a nonzero bandgap due to quantum confinement and edge effects. In the past decade, different types of GNRs with atomically precise structures...

scholarly journals Baroreflex Activation Therapy for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Hypertension: New Developments

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teba Alnima ◽  
Peter W. de Leeuw ◽  
Abraham A. Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Systolic Heart Failure ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carotid Baroreflex ◽  
Activation Therapy

In the past few years, novel accomplishments have been obtained in carotid baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) for the treatment of resistant hypertension. In addition, this field is still evolving with promising results in the reduction of blood pressure and heart rate. This overview addresses the latest developments in BAT for the treatment of drug-resistant hypertension. Although not totally understood considering the working mechanisms of BAT, it appeared to be possible to achieve at least as much efficacy of single-sided as bilateral stimulation. Therefore unlike the first-generation Rheos system, the second-generation Barostimneooperates by unilateral baroreflex activation, using a completely different carotid electrode. Also significant improvements in several cardiac parameters have been shown by BAT in hypertensive patients, which set the basis for further research to evaluate BAT as a therapy for systolic heart failure. Yet important uncertainties need to be clarified to guarantee beneficial effects; hence not all participants seem to respond to BAT.

Chapter 7.1 Deception Island

2021 ◽  
pp. M55-2018-56
Author(s):  
A. Geyer ◽  
D. Pedrazzi ◽  
J. Almendros ◽  
M. Berrocoso ◽  
J. López-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Volcanic Unrest ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Disciplines

AbstractDeception Island (South Shetland Islands) is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than 15 explosive eruptive events registered over the past two centuries. Recent eruptions (1967, 1969 and 1970) and volcanic unrest episodes in 1992, 1999 and 2014–15 demonstrate that the occurrence of future volcanic activity is a valid and pressing concern for scientists, logistic personnel and tourists that are visiting or are working on or near the island. Over the last few decades, intense research activity has been carried out on Deception Island to decipher the origin and evolution of this very complex volcano. To that end, a solid integration of related scientific disciplines, such as tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geomorphology, remote sensing, glaciology, is required. A proper understanding of the island's evolution in the past, and its present state, is essential for improving the efficiency in interpreting monitoring data recorded during volcanic unrest periods and, hence, for future eruption forecasting. In this chapter, we briefly present Deception Island's most relevant tectonic, geomorphological, volcanological and magmatic features, as well as the results obtained from decades of monitoring the island's seismic activity and ground deformation.

The Structure of Emotional Response: 1984 Presidential Candidates

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Feeling Thermometer

Over the past two decades psychological models of affect have changed from valence (one-dimensional) models to multiple-dimensional models. The most recent models, circumplex models, are two-dimensional. Feeling thermometer measures, which derive their theoretical logic from earlier (valence) models of emotional appraisal, are shown to be confounded. Underlying the variation obtained using feeling thermometer measures are two dimensions of emotional response, mastery (positive emotionality) and threat (negative emotionality). Analysis of the 1984 NES survey suggests that positive emotional response is twice as influential as negative emotional response in predicting presidential candidate vote disposition to the presidential candidates. Reliance on emotional response is shown to be uniformly influential across various strata of the electorate.Policy considerations have little direct influence on vote disposition, though policy considerations are indirectly related to vote disposition through the influence of issues on the degree of feelings of threat evoked by the candidates.

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