scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene-Based Systems: Prototypes for Nanoscience and Nanometrology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ado Jorio
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
External Factors ◽  
New Developments ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effect Of Disorder

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize the different types of sp2 carbon nanostructures, including two-dimensional graphene, one-dimensional nanotubes, and the effect of disorder in their structures. This work discusses why sp2 nanocarbons can be considered as prototype materials for the development of nanoscience and nanometrology. The sp2 nanocarbon structures are quickly introduced, followed by a discussion on how this field evolved in the past decades. In sequence, their rather rich Raman spectra composed of many peaks induced by single- and multiple-resonance effects are introduced. The properties of the main Raman peaks are then described, including their dependence on both materials structure and external factors, like temperature, pressure, doping, and environmental effects. Recent applications that are pushing the technique limits, such as multitechnique approach and in situ nanomanipulation, are highlighted, ending with some challenges for new developments in this field.

Calibration Methods to Circumvent Unknown Component Spectra for Quantitative in situ Raman Monitoring of Co-Polymerisation Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Rusli ◽  
Pavan Kumar Naraharisetti ◽  
Wee Chew
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Monitoring ◽  
The Past ◽  
In Situ Raman ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Unknown Component

The use of Raman spectroscopy for reaction monitoring has been successfully applied over the past few decades. One complication in such usage is the applicability for quantitative reaction studies. This...

2D Self-assembly and Electronic Characterization of Oxygen-Boron-Oxygen-Doped Chiral Graphene Nanoribbons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Nerea Bilbao ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Xiao-Ye Wang ◽  
Soltani Paniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Quantum Confinement ◽  
Graphene Nanoribbons ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), quasi-one-dimensional strips of graphene, exhibit a nonzero bandgap due to quantum confinement and edge effects. In the past decade, different types of GNRs with atomically precise structures...

scholarly journals Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Henry Horst Mantsch
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Infrared And Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Meaningful Relationships

Biomedical vibrational spectroscopy has come of age. The past twenty years have brought many advancements and new developments and now its practitioners face a new challenge: artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has the capability to detect meaningful relationships in data sets such as those found in an infrared or Raman spectrum. The present narrative assesses the degree to which biomedical vibrational spectroscopy has already embraced artificial intelligence and what can be expected going forward. This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.

What the Shale are We Talking About!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besmir Buranaj Hoxha ◽  
Claudio Rabe
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
The Past ◽  
In Situ Stresses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drilling Cost

Abstract Shale ‘stability’ has been extensively studied the past few decades in an attempt to understand wellbore instability problems encountered while drilling. Drilling through shale is almost inevitable, it makes up 75 percent of sedimentary rocks. Shale tends to be characterized as having high in-situ stresses, fissile, laminated, with low permeability. However, not all shale are the same, and the problem herein lies where they are all treated as such, in which most cases, has shown to be ineffective. Ironically, shale is predominantly generalized as being "reactive/swelling". Even though this can be true, it is not always the case because not all shale is reactive! In reality, there are many different types of shale: ductile, brittle, carbonaceous, argillaceous, flysch, dispersive, kaolinitic, micro-fractured etc. This study aims to clear many misconceptions and define different types of shale (global case scenarios) and their failing mechanisms that lead to wellbore instability, formation damage and high drilling cost. Afterwards, solutions will be offered, from a filed operation perspective, which will provide guidelines for stabilizing various shale based on their failure mechanism. Furthermore, we will define the symptoms for shale instability and propose industry accepted remedies.

scholarly journals ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE MAXIMUM PROCESS

2009 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BELFADLI ◽  
S. HAMADÈNE ◽  
Y. OUKNINE
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Stochastic Differential Equations ◽  
Strong Solution ◽  
Pathwise Uniqueness ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uniqueness Results ◽  
Maximum Process ◽  
Different Types

We prove existence and pathwise uniqueness results for four different types of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) perturbed by the past maximum process and/or the local time at zero. Along the first three studies, the coefficients are no longer Lipschitz. The first type is the equation [Formula: see text] The second type is the equation [Formula: see text] The third type is the equation [Formula: see text] We end the paper by establishing the existence of strong solution and pathwise uniqueness, under Lipschitz condition, for the SDE [Formula: see text]

scholarly journals Resonance Raman spectroscopy in one-dimensional carbon materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred S. Dresselhaus ◽  
Ado Jorio ◽  
Marcos A. Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Raman Study ◽  
Double Wall

Brazil has played an important role in the development and use of resonance Raman spectroscopy as a powerful characterization tool for materials science. Here we present a short history of Raman scattering research in Brazil, highlighting the important contributions to the field coming from Brazilian researchers in the past. Next we discuss recent and important contributions where Brazil has become a worldwide leader, that is on the physics of quasi-one dimensional carbon nanotubes. We conclude this article by presenting results from a very recent resonance Raman study of exciting new materials, that are strictly one-dimensional carbon chains formed by the heat treatment of very pure double-wall carbon nanotube samples.

scholarly journals Nonequilibrium Aspects of Integrable Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Colin Rylands ◽  
Natan Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Integrable Models ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
New Developments ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nonequilibrium Phenomena

Driven by breakthroughs in experimental and theoretical techniques, the study of nonequilibrium quantum physics is a rapidly expanding field with many exciting new developments. Among the manifold ways the topic can be investigated, one-dimensional systems provide a particularly fine platform. The trifecta of strongly correlated physics, powerful theoretical techniques, and experimental viability have resulted in a flurry of research activity over the past decade or so. In this review, we explore the nonequilibrium aspects of one-dimensional systems that are integrable. Through a number of illustrative examples, we discuss nonequilibrium phenomena that arise in such models, the role played by integrability, and the consequences these have for more generic systems.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

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