scholarly journals Coconut Water: An Unexpected Source of Urinary Citrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan M. Patel ◽  
Pengbo Jiang ◽  
John Asplin ◽  
Ignacio Granja ◽  
Taylor Capretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Total Alkali ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Urinary Citrate

Purpose. Coconut water has long been touted for its medicinal qualities including natural hydration. We sought to determine whether its consumption would induce changes to urinary lithogenic factors beyond changes in urine volume. Materials and Methods. After Institutional Review Board approval, volunteers with no prior history of nephrolithiasis were recruited. Each participant was randomized initially to either the coconut water or the water phase of the study. Participants kept meticulous food and fluid intake logs during the first phase of the study and were asked to replicate that diet for the second phase. For each phase the participant consumed 2L of either Taste of Nirvana® pure coconut water or tap water daily for four days. Participants were not restricted to consume additional fluid of their choice during their assigned study phase. During days 3 and 4 of each phase the participant collected a 24-hour urine specimen. Coconut water citrate and malate content were measured and were used along with the beverage pH to calculate the total alkali content of the coconut water. Supersaturation levels were calculated using Equil2. Nonparametric paired analysis using the Wilcoxon test was performed for statistical analysis. Results. There were 4 adult male and 4 adult female participants. Each individual’s 24-hour urine collection had a creatinine excretion within 20% of the mean for each subject’s four samples corroborating that all samples were collected properly. The two samples from each phase for each individual were averaged. The coconut water itself was also analyzed and it was calculated to have a total alkali content of 13.8 mEq/L. Consumption of coconut water significantly increased urinary citrate (29%, p=0.02), urinary potassium (130%, p=0.01), and urinary chloride (37%, p=0.03), without affecting urine pH (p=0.16) or volume beyond that of tap water (p=1.00). Conclusions. Coconut water consumption increases urinary potassium, chloride, and citrate in nonstone forming individuals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira SOARES ◽  
Aletheia Moraes ROCHA ◽  
Manuella Verdinelli de Paula REIS ◽  
Camilla Christian Gomes MOURA ◽  
Carlos José SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Method

Abstract Objective This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF). Material and method Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (3) Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C4H11NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×104/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s and Dunnet’s test. Result There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05). Conclusion The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.

scholarly journals A Reusable Perfused Human Cadaver Model for Surgical Training: An Initial Proof of Concept Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M Held ◽  
Robert B McLendon ◽  
Christian S McEvoy ◽  
Travis M Polk
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Regional Perfusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Suture Repair ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Today’s surgical trainees have less exposure to open vascular and trauma procedures. Lightly embalmed cadavers may allow a reusable model that maximizes resources and allows for repeat surgical training over time. Methods This was a three-phased study that was conducted over several months. Segments of soft-embalmed cadaver vessels were harvested and perfused with tap water. To test durability, vessels were clamped, then an incision was made and repaired with 5-0 polypropylene. Tolerance to suturing and clamping was graded. In a second phase, both an arterial-synthetic graft and an arterial-venous anastomosis were performed and tested at 90 mmHg perfusion. In the final phase, lower extremity regional perfusion was performed and vascular control of a simulated injury was achieved. Results Seven arteries and six veins from four cadavers were explanted. All vessels accommodated suture repair over 6 weeks. There was minor leaking at all previous clamp sites. In the anastomotic phase, vessels tolerated grafting, clamping, and perfusion without tearing or leaking. Regional perfusion provided a life-like training scenario. Conclusions Explanted vessels of soft-embalmed cadavers show adequate durability over time with realistic vascular surgery handling characteristics. This shows promise as initial proof of concept for a reusable perfused cadaver model. Further study with serial regional and whole-body perfusion is warranted.

Consistency Of RQ-PCR Analysis Results In Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Samples In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Relevance From The Practical and Logistic Point Of View

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 2592-2592
Author(s):  
Giovanna Rege-Cambrin ◽  
Carmen Fava ◽  
Enrico Gottardi ◽  
Filomena Daraio ◽  
Emilia Giugliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cytogenetic Response ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Consensus has been achieved that standardized molecular quantitative analysis (RQ-PCR) on peripheral blood (PB) is a suitable method for monitoring residual disease in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, BM is still obtained at specific timepoints, and in a number of cases, only bone marrow (BM) sample collected for cytogenetic analysis is available. Being one of the laboratory involved in the standardization process of molecular monitoring for CML patients, we decided to perform a comparative analysis of BM and PB samples in order to evaluate the consistency of the results. Methods Between March 2009 and January 2013, 230 consecutive RQ-PCR tests to assess BCR-ABL transcript levels from simultaneously collected PB and BM samples were performed (for a total of 460 analysis) on 77 patients affected by Ph+ CML in chronic phase treated in our center. All samples were analyzed in the same laboratory following international guidelines (Cross N, Leukemia 2012) and results were expressed according to the International Scale; ABL1 was used as control gene. Time from blood-drawn to processing was within 3-4 hours. Results Among the 230 pairs, 3 were considered as not evaluable because of inadequate material; for the purpose of this study, the remaining 227 pairs were considered as “evaluable”. 204 pairs were classified as “fit” when both BM and PB ABL amplification resulted in more than 10.000 copies; 23 pairs were considered unfit for ABL1 <10.000 in either one of the two samples (21) or both (2). The mean number of ABL1 copies in all evaluable samples was 35.639 for BM (SD 21.465) and 30.958 for PB samples (SD 18.696). Correlation analysis was performed on the whole population and in 4 subgroups: No Complete Cytogenetic Response (CCyR, 22%), CCyR without Major Molecular Response (MMR), (21.6%), CCyR with MMR (excluding patients with MR4 or better,19.8%), and CCyR with MR4 – MR4.5 (32,6%). Cytogenetic response was not available in 9 BM samples (4%), not included in the subgroup analysis. Spearman correlation of BCR/ABL ratio values between PB versus BM paired samples resulted in a statistically significant correlation in all groups, both for evaluable and fit pairs. Correlation was stronger in samples that were not in MMR or better (table 1 and figure 1). The Wilcoxon test showed that the mean difference of BCR/ABL values between paired PB and BM samples was not significantly different from zero (in evaluable and fit pairs by considering the whole population). Concordance was further analyzed by the K test which resulted in a coefficient equal to 0.627, corresponding to a notable degree of concordance. For patients in CCyR, agreement on classification of response (MMR, MR4, MR4.5) between paired PB and BM samples was observed in 125/168 evaluable pairs; 22 out of the 43 evaluable cases of disagreement were due to technical failures (in 10 BM and 12 PB samples). In 14 of the remaining 21 cases, PB was more sensitive. Conclusions In a single center experience of molecular analysis, BCR/ABL ratio was highly consistent in BM and PB samples. In less than 10% of the cases a single test did not reach the required sensitivity of 10.000 ABL copies and the double testing allowed to obtain a valid result. This may be especially valuable in evaluating an early response (i.e. at 3 months), when the amount of disease has prognostic relevance. The analysis will be expanded to include samples coming from different centers to evaluate a possible role of timing and transport on data consistency. Disclosures: Saglio: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; ARIAD: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria.

scholarly journals Craniometric variation among Brazilian and Scottish populations: a physical anthropology approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Thais Torralbo Lopez-Capp ◽  
Christopher Rynn ◽  
Caroline Wilkinson ◽  
Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva ◽  
Edgard Michel-Crosato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Craniometric Variation ◽  
Ramus Height

Aim: The present investigation intended to compare the craniometric variations of two samples of different nationalities (Brazilian and Scottish). Materials and methods: The Brazilian sample consisted of 100 modern complete skulls, including 53 female skulls and 47 male skulls, and the Scottish sample consisted of 100 historical skulls (61 males, 39 females) and 36 mandibles (24 males, 12 females). The cranial measurement protocol was composed of 40 measurements, 11 bilateral and 29 unilateral, and the measurement protocol of the mandible was composed of 15 measurements, with six that were bilateral and nine that were unique. The comparative analysis of the metric variability between the two samples was performed using the means and medians analysis, the t-test, the Wilcoxon test, and the coefficient of variance, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that, among the 72 analysed variables, 44 measurements (61.11%) presented statistical differences between the samples. The Scottish skull tends to have a cranial length (GOL diff=5.53), breadth (XCB diff=3.78) and height (NPH diff=5.33) greater than the Brazilian skulls, and the Scottish mandibles tend to show a higher mandibular ramus height (MRH diff=9.25), a higher mandibular body height (HMB diff=6.37) and a larger bigonial breadth (BGB diff=5.29) than the Brazilians. The discriminant analysis of the 51 cranial measurements and 21 mandibular measurements showed a variation of the percentage of accuracy between 46.3-83.8%. Conclusion: The metric analysis demonstrated that there is variability between the two samples studied (61,11%), but a concrete cause cannot be determined considering the multifactorial aspects of the variations of form and size.

scholarly journals The sociobiological development and arousal of implicit motives: The emergence of a growth-and-prune model of motive development and the continued linkage of hormones and motives throughout the life span

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Köllner ◽  
Kevin Janson
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Implicit Motives ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Prenatal Hormones ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Power Motive ◽  
Affiliation Motivation

Background: Research points to three groups of interrelationships of hormones with implicit motives. The first two are organizational: First, prenatal hormones (e.g., testosterone) may provide a biological basis for initial development of the implicit power motive (and probably other motives), as the 2D:4D ratio was associated with this motive in three samples when considering activity inhibition, a marker for functional right-hemispheric brain lateralization. After this biological basis has been pruned to varying degrees by parental demands in early childhood, a second organizational phase seems to modulate implicit motives: The interaction between the power motive and activity inhibition was also related to facial width-to-height ratio, a likely marker of pubertal testosterone, when aggregating two samples. We speculate that after this second phase, peers further trim the power motive to varying degrees. The third pathway is activational and its strength may depend on the outcomes of the two organizational phases: For example, higher progesterone around ovulation entails higher affiliation motivation in the luteal phase and testosterone responses after winning or losing dominance contests are scaled by power motive strength. Conclusions: We propose a tentative life-span model of the relationship between steroid hormones and implicit motives in which two growth-and-prune phases lay the foundation for arousal effects later in life. Future research may corroborate this model via (1) testing the associations of motives with organizational hormone effects using other markers like anogenital distance, (2) exploring social influences on motive development during adolescence, and (3) including saliva sampling in all studies involving motive arousal.

Abstract 226: Impact of Reporting Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Examination Duration on the Total Scan Time: A Tertiary Academic Health Care Hospital Experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manavjot S Sidhu ◽  
Heidi Lumish ◽  
Shanmugam Uthamalingam ◽  
Leif-Christopher Engel ◽  
Mannudeep Kalra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Scan Time ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Time Allotment

Background: The core components of a quality improvement (QI) program focus on consistent, high-quality service delivery. We report our experience with a QI program focused on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination duration reduction. Methods: Department policy for the scan time allotment for a clinical CMR examination was reviewed. Medical records of all patients who underwent CMR examination from January 2010 to December 2010 were reviewed. Scan duration from time of the initial to the final image acquisition was recorded. An intervention was implemented from January 2011 to September 2011 to report the scan durations weekly to all CMR physicians. Monthly comparisons were performed between the 2010 and 2011 exams. No changes were made in department protocols. Results: The allotted time for a CMR examination was 90 minutes. From January to September 2010, the mean (±SD) scan duration for CMR examinations was 105 (± 32) minutes, as compared with a mean of 87 (±21) minutes for the same months in 2011. Comparison between the 2010 and 2011 scan durations using a Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference between the two samples (p<0.05; Figure 1). The percentage of all scans exceeding 120 minutes in duration decreased from 27.4% (n=529) in 2010 to 5.3% (n=451) in 2011. The indications for CMR examinations were found to be similar between 2011 and 2010 (p<0.05). All exams were reported to be of diagnostic quality. Conclusions: The simple step of publicly reporting weekly scan durations to house staff and attending physicians resulted in significant reduction in CMR scan durations, with preserved diagnostic quality. We propose that increased awareness led to higher efficiency.

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