scholarly journals Strength of Hollow Compressed Stabilized Earth-Block Masonry Prisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xinlei Yang ◽  
Hailiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Strength Gain ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Ecological Building ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Earth represents an ecological building material that is thought to reduce the carbon footprint at a point in its life cycle. However, it is very important to eliminate the undesirable properties of soil in an environmentally friendly way. Cement-stabilized rammed earth, as a building material, has gradually gained popularity due to its higher and faster strength gain, durability, and availability with a low percentage of cement. This paper covers a detailed study of hollow compressed cement-stabilized earth-block masonry prisms to establish the strength properties of hollow compressed cement-stabilized earth-block masonry. The test results for masonry prisms constructed with hollow compressed cement-stabilized blocks with two different strength grades and two earth mortars with different strengths are discussed.

Waste Clay as a Green Building Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Russell ◽  
Jana Buchter
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Block

Two of the primary waste components of the Phosphates benefaction process, sand and clay have been used as building materials for thousands of years. A process known as rammed earth has been used extensively around the world in buildings that have lasted for centuries. Because earth is the main ingredient in rammed earth it has recently enjoyed new popularity as a so called “green” building material. In a similar process earth is compressed into blocks which are then used in the same way as conventional masonry units to build walls. In the compressed earth block [CEB] method, individual units can be manufactured and stockpiled for later use rather than being fabricated on site as in the rammed earth process. This research project will investigate the potential use of waste clay and tailing sand from the phosphate benefaction process as the primary ingredients in compressed earth blocks for commercial and residential construction projects.

scholarly journals An Innovative Approach to Produce Soil-Based Building Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
S. N. Malkanthi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Building Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Earth Block

Soil has been used as a building material in different forms, such as mud, adobe, rammed earth, and bricks. Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB), a form of soil blocks with different additives including cement, fly ash, and lime, is a sustainable building material with many advantages compared to other conventional building materials. The usual practice of past researchers in producing CSEB was to add different materials like sand to the soil to control its clay and silt (finer) content. A high level of finer content is not desirable when it comes to the strength and durability of CSEB. This study proposes to reduce/ extract the finer content in the soil by washing it using a conventional concrete mixing machine.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sishen Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bike Share

Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

scholarly journals Absorption and Strength Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
George Abdel-Sayed ◽  
Nataliya Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Entrapped Air ◽  
Short Carbon

This paper presents the water absorption and strength properties of short carbon fiber reinforced mortar (CFRM) composite. Four CFRM composites with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% short pitch-based carbon fibers were produced in this study. Normal Portland cement mortar (NCPM) was also prepared for use as the control mortar. The freshly mixed mortar composites were tested for workability, wet density, and entrapped air content. In addition, the hardened mortar composites were examined for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption at the ages of 7 and 28 days. The effects of different carbon fiber contents on the tested properties were observed. Test results showed that the incorporation of carbon fibers decreased the workability and wet density, but increased the entrapped air content in mortar composite. Most interestingly, the compressive strength of CFRM composite increased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it declined significantly for 4% fiber content, depending on the workability and compaction of the mortar. In contrast, the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the CFRM composite increased for all fiber contents due to the greater cracking resistance and improved bond strength of the carbon fibers in the mortar. The presence of short pitch-based carbon fibers significantly strengthened the mortar by bridging the microcracks, resisting the propagation of these minute cracks, and impeding the growth of macrocracks. Furthermore, the water absorption of CFRM composite decreased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it increased substantially for 4% fiber content, depending on the entrapped air content of the mortar. The overall test results suggest that the mortar with 3% carbon fibers is the optimum CFRM composite based on the tested properties.

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