Electroplating of Indium-Cadmium and Tin-Cadmium Alloy Coatings

Technological parameters for electroplating cadmium alloy (Cd (24)-In and Cd (33)-Sn) coatings from low toxic solutions have been proposed. Since the fabricated alloy coatings possess low internal stress and microhardness, good adhesion property, high corrosion and wear resistance, they can be used as protective coatings for machine building products to enhance reliability and operability thereof. The presence of good solderability and low values of transient electric resistance in climatic testing favor these coatings to be applied in hetero-structured contact systems of instrument making products for increasing their reliability and operability in a tropical marine climate.

An Innovative Approach to Produce Soil-Based Building Products

Soil has been used as a building material in different forms, such as mud, adobe, rammed earth, and bricks. Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB), a form of soil blocks with different additives including cement, fly ash, and lime, is a sustainable building material with many advantages compared to other conventional building materials. The usual practice of past researchers in producing CSEB was to add different materials like sand to the soil to control its clay and silt (finer) content. A high level of finer content is not desirable when it comes to the strength and durability of CSEB. This study proposes to reduce/ extract the finer content in the soil by washing it using a conventional concrete mixing machine.

A Systematic Review of HPM Energy Absorbers for Building Applications

A modern weapon, high power microwave (HPM) pulses, can have a profound effect on the quality of functioning of society as the use of this weapon can result in damage to or destruction of electronic equipment and computer and telecommunications systems, both military and civilian. Protection against the energy of HPM pulses can be achieved in two basic ways: by using radiation-absorbent materials (RAM) or artificial electromagnetic (EM) structures. If the object to be protected is a building, protection based on RAM is used. Hence, this literature review focuses on the possibilities of using HPM energy absorbers in building products and structures. Attention is concentrated on four basic types of elements: claddings, concrete and mortar, small-sized elements (bricks, hollow masonry units), and paint coatings. In each of the categories, examples of HPM radiation absorbers having a high potential to be combined with basic construction materials are given on the basis of the literature on the subject.

Air Phthalate Emitted from Flooring Building Material by the Micro-Chamber Method: Two-Stage Emission Evaluation and Comparison

The phthalate and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are modern chemical substances and extensively existing in the indoor environment. The European Commission stipulated the “European Unified Test Criteria”, since 2011, for the declared specifications of building products (CEN/TS 16516), based on the “lowest concentrations of interest (LCI)”, the index pollutants, test method, and emission standard of “phthalate” and “SVOC” were specified in detail. The purpose of this study is to use six common indoor floor construction products in Taiwan (regenerated pseudoplastic rubber flooring, healthy pseudoplastic imitation wood floor, regenerated pseudoplastic rubber flooring, PVC floor tile/floor, plastic click floor, composite floor covered with carpet) to detect the changes in the concentration of phthalate emitted to the air. The ISO 16000-25 Indoor air—Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products—micro-chamber method is used to build a DS-BMEMC (glass micro-chamber: volume 630 mL), the SVOC, including phthalate, is collected in two stages, in the stable conditions of temperature 25 °C, relative humidity 50% and air change rate 2 times/h, the Stage 1 emission detection experiment (24 h) is performed, and then the Stage 2 heating-up desorption emission detection experiment (40 min air sampling) is performed, the temperature rises to 200–220 °C, the phthalate and SVOC adsorbed on the glass micro-chamber is desorbed at a high temperature to catch the air substances, the air is caught by Tenax®—TA and Florisil® adsorption tube, and then the GC/MS and LC/MSMS analysis methods are used for qualitative and emission concentration analyses of SVOC of two-stage emission, respectively. The findings show that the floor construction materials emit nine phthalate SVOCs: DEHP, DINP, DNOP, DIDP, BBP, DBP, DIBP, DEP, and DMP, the two-stage emission concentrations are different, Stage 1 (normal temperature) emission concentration of six floor construction materials is 0.01–1.2% of Stage 2 (high temperature) emission concentration, meaning the phthalate SVOC of floor construction materials is unlikely to be volatilized or emitted at normal temperature. An interesting finding is that only S3 was detected DINP 72.6 (μg/m3) in stage 1. Others were detected DINP in stage 2. This might be because S3 has carpet on the surface. This implies that floor material with carpet may have an emission of DINP at normal temperature. The result of this study refers to the limited value evaluation of EU structural material standard emission TSVOC ≤ 0.1 ug/m3, the floor building material emissions are much higher than the evaluation criteria, increasing the health risk of users. The detection method and baseline can be used as the standard for controlling the emission of phthalate SVOC of Taiwan’s green building material labeling system in the future.

Innovational Construction Materials of LLP “EcostroyNII-PV” Production

The article discusses the experience of recycling industrial waste from the electric power industry and metallurgy. Based on the experience of Ecostroy NII-PV LLP. The proposed technology for manufacturing building products from ash and slag waste provides innovative compositions of raw mixtures. What provides an increase in operational characteristics and labor productivity in construction. The applied technology, in comparison with the existing analogues, provides for the use of local waste (ash and slag waste from the combustion of Ekibastuz coal, bauxite sludge from the Pavlodar aluminum plant, steel-making slags), differing in chemical and granulometric composition. as well as binding properties from other analogs and prototypes. In the manufacture of building products introduced mixture, including, wt %: slag Portland cement - 14.32-17.00; sand - 18.74-25.52, crushed stone - 46.50-49.71, sludge from alumina production obtained during the recycling of bauxite from Kazakhstan - 5-7; self-disintegrating steelmaking slag - 5-7; ash and slag waste from thermal power plants from burning Ekibastuz coals - 5-7. According to the test results, the average tensile strength of building products (paving slabs, curbs, hollow bricks) is 3.2 - 3.8 MPa (strength class V2.5).

Remanufacturing: strategies to enhance the life extension of short-cycle building products

This essay explores the issues of reuse and remanufacturing in the construction sector, considered to be key strategies for circularity and value conservation, based on the extension of product life through multiple use cycles. The main levers for boosting the logic of reuse and remanufacturing are investigated, as well as the major barriers that hinder their spread. In particular, the focus is on the components coming from the renovation of tertiary buildings (offices, accommodation, exhibitions, retail), characterised by short use cycles. These components are the most suitable for innovative remanufacturing experiments, since they are distinguished by high economic value and high residual performance after the replacement process.

FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY OF PANEL WOOD CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS FOR JOINT-BUILDING PRODUCTS AND FURNITURE

Each industrial enterprise, in order to increase the competitiveness of its products, must ensure such quality indicators as dimensional stability and maintainability during the entire warranty period. In practice, these indicators are ensured by observing the design rules. This problem is especially relevant in the design of joinery and construction and furniture products operated in variable climatic conditions. The purpose of the study was to establish the optimal technological chains for the production of re-adhesive structural elements; find the optimal sizes of lamellas, plots and assembly units for gluing; substantiate the expediency of veneering the glued elements with sawn veneer; design of products as a whole without the use of spikes and glue. All studies were carried out in real production conditions: at LLC Firm "Caucasian Forest", Republic of Adygea, Maikop district, settlement Tulsky and LLC HC "Mebel Chernozemya ", Voronezh. It is clear from the studies carried out that the technology of re-glued blanks allows several times to reduce warpage and increase the dimensional stability of structural elements; veneering operation allows rational use of low-grade wood in production