scholarly journals Species Composition, Diversity, and Habitat Association of Medium- and Large-Sized Mammals in Chimit-Kolla, Abay Gorge, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mengistu Wale ◽  
Mesele Yihune
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Papio Anubis

Identifying the species distribution, diversity, and habitat association provides input to launch proper conservation interventions. A survey of medium- and large-sized mammal species was conducted in Chimit-Kolla area to assess their distribution, diversity, and relative abundance in November 2019 to September 2020. Line transect sampling and focus group discussions were used for data collection. Shannon diversity index and Sorenson’s coefficient were used to compute the diversity and habitat utilization of species. The association of species among habitats was tested using the chi-squared test. In the survey, 18 species of medium- and large-sized mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla (7 species), Carnivora (6 species), Rodentia (1 species), Primates (3 species) and Tubulidentata (1 species) were recorded. The association of mammalian species among the three habitats was not significant ( p > 0.05 ). However, the abundance of mammal species was significantly associated with forest habitats ( p < 0.05 ). There was a significant variation in abundance of medium- and large-sized mammal species observed in the dry season (157, 57.5%) as compared to the wet season (116, 42.5%) (χ2 = 6.17, df = 1, and p = 0.013 ). The most abundant species was olive baboon (Papio anubis), followed by grivet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) and crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata). While leopard (Panthera pardus), white-tailed mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda), and aardvark (Orycteropus afer) were the rarest mammalian species recorded. Forest habitat has the highest species diversity (H’ = 2.276) than riverine vegetation and wooded grassland. Mammal species showed a considerable similarity among habitats, and the highest similarity was recorded between forest and wooded grassland (S = 0.8). The study area relatively has considerable numbers of medium- and large-sized mammal species, and urgent conservation action is required to reduce the emerging threats (hunting, charcoal production, agriculture, and investment expansion) and ensure survival of mammal species.

scholarly journals Large Mammal Diversity and Endemism at Geremba Mountain Fragment, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerubabel Worku ◽  
Zerihun Girma
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Significant Difference

Outside protected areas in Ethiopia, there is a lack of information concerning mammalian diversity and ecology. Consequently, the findings of the research on large mammals at Geremba Mountain constitute one of the steps towards a continuing effort to document the diversity and distribution of Ethiopian mammals. The survey was conducted to investigate the species composition, relative abundance, and population structure of large mammals at Geremba Mountain fragment from August 2017 to February 2018, covering both dry and wet seasons. Direct (sighting) and indirect (scat) survey techniques were employed using systematically established transect lines and sampling plots, respectively. Transects and plots were established across three dominant habitat types (modified dry ever green Afromontane forest, alpine bamboo forest, and Erica scrubland). A total of 10 large mammal species were recorded including two endemic mammals, namely, Chlorocebus djamdjamensis and Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki. There was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of species among habitat types at Geremba Mountain. The highest diversity index was recorded in the alpine bamboo forest habitat (D = 7.142, H′ = 2.052), and the Erica scrubland had the lowest. Papio anubis was the most abundant species while Felis serval was the least abundant species. The populations of most of the species were characterized by more adult and more female individuals. However, promising young individuals of the endemic mammals (C. djamdjamensis and T. s. meneliki) and Papio anubis were recorded. The mountain fragment is an isolated island that is totally disconnected with other fragments in the region, so attempts should be made to connect the fragment with other fragments using wildlife corridors.

scholarly journals Birds species composition and abundance of a relativelly undisturbed vegetation at Mount Pati, Lokoja, Kogi State

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Dauda Tanko ◽  
Rita Chinweuba
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Avifauna of a relatively undisturbed vegetation at Mount Patti of Lokoja was surveyed from January to June, 2018. Line transect and point count techniques were used for data collection. This was done by weekly visits to the site between 6:00 h and 10:00 h of the day. Bird identification was done with the aid of a pair of binoculars, Field Guide of birds of western Africa and recorded bird calls. Monthly variation and season variation in bird composition and abundance were compared using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and equitability index. There were 39 species in 21 families encountered during the survey. The Family Nectarinidae had the highest number of 5 species, followed by Columbidae and Estrildidae with 4 species each. A total of 1,148 individuals were encountered during the six months survey with village weaver having the highest encountered rate of 107 while yellow-throated Long-claw had the least encountered rate of 4 individuals. Fluctuation was observed in the monthly encountered rate of the birds. Diversity and equitability indices had their highest values of 5.24 and 1.51 in January. More birds (696) were encountered in the wet season than the dry season (452). Four species were seen only in the wet season. Species effort curve showed that there are more species to be discover. The number of species encountered in this study revealed that the mountain is rich composition of bird species, even though the site seems to favour species that show preference to disturbed areas. The on-going anthropogenic activities probably paved way to these species to move in. Monthly and seasonal fluctuation of bird species diversity and abundance may be due to a combination of physical and biological factors. The physical and biological factors observed at the site which we speculate could be reasons for the observed fluctuations include slash and burnt system of farming, fuel-wood harvesting, intensive sporting activities creation of foot paths etc. High encountered rate indicate abundance and high activity level of the species. The village weaver was the most encountered species probably because they are known to be lousy, move in flocks and breed in colonies. In view of the rich composition and abundance of bird species on Mount Patti and the site being a suitable breeding site for the weavers. We recommend further study of the place as there are yet more species to be discovered as indicated by the species effort curve. There is need for conservation procedures to be initiated at the place and this study should serve as a baseline to initiate such programme by the state government.

scholarly journals Avian Communities of a Mixed Mopane-Acacia Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, North-Central Namibia, During the Dry and Wet Season

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
North Central ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Abstract Studies were conducted by means of the Line Transect Method in late rainy season (March), in the middle of dry season (July) and at beginning of rainy season (November).Th e total length of all transects was c. 11 km. In total, 70 resident and 13 nonresidentspecies were recorded. Th e number of species in dry season was significantly lower than in rainy season (x2-test: 14.1; p < 0.01). Th e highly significant seasonal differences in abundance were recorded for the following species: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Cisticola juncidis, Upupa africana, Cynniris mariquensis, and Numida meleagris. In overall, five species have been classified as dominants: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Plocepasser mahali and Cypsiurus parvus. They comprised together 43.9 %. Significant variations in the dominance structure between the wet and dry season have been evidenced. Granivores were much more numerous in the dry than in the wet season, while for the insectivores the reverse was true. Although Sorensen Coefficient was much the same between all three seasons, the Shannon’s Diversity Index was lower in July than in March and November.

scholarly journals The Diversity of Fish Species, Composition and Abundance from Bodna River in Kwali Area Council, Abuja.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
B M Sani ◽  
R T Idowu ◽  
A H Banyigyi
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Fisheries Sustainability ◽  
Fish Species Composition

The Diversity of fish species, composition and abundance from Bodna River in Kwali Area Council, Abuja was studied between May 2018 to April 2019.The aim of the study was to determine the management and sustainable use of the fisheries resources of the Area council. About 1331 fish were collected from the artisanal fishermen during the study period and morphometric indices were determined using standard methods. The fish were identified and counted. Sex ratio 1:2:1 (Males to Females) was obtained indicating a male dominated population. Length –weight measurement indicated that the fish exhibited positive allometric growth pattern. The highest percentage abundant species in the site were Oreochromis niloticus with 34.8% Clarias garienpinus with 28.0% and Pellonula leonensis with 17.6% and the least occurring species were Nannocharax shariensis with 11.0% Mormyrus valenciensis with 7.7%. The seasonal variation of fish distribution was observed to be higher in the wet season with 66.2% than the dry season. Nutrient displayed greater impact on fish abundance in the wet season. The Simpson and Shannon Weiner’s diversity index values were (0.976) and (-1.456) in both richness and evenness respectively. The findings of the study could be helpful to the artisanal fishermen and the community for fisheries sustainability.

scholarly journals Diversidad, abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de mamíferos medianos y grandes en una selva seca del Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malinalli Cortés-Marcial ◽  
Miguel Briones-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

<p>The use of camera traps and mammal track search are complementary methods to monitoring species of which is not well documented their natural history, as in the case of medium and large mammals. To ensure its conservation and good management, it is necessary to generate information about the structure of the community and their populations. The objective of the present study was to estimate the diversity, relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in a tropical deciduous forest located in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Samplings were conducted in three month intervals, from September 2011 to May 2013. We used photographic-sampling and track search, two complementary sampling methods. For photographic-sampling, 12 camera traps were placed covering an area of 60km<sup>2</sup>, while for the tracks search a monthly tour of four line-transect surveys of three kilometers length each was undertaken. We obtained a total of 344 pictures with 5 292 trap-days total sampling effort; in addition, 187 track records in a total of 144km. With both methods we registered 21 species of mammals, in 13 families and seven orders, and five species resulted in new records to the area. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener obtained with the method of tracks was H´=2.41, while the most abundant species were <em>Urocyon cinereoargenteus</em> (IAR=0.23) and <em>Pecari tajacu</em> (IAR=0.20). By the method of trap the most abundant species were <em>P. tajacu</em> (IAR=2.62) and <em>Nasua narica</em> (IAR=1.22). In terms of patterns of activity <em>P. tajacu</em>, <em>N. narica</em> and <em>Odocoileus virginianus</em> were primarily diurnal species; <em>Canis latrans</em> and <em>Leopardus pardalis</em> did not show preference for any schedule in particular, and <em>Didelphis virginiana</em> and <em>Dasypus novemcinctus</em> preferred to have nocturnal activity. This information can be of help to the creation of programs of management and conservation of mammals of medium and large in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México.</p>

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND HABITAT OF MAMMALS IN MANDALAWANGI RESORT OF MOUNT GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Tun Susdiyanti ◽  
Ken Dara Cita ◽  
Annisa Izzatin Widawardani Kusno
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Mammal Diversity

Distribution pattern and habitat quality of mammals is essential to keep the existing of mammals which depends on interactions between its intrinsic evolutionary and ecological system. Mandalawangi Resort aside from being a conservation area, it is also a tourist area. Tourism activities carried out in the region, will directly and indirectly affect the sustainability of mammal diversity. The benefits of mammals are to stabilize the food chain, the spread of plant seeds, as an object of research and education. The study aims to determine  the distribution patterns and habitat of mammals in Mandalawangi Resort . Research on mammal diversity was carried out using 4 methods: rapid assessment, line transect, animal footprint. Habitat data obtained using vegetation analysis and field observation methods. The diversity of mammals in the Mandawalangi Resort consists of 7 types of mammals from 6 families, namely kekes squirrel (Tupaia javanica), langur (Trachypithecus auratus), wild cats (Felis domesticus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), leopard (Panthera pardus melas) , civet mongoose (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and house gutters (Suncus murinus). Species wealth index is low (0.50). The diversity index of mammals is included in the low diversity category (0.25). The highest level of mammal species meeting is kekes squirrel (Tupaia javanica) with a value of 29.4%. Evenness index is included in the unstable community category (0.15). Mammalian habitat is divided into tropical rain forests and open land with dominating trees namely Damar (Agathis damara) and Rasamala (Altingia excelsa).

scholarly journals Terrestrial Medium and Large-Sized Mammalian Species Diversity in Michole Community Protected Forest, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Agebo ◽  
Wondimagegnehu Tekalign
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Riverine Forest ◽  
Scattered Trees

Abstract Study on medium and large size mammalian species diversity and distribution is important for conservation efforts in the different protected areas of Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess the species diversity of medium and large-sized mammalian fauna between October 2019 and July 2020 in Michole Community Protected Forest, southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted by stratification of the study area into three habitat types riverine forest (3.37 km2), woodland (4.14 km2), and grassland with scattered trees (2.33 km2) based on the vegetation cover. A diurnal transect survey method was implemented to record the mammalian species diversity. A total of 18 representative sample transect lines (six in riverine forest, four in grassland with scattered trees, and eight in the woodland habitats) which varied in length and width were used. A total of 17 species of medium and large-sized mammalian species were identified and recorded in the study area. Accordingly, order Carnivora and Primates constitutes a large proportion of abundance, while order Lagomorpha was the least. Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) was the most abundant species (15.14%) followed by Spotted hyena (12.98%), Porcupine (12.51%), Vervet monkey (10.35%), Common duiker (8.80%), and Giant root-rat (8.65%). The distributions of mammals among the three habitat types were comparable. Riverine forest harbored the highest mammalian diversity index (H’=2.35) followed by the woodland (H’=2.32), and the grassland with scattered trees (H’=2.30), respectively. The greatest species similarity was recorded in woodland (0.902). The study area harbors considerable mammalian species that are threatened by interacting anthropogenic factors. So, urgent conservation measures by concerned sectors are needed to safeguard these animals and their habitat.

scholarly journals Abundance, Diversity, and Distribution of Primates at Welel Mountain, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Diriba Fufa ◽  
Dereje Yazezew ◽  
Gezahegn Degefe ◽  
Sibhatu Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The Status ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Primates are the mammals of the order Primate that is characterized by advanced development of binocular vision and enlargement of the cerebral hemispheres. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance, diversity, and distribution of primates on Welel Mountain. From August 2017 to February 2018, we collected data from different parts of Welel Mountain during wet and dry seasons of the year and analyzed them using SPSS version 20. We identified four primate species: Chlorocebus aethiops, Cercopithecus mitis, Papio anubis, and Colobus guereza. We conducted t-test analysis for abundance and distribution of primates in wet and dry season of the year, and the P value obtained was 0.20. The mean percentages of primates in forest, woodland, and shrubs were 43.16%, 32.26%, and 24.58%, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) value was higher in wet season than in dry season. The current study showed that the species are distributed more evenly in wet season than in dry season, and the number of young individuals is more than that of adults. This indicates that currently the status of primates population on Welel Mountain is good. Therefore, to keep the status of primates in the study area effective, wildlife management and conservation policy should be formulated.

scholarly journals Mammals recorded in isolated remnants of Atlantic Forest in southern Goiás, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Analice Calaça ◽  
Marluci Fachi ◽  
Diego Afonso Silva ◽  
Seixas Rezende Oliveira ◽  
Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Cerrado Savanna

Abstract: Habitat fragmentation is one of the principal causes of the decline of species worldwide, and the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado savanna biomes are among the most severely affected by this process. While highly fragmented, remnants of Atlantic Forest can still be found within the Cerrado domain of southern Goiás, where previous studies have revealed high levels of biodiversity. To inventory the mammalian species that occur in the region, two fragments of semideciduous Atlantic Forest were sampled between 2011 and 2016, using line transect surveys and camera trapping. A total of 1016 records were obtained of 30 mammal species, of which eleven are under some threat of extinction. The species richness recorded on this study was similar to or higher than the values reported from other areas of Goiás, which reinforces the importance of the maintenance of these remnants, located in private properties, for the conservation of the region's mammals.

scholarly journals Diversity of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Cerrado biome of the southern of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus H. Simões ◽  
Mariana D. Cuozzo ◽  
Fernando A. Frieiro-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Made In

An inventory of social wasps in Cerrado biome of the southern of the state of Minas Gerais was performed. A comparison between field and Riparian Forest areas was made in relation to species richness; correlations between diversity, sample methods and environmental factors were conducted. A total of 32 species was registered and Polybia fastidiosuscula de Saussure, 1854 was the most abundant species. The higher richness was in the Cerrado Field, as well as the highest diversity index. The temperature and rainfall had significant correlation with species richness and a significant variation in richness between dry and wet seasons was observed. Polybia fastidiosuscula was more abundant in the Riparian Forest during the dry season and in the Cerrado Field during wet season. The study area showed a great diversity of social wasps, with record both widely distributed species such as rare species, which indicates the quality and potential area for future studies.

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