Differential chemotactic responses of two plant-parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis, to some inorganic ions

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Quénéhervé ◽  
Ronan Le Saux
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractThe orientation of juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis was studied in salt gradients created in a linear agarose gel. Twelve combinations of calcium, potassium, sodium or ammonium cations and chloride, nitrate or sulphate anions were tested. The orientation of juveniles of M. incognita was induced by the constitutive cation of the salt, e.g., calcium salts had no effect while the other salts and especially ammonium salts and ammonium nitrate were strongly repellent. In contrast, the orientation of juveniles of R. reniformis was induced by the constitutive anion of the salt, e.g., chloride salts were found to be repellent while sulphate and nitrate salts were attractive. These results are discussed as possible novel control strategies for economically important plant parasitic nematodes. In other respects, these differences in chemical preferences may partly explain the observed geographical distribution of these nematode species according to the ionic content of the soils.

Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Plantain (Musa acuminata x M. balbisiana, AAB) in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
D. Oramas ◽  
J. Román
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A survey was conducted through the five argricultural regions of Puerto Rico to determine distribution and population density of the nematode species associated with plantain. Fourteen genera, represented by 19 species of phytoparasitic nematodes were found in association with the crop: Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, longidorus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Pseudhalenchus, Quinisulcius, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus, and Xiphinema. Meloidogyne incognita, Helicotylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis were the most widely distributed nematode species throughout the Island. On the other hand, M. incognita, P. coffeae, R. similis, Helicotylenchus spp. , and R. reniformis had higher population densities.

scholarly journals ROOT-KNOT AND LESION NEMATODES IN COFFEE SEEDLINGS PRODUCED IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian César Terra ◽  
Júlio Carlos Pereira da Silva ◽  
Vicente Paulo Campos ◽  
Sônia Maria De Lima Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

<p>Understanding the mechanisms of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) dispersion is vital to improve control strategies aiming to restrict dissemination of these plant parasites. In the present work, we evaluated the presence of PPN in Arabic coffee (<em>Coffea arabica</em>) seedlings produced in commercial nurseries in Minas Gerais, state, Brazil. A total of 2830 samples obtained from 318 coffee nurseries, in 84 counties within the South and Zona da Mata regions in Minas Gerais, Brazil and representing more than 62 million coffee seedlings, were analyzed. <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. was identified in 11 samples from four counties. <em>Pratylenchus spp</em>. and <em>Rotylenchulus reniformis</em> were detected in 281 and 47 samples, respectively. According to the Regulatory Instruction N° 35 from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), in Brazil, coffee seedlings infected by <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. are prohibited for commercialization and/or planting. However, such restrictions do not apply to other PPN. Therefore, seedlings sold in Minas Gerais may constitute sources of dissemination for root-lesion nematodes (<em>Pratylenchus</em> spp.) and the reniform nematode (<em>R. reniformis</em>).</p>

scholarly journals Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Cotton in Nuh and Palwal Districts of Haryana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 044-048
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
◽  
Prakash Banakar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Duggal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Important Parasite

An extensive survey was conducted to assess the frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Haryana (Nuh and Palwal districts) during 2018-20. Based on incidence, population density and associated damage on affected crops, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was considered to be the most important parasite of the crops under local condition. During 2018-19, a total of 11 soil and root samples of cotton were collected from Nuh and Palwal districts. Out of these, eight were found infected with M. incognita with 72.0% frequency of occurrence. The results revealed that out of 7 samples (Nuh), five were found infested with M. incognita with 71.4% frequency of occurrence. In Palwal district, this nematode had 75.0% frequency of occurrence with density range of 60-300 j2 200-1 cc soil. During 2019-20, a total of 27 soil and root samples of cotton were collected from Nuh and Palwal districts. Out of these, 14 were found infected with M. incognita with 51.8% frequency of occurrence. The results revealed that out of 21 samples (Nuh), 12 were found infested with M. incognita with 57.1% frequency of occurrence and density range of 95-690 j2 200-1 cc soil. In Palwal district, this nematode had 33.3% frequency of occurrence (2 out of 6 samples) with density range of 135-435 j2 200-1 cc soil. Other plant parasitic nematodes which were found associated with the cotton belonged to Rotylenchulus reniformis, Hoplolaimus sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and Tylenchorhynchus sp.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND COMMUNITY OF THE NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH GROUNDNUT FROM HOOGHLY DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimpy Sarkar ◽  
Kusal Roy ◽  
Arshdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Plant Parasitic

In a survey of four major groundnut growing blocks of the Hooghly district of West Bengal forty-three samples of soil were sampled for the purpose of studying the occurrence and distribution of rhizospheric nematodes population. Community study revealed presence of six nematode genera viz., Criconemoides, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus, Meloidogyne, Hirschmanniella, and Pratylenchus in the rhizosphere of groundnut crop. Most predominant phytonematode in groundnut has been identified as Criconemoides sp. which is followed by Rotylenchulus and Tylenchorhynchus. The species of nematodes such as Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica were identified. Criconemoides sp. and Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi were recorded highest from Chiladangi area of Pursurah block of Hooghly district. Meloidogyne incognita was recorded maximum from Haripal block. Rotylenchulus reniformis was also recorded in huge number from Samanta Road areas of Pursurah block. Apart from these plant parasitic nematodes, mononchids (especially Mylonchulus sp.) the predatory nematodes and saprophytic nematodes have also shown their presence in the population of the wide ranged nematodes associated with groundnut crop.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Effects of Java against Plant Parasitic Nematodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Angelica Miamoto ◽  
Cláudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Heriksen Higashi Puerari ◽  
Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽  
Carolina Bertuzzi Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Antagonistic Plants ◽  
Nematode Penetration ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Plant Parasitic

One of the main phytonematode control alternatives is the use of antagonistic plants in crop rotation or succession systems. Although java legume shows antagonist potential to control Meloidogyne javanica, its reaction to other nematodes was not investigated so far. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the penetration and reproduction factor (RF) of M. incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Pratylenchus brachyurus in java, using soybean as control. Plants individually inoculated with 1000 specimens from each nematode were assessed 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI) for nematode penetration and development. The RF was assessed under two inoculum levels of each nematode (1000 and 700 specimens) 60 days after inoculation, for M. incognita and R. reniformis; and 80 days after inoculation, for P. brachyurus. Meloidogyne incognita and R. reniformis showed lower penetration and reproduction in java (RF < 1), whereas P. brachyurus showed higher penetration and RF > 1. Thus, the java legume can be considered resistant to M. incognita and R. reniformis, as well as susceptible to P. brachyurus.

scholarly journals Nematicidal Effects of Various Fractions of Curcuma longa against Meloidogyne incognita (root knot nematodes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Uzma RASHID ◽  
Aijaz PANHWAR ◽  
Aisha FARHAN ◽  
Musarrat AKHTER ◽  
Nusrat JALBANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Parasitism is an important limiting factor responsible to cause damage to agricultural production. Plant parasitic root knot nematodes attack several economic crops in Pakistan. Plant- parasitic nematodes considerably add huge losses to economies in the top tomatoes crop producing countries throughout the world, instead of controlling the main pathogenic nematode species as usual; one of the innovative strategies to control plant-parasitic nematodes would be to manage diversity in communities in order to lead them to be less pathogenic. The plants and their materials are one of the potential remedies for nematodes management. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) along with its several biological applications may serve as a biopesticide against Meloidogyne incognita, a nematode species. A bioassay guided isolation of various fractions of turmeric was subjected to nematicidal activity in comparison with Azadirachta indica against Meloidogyne incognita larvae at the concentration of 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for 48 hours. Alongside, Larvae and eggs of nematodes were inoculated around the tomato seedlings in experiments with turmeric in a growth chamber. The control contains water instead of turmeric. Root gall severity and final nematode population were suppressed significantly. It was observed that the use of turmeric is very important for selected plant parasitic nematodes management.

scholarly journals Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Pasqua Veronico ◽  
Maria Teresa Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulants ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%–25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies. In the last few decades, there has been an explosion of information about the use of seaweeds as plant growth stimulants and potential nematicides. Novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine cyanobacteria and sponges in an effort to find their application outside marine ecosystems and in the discovery of new drugs. Their potential as antihelmintics could also be exploited to find applicability against plant parasitic nematodes. The present review focuses on the activity of marine organisms on RKNs and their potential application as safe nematicidal agents.

Allelopathy: a possible mechanism of suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by entomopathogenic nematodes

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis ◽  
Sudha Venkatachari
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophilus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract A possible mechanism of suppression of a plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita by entomopathogenic nematodes is described. Heat-killed entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and S. riobrave temporarily suppressed penetration of the root-knot nematode M. incognita into tomato roots, but live nematodes had no effect. Infective juvenile M. incognita were repelled from all entomopathogenic nematode treatments that included their symbiotic bacteria. They were repelled by Galleria mellonella cadavers infected with S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. riobrave and from cell-free culture filtrates of the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii, and Xenorhabdus sp. "R" from the three nematode species, respectively. Cell-free filtrates from all three Xenorhabdus spp. were toxic to M. incognita infective juveniles causing 98-100% mortality at 15% concentration. Cell-free filtrate of Xenorhabdus sp. "R" also reduced the hatch of M. incognita eggs. Application of formulated bacterial cell-free filtrates temporarily suppressed M. incognita penetration into tomato roots in a greenhouse trial. The short-term effects of cell-free bacterial filtrates, namely toxicity and repellency, were almost entirely due to ammonium. These results demonstrate allelopathic interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes, entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria. The likely role of allelopathy in the suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by innundative applications of entomopathogenic nematodes is discussed. Allelopathie: Ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch insektenpathogene Nematoden - Es wird ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung des pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden Meloidogyne incognita durch insektenpathogene Nematoden beschrieben. Durch Hitze abgetotete insektenpathogene Nematoden Steinernema feltiae und S. riobrave underdruckten das Eindringen des Wurzelgallenalchens M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln, lebende Nematoden hatten keine Wirkung. Infektionsjuvenile von M. incognita wurden von allen Behandlungen mit insektenpathogenen Nematoden abgestossen, die auch die symbiontischen Bakterien einschlossen. Sie wurden durch die Kadaver von Galleria mellonella abgestossen, die mit S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae und S. riobrave infiziert waren sowie durch zellfreie Kultursubstrate der symbiontischen Bakterien Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii und Xenorhabdus sp. "R" aus den drei genannten Nematodenarten. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von allen drei Xenorhabdus spp. waren giftig fur die Infektionsjuvenilen von M. incognita und verursachten in einer Konzentration von 15% Abtotungsraten von 98-100%. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von Xenorhabdus sp. "R" vermiderten ausserdem das Schlupfen von M. incognita-Eiern. In einem Gewachshausversuch unterdruckten formulierte zellfreie Bakterienfiltrate vorubergehend das Eindringen von M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln. Die Kurzzeitwirkungen von zellfreien Bakterien filtraten, namentlich Giftigkeit und Abstossung, waren nahezu ganz bedingt durch Ammoniak. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen das Vorhandensein von allelopathischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden, insektenpathogenen Nematoden und deren symbiontischen Bakterien. Die wahrscheinliche Rolle von Allelopathie bei der Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch eine Massenanwendung insektenpathogener Nematoden wird diskutiert.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Sublethal Doses of Nematicides on Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1605-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Wram ◽  
Inga A. Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Meloidogyne species are one of the most important groups of plant-parasitic nematodes globally because of their ability to damage most cultivated plants. Although they are widespread and economically important, there are limited control measures to combat these nematodes. New nonfumigant nematicides have been discovered that have the potential to be widely utilized for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Because of the longer half-lives in soil and lower toxicity of new nematicides compared with traditional fumigant and nonfumigant nematicides, understanding how nematodes respond to sublethal doses of nematicides is imperative to understanding whether nematicide resistance has the potential to develop. Characterizing responses of nematodes to sublethal doses will provide the foundation for future work, such as gene expression studies. In this study, the nematicides oxamyl (Vydate), fluazaindolizine (Salibro), fluensulfone (Nimitz), and fluopyram (Velum), were evaluated to understand how sublethal doses affect the fecundity and mobility of Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). Using a microwell assay system, dose-response curves for each nematicide were established for M. incognita J2. Fluopyram was the most toxic nematicide, with effective doses up to 230 times lower than that of other nematicides. The other nematicides had predicted ED50 values (effective doses that resulted in 50% of the population becoming inactive) of 89.4, 131.7, and 180.6 ppm for oxamyl, fluensulfone, and fluazaindolizine, respectively. The 24-h ED50 of each nematicide was then used in both motility and infectivity assays. The motility and activity of M. incognita J2 exposed to ED50 doses of fluazaindolizine and fluensulfone was significantly reduced, with nematodes initially being motile but eventually becoming inactive. However, the motility of M. incognita J2 exposed to ED50 doses of fluopyram and oxamyl was not different from a water control. In a pot assay, M. incognita J2 exposed to ED50 doses of fluazaindolizine, oxamyl, and fluensulfone were unable to reproduce on tomato, with reproduction factors (RF = final population density/initial population density) of 0 to 0.03. Fluopyram did not reduce reproduction of M. incognita, with a mean RF of 38.7 ± 4.5, which was similar to the RF of 46.3 ± 4.6 for the water control. This study is the first comprehensive evaluation of M. incognita activity, motility, and fecundity after exposure to the traditional nematicide, oxamyl, as well as three new nematicides, fluazaindolizine, fluopyram, and fluensulfone.

scholarly journals Activity of Saponins from Medicago Species against Phytoparasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trifone D’Addabbo ◽  
Maria Pia Argentieri ◽  
Jerzy Żuchowski ◽  
Elisa Biazzi ◽  
Aldo Tava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Content of bioactive saponins of Medicago species suggests that they may also exert, as previously demonstrated on M. sativa, nematicidal properties exploitable for the formulation of new products for sustainable phytoparasitic nematode management. This study was addressed to highlight the bioactivity of saponins from five different Medicago species still poorly known for their biological efficacy, i.e., M. heyniana, M. hybrida, M. lupulina, M. murex and M. truncatula, against the plant parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, Xiphinema index and Globodera rostochiensis. The bioactivity of the extracts from the five Medicago species was assessed by in vitro assays on the juveniles (J2) and eggs of M. incognita and G. rostochiensis and the adult females of X. index. The suppressiveness to M. incognita of soil treatments with the Medicago plant biomasses was also investigated in a tomato experiment. The nematicidal activity of the five Medicago species was reported and discussed in relation to their phytochemical profile.

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