Entrepreneurship and Decentralised Investment in a Planned Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Maxi Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Dynamic Efficiency ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
New Information ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Means Of Production

Abstract Since the 1980s, authors of the Austrian School have argued that the problem of rational allocation in a planned economy is not computational or technical in nature (static optimisation, with given information) but a question of dynamic efficiency (innovation and the creation of new information), and that this would be impossible without market processes and free entrepreneurship. In this article, we argue to the contrary that a planned economy can effectively drive dynamic efficiency. We first reveal that the Austrian thesis on the impossibility of dynamic efficiency in socialist planning is based on tautological arguments, or on problems already solved by technological development. Secondly, we present an institutional formula for promoting innovative activities and entrepreneurship within a framework of social ownership of the means of production and social control of investment.

ECONOMIC CONTRADICTIONS ARE RELATED TO THE USE AND TRANSFER OF DUAL-USE GOODS AND TECHNOLOGIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Boguslavskyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Means Of Production

The article is devoted to the study of economic contradictions related to the use and transfer of dual-use goods and technologies. The article highlights different approaches to defining the categories «technology» and «dual-use technology». Types of dual-use technologies are outlined. The main economic contradictions related to the use and transfer of dual- use goods and technologies are identified: 1) contradictions related to the creation of new technologies that can be both useful in the civilian and military spheres; 2) contradictions related to the manufacture and use of dual-use goods; 3) Contradictions are related to the creation of new means of production that can be used both for the production of civilian goods and for CBRN; 4) contradictions in the use of technological processes for the civilian and military spheres; 5) contradictions related to the development of transport and improvement of methods of delivery of CBRN; 6) contradictions between the interests of economic development of different countries on the basis of the introduction of new technologies and non-proliferation of CBRN; 7) interstate political and economic contradictions regarding the CBRN; 8) contradictions between groups of countries and individual countries regarding the non-proliferation of CBRN; 9) contradictions related to environmental pollution in the process of manufacturing and testing of CBRN; 10) contradictions in the realization of economic and political interests between countries that have modern weapons of mass destruction and countries that do not possess these weapons; 11) contradictions regarding the protection of their national interests etc. The peculiarities of the transfer of dual-use goods and technologies in the modern economy are shown and it is determined that it acquires a network character. The need to apply export controls to the transfer of dual-use goods and technologies is emphasized.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence, dynamic efficiency and Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 337-350
Author(s):  
Vincent Wolters
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Dynamic Efficiency ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
New Information ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
The Brain

In this work I will lend support to the theory of «dynamic efficien - cy», as outlined by Prof. Huerta de Soto in The Theory of Dynamic Efficiency (2010a). Whereas Huerta de Soto connects economics with ethics, I will take a different approach. Since I have a back-ground in Artificial Intelligence (A.I.), I will show that this and related fields have yielded insights that, when applied to the study of economics, may call for a different way of looking at the eco-nomy and its processes. At first glance, A.I. and economics do not seem to have a lot in common. The former is thought to attempt to build a human being; the latter is supposed to deal with depressions, growth, inflation, etc. That view is too simplistic; in fact there are strong similarities. First, economics is based on (inter-)acting individuals, i.e. on human action. A.I. tries to understand and simulate human (and animal) behavior. Second, economics deals with information pro-cessing, such as how the allocation of resources can best be orga-nized. A.I. also investigates information processing. This can be in specific systems, such as the brain, or the evolutionary process, or purely in an abstract form. Finally, A.I. tries to answer more philosophical questions like: what is intelligence? What is a mind? What is consciousness? Is there free will? These topics play a less prominent role in economics, but are sometimes touched upon, together with the related topic of the «entrepreneurial function». The paradigm that was dominant in the early days of A.I. is static in nature. Reaching a solution is done in different steps. First: gathering all necessary information. Second: processing this in - formation. Finally: the outcome of this process, a clear conclusion. Each step in the process is entirely separate. During information gathering no processing is done, and during processing, no new information is added. The conclusion reached is final and cannot change later on. Logical problems are what is mostly dealt with, finding ways in which a computer can perform deductions based on the information that is represented as logical statements. Other applications are optimization problems, and so-called «Expert Systems», developed to perform the work of a judge reaching a verdict, or a medical doctor making a diagnosis based on the symptoms of the patient. This paradigm is also called «top-down», because information flows to a central point where it is processed, or «symbolic processing», referring to deduction in formal logic.1 In economics there is a similar paradigm, and it is still the do-minant one. This is the part of economics that deals with opti - mization of resources: given costs and given prices, what is the allocation that will lead to the highest profit? Also belonging to this paradigm are the equilibrium models. Demand and supply curves are supposed to be knowable and unchangeable, and the price is a necessary outcome. The culmination is central planning that supposes all necessary information, such as demand and supply curves and available resources to be known. Based on this, the central planner determines prices.

scholarly journals Jesús Huerta de Soto: The Synthesizer of the Austrian School

2017 ◽  
pp. 173-202
Author(s):  
William Hongsong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Dynamic Efficiency ◽  
Free Banking ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Palabras Clave

Professor Jesús Huerta de Soto is one of the leading Austrian School economists in the contemporary era. This paper reviews his biography as a great Austrian School economist, a successful entrepreneur and a tireless fighter for freedom. This paper also reviews his original and important aca-demic contributions on the theory of socialism and entrepreneurship, the theory of bank credit and economic cycles, and the theory of dynamic efficiency. Keywords: Jesús Huerta de Soto, Austrian School, free banking, socialism, dynamic efficiency. JEL Classification: B41, B53, C18, D53, D6, D81, D83, E32, E42, E52, E6, G21, H23, K11, K12, L21, P11, P41, P21. Resumen: El profesor Jesús Huerta de Soto es actualmente uno de los principa-les economistas de la Escuela Austriaca. Este trabajo revisa su biografía como gran economista austriaco, emprendedor de éxito, y un luchador incansable y entusiasta por la libertad. Este artículo también revisa sus contribuciones aca-démicas originales en lo que respecta a la teoría del socialismo y la función empresarial, la teoría del crédito bancario y los ciclos económicos, y la teoría de la eficiencia dinámica. Palabras clave: Jesús Huerta de Soto, Escuela Austriaca, banca libre, socia-lismo, eficiencia dinámica. Clasificación JEL: B41, B53, C18, D53, D6, D81, D83, E32, E42, E52, E6, G21, H23, K11, K12, L21, P11, P41, P21.

Social control and the institutionalization of human rights as an ethical framework for media and ICT corporations

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Sarikakis ◽  
Izabela Korbiel ◽  
Wagner Piassaroli Mantovaneli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Right

Purpose This paper is concerned with the place of human rights in the process of technological development but specifically as this process is situated within the corporate-technological complex of modern digital communications and their derivatives. This paper aims to argue that expecting and institutionalizing the incorporation of human rights in the process of technological innovation and production, particularly in the context of global economic actors, constitutes a necessary act if we want to navigate the immediate future of artificial intelligence and ubiquitous connectivity in ways that protect democracy and human dignity. Design/methodology/approach The discussion presents the case for defending human rights through a social control perspective, which assumes the conscious quest for impacting change and cartographing a path of actions and intentions. The authors approach the problem from James Ralph Beniger’s theory of the Control Revolution (1986) to explain the emergence of a new social order and to outline the main challenges brought particularly by media and information and communication technology (ICT) corporations as global actors of power. Findings Ethics initiatives, considering human rights as an ethical framework for media and ICT businesses, can be based on social control perspectives to regard the more complex variables interacting in the formation of effective policy making. It is the right to participate in the construction of knowledge in society and, informed by this knowledge, help manage or control democratic issues, including influencing on the regulation of technology and other cultural formats of control (Altheide, 1995). Knowing social control tools enable citizens to lead their destinies, plan their freedom and the change what they wish in the societies they live in. Originality/value Social control is often understood as a term taken for granted and many times faced as representing malignant and anti-democratic forms. Here, the authors try to build a theoretical ground where both sides – the benign and the malignant – can be taken in consideration to bring awareness to the need to discuss social control as a democratic endeavor, and consider human rights as part of this and not something apart and idealized. The practice of human rights is directly associated with social control forms and is from within these practices individuals must understand its role on social control and act.

scholarly journals Parallel Subaltern Feminist Counterpublics in Cyberspace

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Travers
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Creation

The historically exclusive nature of public spaces and discourses is beyond dispute. While feminist and “other” counterpublics have provided alternative ways of organizing public interaction and dialogue, these have remained largely invisible to nonparticipants. New information technologies afford new possibilities for feminist counterpublics to influence the norms of participation and boundaries between insiders and outsiders in mainstream public spaces. In this article I argue that feminist counterpublics in cyberspace are evidence of a new development in social discourse: The creation of subaltern parallel counterpublics distinguishable from oppositional/separatist counterpublics based, to differing degrees, on identity politics.

Improving Re-Use of Informal Information Through the Creation of an Engineering Electronic Logbook (EEL): A Demonstrator

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish C. McAlpine ◽  
Ben Hicks ◽  
Stephen Culley
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Tablet Pc ◽  
New Information ◽  
Informal Information ◽  
Electronic Logbook ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
User Centric ◽  
The Creation

Electronic logbooks (e-logbooks or e-notebooks) are used extensively in other domains — most notably the pharmaceutical industry — to good effect. However, despite a number of attempts over the last decade, engineers have resisted making the transition from their trusted paper logbooks. Reasons for this include a lack of understanding about how and why engineers use logbooks and a lack of appropriate software and hardware. In order to explore these issues, user-centric studies of engineers and their logbooks have been undertaken. From these studies a set of fundamental requirements have been developed that provide the basis for the creation of an Engineering Electronic Logbook (EEL). A demonstrator based on the Tablet PC platform to evaluate the information management aspects these requirements is then presented, together with details of how it is currently being evaluated. The contribution of this paper is a new information management strategy for e-logbooks — which has been derived from analysing existing paper-based logbooks and the note-taking practices of engineers — and its embodiment in a demonstrator for evaluation.

The institutional change in action: Transitioning to Economic Man

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Tverdohleb
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Economic Man ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Western Market ◽  
Economic Ideology ◽  
The Creation

This article sketches the roots and social underpinnings of both Economic Man (EM) and Soviet Man (SM) and looks at the interaction between the two archetypes during the transformation of former socialist nations since 1990. It depicts the creation of SM as the bearer of socialist “planned economy” ideology while also showing how EM was able to survive, albeit often underground, in the Soviet Union and its satellites. It also looks at the unique nature of the Soviet EM and to what extent SM has been dismantled. This paper concludes by examining how well the Western, market-oriented economic ideology was implemented and why the process occurred differently in various former socialist countries. It illustrates the varying malleability of the human mentality and provides some insights into the possible outcomes of future efforts at sociopolitical transformation.

Threats for adults aged 45+ associated with technological development

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Jakub Jerzy Czarkowski ◽  
Sylwia Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Aging People ◽  
Appropriate Education

There are many dangerous situations for adult development related to the progress of new information technologies. The article presents a new approach to the issue of disability in the context of the changing ITC technologies and the phenomenon of aging populations. Polish society, like many European societies, is subject to the process of aging. People in late adulthood find it more difficult to learn to use new technologies more easily. This means that an increasing number of people may have problems in full-fledged functioning in society. They will become disabled in the light of the WHO definition. Appropriate education is the way to counteract this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Politik Spasial dalam Lirik Lagu Bengawan Solo Karya Gesang dan Di Tepinya Sungai Serayu Karya Soetedja: Analisis Pascakolonial Sara Upstone

ATAVISME ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Hary Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Politics ◽  
New Information ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post Colonialism ◽  
Definition Of

Tulisan ini membahas politik spasial Gesang dan Soetedja dalam lirik lagu “Bengawan Solo” dan “Di Tepinya Sungai Serayu”. Persoalan tersebut menarik dikemukakan karena menghadirkan konsepsi baru melalui redefinisi atas kedua objek. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menunjukkan bentuk-bentuk place, space, dan postspace kedua lagu terhadap objek yang telah menghadirkan definisi baru atas pengetahuan. Teori yang digunakan adalah pascakolonial Sara Upstone mengenai place, space, dan postspace. Metode penelitian ini adalah mengamati aspek tekstual di dalam teks dan mengorelasikannya dengan persoalan kontekstual berdasarkan aspek-aspek teoretis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa politik spasial melalui kedua lirik lagu menghadirkan kebaruan informasi mengenai objek yang berbeda dengan realitas kedua sungai sebagai bentuk place. Jejak-jejak space yang ditinggalkan oleh kedua pengarang menunjukkan bahwa penciptaan lagu lebih pada kepentingan estetis dan romantik. Postspace yang dihasilkan dengan kehadiran lagu itu memberikan legitimasi atas konsepsi administratif dalam penyebutan asal sumber mata air Bengawan Solo dan hilangnya sisi mistisme yang terdapat di Sungai Serayu.Kata kunci: politik spasial; Bengawan Solo; Sungai Serayu[Spatial Politic in The Song Lyrics of “Bengawan Solo” and “Di Tepinya Sungai Serayu” : Sara Upstone’s Postcolonial Analysis] This paper discusses Gesang and Soetedja’s spatial politics in the song lyrics of “Bengawan Solo” and “Di Tepinya Sungai Serayu”. The issue is interesting to be raised because it presents a new conception through redefinition of the two objects. The purpose of this paper is to show forms of place, space, and postspace in both songs toward the object that have presented a new definition of knowledge. The theory used is Sara Upstone’s post-colonialism about place, space, and postspace. The method in this study is to observe textual aspects in the text and correlate them with contextual issues based on theoretical aspects. The results show that spatial politics through both song lyrics presents new information about objects that are different from the reality of the two rivers as a form of place. The traces of space left by the two authors through their songs show the creation of songs more in the interests of aesthetic and romantic aspects. The postspace produced by the presence of the two songs gives legitimacy to the administrative conception in the mention of the origin of the Bengawan Solo spring and the loss of the mysticism found in the Serayu River.

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