scholarly journals Adorned Body, Female Language, and Emotional Marriage Between Chinese Women in Snow Flower and the Secret Fan

MANUSYA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Pannawish Phasomsup
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Foot Binding

This research paper focuses on the study of Chinese women's social status and tactics for survival in a patriarchal society in Snow Flower and the Secret Fan written by Lisa See. The author reveals the agony of the foot-binding tradition Chinese women had to undergo in the feudal period. Lisa See also demonstrates how female characters survived such circumstances by means of learning Nü Shu, a woman's writing invented by women for women to express their grievances and inner feelings, and of creating an emotional companionship between women called 'Laotong', which is significant for survival under the male dominance.

scholarly journals Retelling of Assamese Folktales from a Feminist Perspective: A Reading of Tejimola and the Tale of Kite Mother's Daughter

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5667-5671
Author(s):  
AnkurJyoti Talukdar, Anuradha Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Main Motive

Assam is a diverse land and so does it has a diverse expanse of folktale stories that widely shows the Assamese culture, the lifestyle and also its typical society.  After reading the narratives of which has been taken in this research paper, the issue of women in Assamese folktales can be seen a matter of study and research, taking into consideration the aspects such as-  position of women in Assamese society, identity of women, woman-woman relationship and women in the realm of class structure, and along with this a question definitely arises that do women have any hold of power in a society dominated by men and do they have any influence over the decision making aspects of men in a patriarchal society. The re-telling of Tejimola and The Tale of the Kite’s Daughter  narratives is done with a feminist point of view where the role of the female characters emerge in a contemporary manner and not as what had been thought and said in earlier times. The main motive is to highlight how the women emerge as a strong persona in the patriarchal domain, although their age-old interpretations project them as weak, inferior and male-dependant.

Rereading Klein’s “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”—the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in four generations of Chinese women

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Xu Jianqin
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Mother Daughter Relationship ◽  
Foot Binding ◽  
Mother Child Relationship ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

This article analyses the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in China, and describes the mothering characteristics of four generations of women, which in sequence includes “foot-binding mothers”, “mothers after liberation”, “mothers after reform and opening up”, and “mothers who were only daughters”. Referring to Klein’s ideas about the mother–child relationship, especially those in her paper “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”, the author tries to understand mothers and their impact on their daughters in these various periods of Chinese history, so as to explore the mutual influence of the mother–daughter relationship in particular, and the Chinese cultural and developmental context in general.

scholarly journals Understanding testosterone variation in a tropical lek-breeding bird

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Ryder ◽  
Brent M. Horton ◽  
Ignacio T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Male Display ◽  
Pipra Filicauda

Male reproductive coalitions, in which males cooperate to attract females, are a rare strategy among vertebrates. While some studies have investigated ultimate aspects of these relationships, little is known about the mechanistic role that hormones play in modulating cooperative behaviours. Here, we examined male testosterone variation in a tropical lekking bird, the wire-tailed manakin ( Pipra filicauda ), which exhibits cooperative male–male display coalitions. We found that testosterone levels in territorial males were comparable to those of temperate breeding birds, a surprising result given their environmental, social and reproductive dynamics. In addition, social status rather than plumage was a strong predictor of testosterone variation. Territorial males had significantly higher testosterone levels than did two other plumage classes of floater males, who do not hold territories. We hypothesize that testosterone variation plays an important role in the establishment of male dominance hierarchies (competition), while concurrently facilitating stable display partnerships (cooperation).

Self-Perceived Social Status and Health in Older Hong Kong Chinese Women Compared with Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Woo ◽  
H. Lynn ◽  
J. Leung ◽  
S. Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Perceived Social Status

scholarly journals Maïssa Bey : romancière de l’agentivité de femmes Entre réécriture de l’Histoire et invention de soi

Il Tolomeo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Lamrous
Keyword(s):  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The Right

The study of Maïssa Bey’s novel Surtout ne te retourne pas allows to examine how the Francophone novel represents an earthquake as a poetic, metaphorical and political shockwave. The novel is part of a literary tradition but also shows the singularity of the writing and the engagement of the Algerian novelist Maïssa Bey. It allows to examine the feminine agentivity in the context of the disaster camps in Algeria: from the ravaged space/country emerge the voices of women who enter into resistance to improvise, invent their lives and their identities. The earthquake allows them to free themselves, to take a subversive point of view at society and their status as women in an oppressive patriarchal society. The staged female characters arrogate to themselves the right to reread history and take their destiny back.

Deconstructing the Other’s Other: Analyzing the Chinese Female Image in the Film Saving Face

Film Matters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Chuyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Film ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Image ◽  
Saving Face ◽  
International Status

The image of Chinese women portrayed in American films is essentially the West’s imagination of China, conveyed by the female body and constructed in the Orientalist discourse. Over the past one hundred years, Chinese women have been primarily depicted as docile, weak, submissive, voiceless, and in need of being rescued and guided by Occidentals. With the evolution of the global order and the rise of China’s international status, the silent Orient has taken the initiative to resist and reshape this voiceless, “other-ed” image. This article aims to focus on the female characters in Saving Face, an American film directed by Chinese American director Alice Wu in 2004, and analyzes how the director reverses the stereotyped Chinese female image based on the theoretical framework of Orientalism and postcolonial studies, not only “the other” with regards to men, but also “the other” as to the Occident, thus dismantling long-held misreadings of China.

Naruse, Mikio (1905–1969)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Neville Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Film Genre ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Japanese Film ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Outside Money

Naruse Mikio was a popular and critically renowned Japanese film director who was active from the early 1930s to the mid-1960s. He completed eighty-nine films, of which sixty-seven survive. From a poor family and raised by his sisters, he began work as a prop assistant at Shochiku studios at the age of fifteen, where he would direct his first film ten years later. Beginning with slapstick comedies, Naruse’s interest in urban poverty and strong, if ill-fated female characters drew him to the josei-eiga (woman’s film) genre. By the mid-1930s he had moved to PCL (Photo-Chemical Laboratories, later incorporated into Toho Studios), where he would work for the following three decades, undertaking additional projects at Shintoho and Daiei. While his prewar silent pictures display early experimentation with voice-over, flashbacks, and montage sequences, his work in sound and later widescreen and color is characterized by exacting mise-en-scène, and quick unrelenting cuts following performers’ gestures and expressions. Naruse’s modernist economy of style moves at the pace of urban life, thrusting his female protagonists (often Takamine Hideko, who starred in seventeen of the director’s best-known films) into the financialization of interpersonal relationships, whereby yearning for love outside money and family is dulled by having to survive the daily hardships of patriarchal society and monetary debt.

One Risk Factor of Depression Disorder in Chinese Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S455-S455
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
L. Feihu ◽  
D. Zunxiao ◽  
S. Jianguo ◽  
W. Qiangju
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
The World

BackgroundThe prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is higher in those with the unemployed and those with low social status. Most of the available data comes from studies in developed countries, and these findings may not extrapolate to developing countries. However, the extent of unemployed status cause MDD is unclear. This study seeks to determine whether depressive disorder is associated with unemployment and to further investigate the relationship between occupation, and social class in Han Chinese women with MDD.MethodData came from Oxford and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE) study of MDD (6017 cases, age between 30 and 60; 5983 controls, age between 40 and 60). DSM-IV depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. All subjects were interviewed using a computerized assessment system. All interviewers were trained by the CONVERGE team for a minimum of one week. The interview includes assessment of psychopathology, demographic and personal characteristics, and psychosocial functioning.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) between employment and MDD is 0.69. An OR of less than one is protective. Lower social class is not associated with an increase in the number of episodes, or with increased rates of comorbidity with anxiety disorders.ConclusionThis study suggests that in Han Chinese women, employment is positive protect factor to MDD. Lower social status and unemployment increases the risk and severity of MDD. In China, lower socioeconomic position is associated with increased rates of MDD, as it is elsewhere in the world.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Identification of Slurs and Swear Words in Bronte Sisters’ Novels

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Citra Suryanovika ◽  
Irma Manda Negara
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Wuthering Heights ◽  
Male Characters

This research aimed at identifying the categories of slurs, presenting how swear words expressed in male or female characters of Bronte sisters’ novels, and examining the social status scale in presenting slurs. The research was a qualitative content analysis of which process was categorizing, comparing, and concluding. The researchers employed MAXQDA 2018.1 (the data analysis tool) for analyzing the samples of five female and male main characters of the novel of Emily Bronte (Wuthering Heights), Charlotte Bronte (Jane Eyre), and Anne Bronte (The Tenant of Wildfell Hall). The research has shown three out of nine Thurlow’s pejorative items (social personality, phallocentric, and sexist), the possible formation of social personality slurs, the identification of swear words for showing speakers’ emotional states, and the influence of social status scale on the expression of slurs. It proves that slurs and swear words are used to deliver a derogatory attitude. The sexist slurs are not only delivered from male characters to female characters, but it is also found in Catherine Earnshaw targeting Nelly although they have similar gender background (female). Slurs are found in the characters from both high and low social rank since the plot develops the relationship amongst the characters. One unexpected finding is the different swear words between the characters. Swear words found in the novel are not only dominated by the word devil, damn, or by hell, but also the word deuce and humbug. The varied swear words proves that the male characters do not dominantly produce swear words, but also euphemistic expression.

scholarly journals Role of Optimism over Pessimism in the Novels of Thomas Hardy: Mechanism of Chance and Fate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Meenakshi Sharma Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Made In

Thomas Hardy is mostly acclaimed as a pessimist novelist whose plots are full of tearful tragic tales. In all his novels, the adverse situations come from the uncertain conditions of the role of the chance that emerges based on the characters’ psycho-analytic states and eccentric impulses, financial variations and barriers, irregularities of social status and standards, communal, cultural and ethnic misunderstanding, lack of trust in the marital relationship, thrust and lust of sexual pleasure, historical attitudes and backgrounds, highness of royal families, and religion egoism on the unmatched unities of action, place, and time in the Victorian modernity that forces all the characters to survive a life full of sufferings and misfortunes throughout the plots. But this paper has a fresh approach to explore the philosophy of optimism in Hardy’s novels that how the male and female characters, despite facing the irony of fate and chance, have a shining line of hope, faith and love in their lives. He accepted the fact that humanity goes forward from darkness to light, from despair to hope and from pessimism to optimism. He was endowed with optimism as he always hoped for advancement and betterment in every sphere of life. He valued certain outstanding basic values like hope, love, affection, sympathy, kindness, gentility, and selflessness. A humble effort has been made in the present paper to trace out these ‘good things in the bad things’ in the novels of Thomas Hardy. Hence, it can be seen that Hardy has been proved as the surveyor of human spectrum in all its aspects, at times striking a note of discord, but on the whole presenting a case of doing the mechanism of accidentalism for the robust optimism over pessimism in his novels.

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