Evolutionary Biology and Evolutionary Economics

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias L. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Evolutionary And Developmental Biology

The paper identifies two major conceptual challenges facing evolutionary economics and shows how they parallel similar challenges facing evolutionary and developmental biology. One issue is the differentiation between learning-by-doing, on one hand, and habit formation, on the other. Another issue is the distinction between the cause or origin of evolutionary mutation/innovation, on one side, and the relevant unit which is the subject of evolutionary change, on the other. The failure to identify these two sets of distinction may hinder the articulation of an apropos evolutionary economic theory.

Plant-Herbivore Interactions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Berenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Single Host ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Clear Insight ◽  
Plant Herbivore

As is the case with most supposedly modern concepts in evolutionary biology, the idea of coevolution, or reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species, actually goes back to Charles Darwin. In the introduction to The Origin of Species (1859), he wrote: …In considering the Origin of Species, it is quite conceivable that a naturalist, reflecting on the mutual affinities of organic beings, on their embryological relations, their geographical distribution, geological succession, and other such facts, might come to the conclusion that species had not been independently created, but had descended, like varieties, from other species. Nevertheless, such a conclusion, even if wellfounded, would be unsatisfactory, until it could be shown how the innumerable species inhabiting this world have been modified, so as to acquire that perfection of structure and coadaptation which justly excites our admiration. It is, therefore, of the highest importance to gain a clear insight into the means of modification and coadaptation…. Early on, then, Darwin pointed out the importance of interactions among organisms in determining evolutionary change, as opposed to “external conditions such as climate, food,” or even “the volition” of the organism itself. Interactions among organisms, however, take many forms. Antagonistic interactions, in which one species benefits and the other is harmed, are themselves diverse. Among those interactions in which both species are animals, the gamut runs from predation, in which one species kills and consumes several individuals of the other species during its lifetime, to parasitism, in which one species merely saps the “reserves” and rarely kills its host. Intermediate and unique to the phylum Arthropoda is parasitoidism, in which one species kills its prey, as does a predator, but, like a parasite, is normally restricted to a single host individual. A comparable continuum exists for interactions between an animal and a plant species; these associations are usually referred to as forms of herbivory (with parasitoidism akin to internal seed feeders of plants). In mutualistic interactions, both species benefit from the interaction. Mutualisms can involve interactions between animals and plants, generally in which a food reward from the plant is exchanged for mobility provided by the animal partner.

scholarly journals CONCEPT OF SWITCHING MODE OF REPRODUCTION AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY: ISSUES OF METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
V. I. Mayevsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Evolutionary Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Switching Mode ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The purpose of the article is to show that the innovation development of the economy, being the subject of research of evolutionary economic theory, occurs mainly in the switching mode, and therefore is organically linked with the so-called switching mode of reproduction, which is currently being intensively developed at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For representatives of the Orthodox Economic Science, all subjects are homogeneous, that is, they are characterized by rational behavior, the intention to maximize profits and the striving for equilibrium states. Evolutionary economists consider this homogeneity to be far from obvious. They pay primary attention to innovative development as a process of qualitative changes, distinguish subjects who implement qualitative changes and subjects who do not, but rather counteract changes. The concept of a switching mode of reproduction is based on a fundamentally different methodological prerequisite and therefore is a development of both evolutionary and orthodox economic theory.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS THEORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulya L. Odintsova ◽  
Alina G. Khairullina ◽  
Irina A. Kabasheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Industrial Innovation ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Evolutionary Economic ◽  
Independent Direction ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Economics And Biology

The evolutionary economics was separated into an independent direction of research only after the appearance of the works of R. Nelson and S. Winter. The theory they propose is based on similar processes in economics and biology. Thus, the evolutionary economic theory was built on the inconsistency of two processes based on Darwin's theory (variability and selection). When transferring this into the economic reality we create the following model: a competitive struggle is created between the firms as a result of which the most adapted ones "survive" in the process of industrial innovation. At the same time, the evolutionary ideas arose much earlier. In the XVIII century B. Mandeville, A. Smith, and later T. Malthus expressed their ideas that could be attributed to the evolutionary approach today in connection with the assertion of a natural-science worldview that undermined the idea of a divine creation, though with some reservations. The purpose of this article is to trace the change in the ideas of "evolutionary economics" in various technological orders.

scholarly journals THE NEW IN THE SUBJECT OF ECONOMIC THEORY

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
S. KUREGYAN.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Subject

Modern understanding of the subject of economic theory requires the study of economic problems arising in intangible production. Non-material production is heterogeneous: one part of it is associated with the production of spiritual goods and their distribution, exchange and consumption, the other with the provision of services of a non-material nature. This affects economic theory as the methodological basis of specific economic disciplines.

Digits and Digit Identity

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter P. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Genetics ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Character Identity ◽  
Evolutionary And Developmental Biology ◽  
Digit Identity

This chapter investigates the evolutionary and developmental biology of digits, focusing on what these appendages can teach us about character identity and character origination. The idea that digits have individuality and that it is meaningful to distinguish between the thumb, the index finger, and all the other digits is both intuitive and controversial. With it arise questions regarding how digits evolved, how they were gained, lost, and then possibly regained, and whether or not they had changed place in the limb. The chapter first considers the origin of digits, with emphasis on the issue of the nature of the pentadactyl limb, before discussing the developmental and morphological heterogeneity of the tetrapod hand. It also examines digit loss and re-evolution in amniotes, the pentadactyl autopodium type, and developmental developmental genetics of digit identity. It suggests that the “tetrapod limb” is likely the result of a dynamic evolution of character identities.

Ecological evolutionary developmental biology in dialogue with agroecology: The Milpa as model system

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mariana Benitez
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Model System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Large Effort ◽  
The One ◽  
Evo Devo

The fields of agroecology and ecological evolutionary developmental biology  (eco-evo-devo) have been performing somewhat parallel efforts of synthesis. On the one hand, agroecology has incorporated knowledge from different disciplinary sources, among which are of course ecology, agronomy and, in a  less extent, other scientific disciplines. It has also embraced local and traditional agricultural knowledge. On the other hand, during the last decades a large effort has aimed to integrate diverse theories, evidence and tools from ecology, developmental and evolutionary biology in what has been called eco-evo-devo.

scholarly journals An Interdisciplinary Curriculum Conversation on Fear and Learning

in education ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Christou ◽  
Judy Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Interdisciplinary Curriculum ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Societal Learning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Two curriculum scholars of contrasting epistemological backgrounds engage in a complicated curriculum conversation on the subject of fear and learning. One author’s position is that learning is not only fraught with fear but also requires fear to be transformational. Furthermore, education is intimately connected to fear and unrest. The other author’s position is that learning is biologically adaptive, generally of benefit to individuals and pleasurable under natural conditions. Societal learning among humans occurs relatively quickly, though never quick enough to keep pace with changes in the environment. The dialogue results in newfound recognition of the nature and power, of our perspectives on the one hand and the nature of curriculum conversation itself on the other hand.            Keywords: curriculum; philosophy of education; evolutionary biology; fear; learning

Golgi Apparatus and Melanogenesis: Ultrastructural Study of a Human Cellular Blue Nevus (Melanocytoma)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
S.R. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Nevus ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Golgi Vesicles ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cellular Blue Nevus

The respective roles of the ribo somes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and perhaps nucleus in the synthesis and maturation of melanosomes is still the subject of some controversy. While the early melanosomes (premelanosomes) have been frequently demonstrated to originate as Golgi vesicles, it is undeniable that these structures can be formed in cells in which Golgi system is not found. This report was prompted by the findings in an essentially amelanotic human cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of two distinct lines of melanocytes one of which was devoid of any trace of Golgi apparatus while the other had normal complement of this organelle.

The Rhythms of Evolutionary Economics

2014 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
G. Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Organizational Challenges

The article analyzes the results of the jubilee X International Symposium on Evolutionary Economics “The Evolution of Economic Theory: Reproduction, Technology, Institutions”. The main scientific and organizational challenges in the field of evolutionary economics are discussed, promising areas of development of the evolutionary paradigm and related institutional and system paradigms are determined.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document