Everyday speculation in the remaking of peri-urban livelihoods and landscapes

2022 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110669
Author(s):  
Helga Leitner ◽  
Samuel Nowak ◽  
Eric Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Urban Livelihoods ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Synergistic Relationship ◽  
Ways Of Life

Peri-urbanization is transforming the urban-rural interface of metropolitan areas across the global south. Large-scale planned developments and infrastructure projects result in the widespread displacement of residents and the disappearance of agricultural fields, vegetable plots, and small enterprises. Through multi-year fieldwork in eastern peri-urban Jakarta, we shift the optic from the large players driving these transformations—developers, land brokers, and investors—to examine how residents of peri-urban settlements (kampungs) respond to unexpected developments and manage the uncertainties associated with market-induced displacement. We conceptualize their practices as everyday speculation, extending speculation beyond its financial meaning to include social and cultural aspects. Both displacees in relocation kampungs and holdouts in kampungs subject to displacement make the most of emergent spatiotemporal rent gaps to devise ways to improve their livelihoods and accumulate wealth, but they also attempt to realize their social and cultural aspirations of reproducing kampung ways of life characterized by dense social networks and commoning practices such as mutual aid. Speculation reinforces pre-existing economic inequalities among kampung residents but is not obliterating social and cultural values that contest the norms of neoliberal global urbanism. Scaling up from everyday speculation by individual households, we identify three paths of kampung transformation that are concatenating across a shape-shifting speculative kampung landscape that coexists in a complex and synergistic relationship with the planned developments. Understanding residents’ everyday actions is thus important to grasping the full scope of peri-urbanization.

Urban–Rural Dichotomy in Planning: Review of Legal Framework in Four States of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 001955612110016
Author(s):  
Anurima Mukherjee Basu ◽  
Rutool Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Quantum Jump ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Territorial Approach ◽  
Sizeable Number

Current urbanisation trends in India show a quantum jump in number of ‘census towns’, which are not statutorily declared as urban areas, but have acquired all characteristics of urban settlements. Sizeable number of such census towns are not located near any Class 1 city. Lack of proper and timely planning has led to unplanned growth of these settlements. This article is based on a review of planning legislations, institutional framework and planning process of four states in India. The present article analyses the scope and limitations of the planning process adopted in the rapidly urbanising rural areas of these states. The findings reveal that states are still following a conventional approach to planning that treats ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ as separate categories and highlights the need for adopting an integrated territorial approach to planning of settlements.

scholarly journals Body pedagogics, culture and the transactional case of Vélo worlds

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843102199664
Author(s):  
Chris Shilling
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Ways Of Life

During the past two decades, there has been a significant growth of sociological studies into the ‘body pedagogics’ of cultural transmission, reproduction and change. Rejecting the tendency to over-valorise cognitive information, these investigations have explored the importance of corporeal capacities, habits and techniques in the processes associated with belonging to specific ‘ways of life’. Focused on practical issues associated with ‘knowing how’ to operate within specific cultures, however, body pedagogic analyses have been less effective at accounting for the incarnation of cultural values. Addressing this limitation, with reference to the radically diverse norms involved historically and contemporarily in ‘vélo worlds’, I develop Dewey’s pragmatist transactionalism by arguing that the social, material and intellectual processes involved in learning physical techniques inevitably entail a concurrent entanglement with, and development of, values.

scholarly journals Patients’ attitudes toward conventional and herbal treatments for depression and anxiety: A cross-sectional Israeli survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402199238
Author(s):  
Or Burstein ◽  
Alon Shamir ◽  
Nurit Abramovitz ◽  
Ravid Doron
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

Background: As many patients view conventional antidepressants and anxiolytics negatively, it is not surprising that the willingness to apply these treatments is far from ideal, thus posing a critical barrier in promoting an effective and durable treatment. Aim: The present study aimed to explore patients’ attitudes toward conventional and herbal treatments for depression and anxiety, while considering cultural and demographic factors, to further elucidate the antecedes that putatively determine the treatment’s outcome. Methods: During June 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified sampling from a large-scale Israeli volunteer online panel. The final sample included 591 Jewish Israeli adults that reported they were suffering from depression or anxiety. Results: A heterogeneous range of attitudes toward treatment was found: for example, a large group of patients did not utilize prescription medications (39%), a professional consultation (12.9%), or any form of treatment (17.4%). Interestingly, these patients were significantly more likely to support naturally-derived treatments and were less concerned with scientific proof. Further, adverse effects were demonstrated as a prominent factor in the choice of treatment. A higher incidence of adverse effects was associated with an increased willingness to consider an alternative herbal treatment. Noteworthy attitudes were found in orthodox-Jewish individuals, who showed similar consultation rates, but utilized more psychological, rather than pharmacological treatments. Conclusions: It is proposed that patients’ perspectives and cultural backgrounds are needed to be taken into consideration during the clinical assessment and choice of treatment. The findings imply that a particular emphasis should be placed on patients that discard conventional pharmacological options and on distinct cultural aspects. Several recommendations for revising the current policy are advocated to promote more culturally-informed and patient-oriented care.

Kerala State, India: Radical Reform as Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Franke ◽  
Barbara H. Chasin
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
Kerala State

Kerala State in southwestern India has achieved some of the third world's best rates of life expectancy, literacy, and infant mortality, despite one of the lowest per capita incomes. Especially notable is the nearly equal distribution of development benefits to urban, rural, male, female, high-caste, and low-caste sections of the populations. An even population distribution, a cosmopolitan trading history, and the development of militant worker and small farmer organizations led by dedicated activists provide the main explanations for Kerala's achievements. Land reform has redistributed wealth and political power from a rich elite to small holders and landless laborers. Public food distribution at controlled prices, large-scale public health actions, accessible medical facilities, and widespread literacy combine with and reinforce each other to maintain and expand Kerala's achievements. Serious unemployment threatens the Kerala experiment, but Kerala nonetheless offers important lessons to development planners, policymakers, and third world activists.

The Effect of Cultural Values in Mobile Payment Preference

2017 ◽  
pp. 248-263
Author(s):  
Jashim Khan ◽  
Jean-Éric Pelet ◽  
Gary James Rivers ◽  
Na Zuo
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
Negative Perceptions

The purpose of this study is to compare French and New Zealand consumers' perceptions of mobile payments (m-payments) relative to other options to identify the preferred mode of payment and related spending behaviour. Evidence suggests that payment modes can influence spending behaviours and therefore this is important to commerce to promote payment modes that facilitate transactions. Using the Perceptions of Payment Mode (PPM) scale (Khan et al., 2015), this study was able to identify cultural differences on perceptions of cash payments, though both countries' consumers held negative perceptions of, and emotions towards, m-payments relative to other options. The empirical results are useful in understanding cultural aspects of payment modes and for companies to recognise consumers' associations with these modes to enhance relations, services and the use of m-payments.

Data Sources and Issues in Measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Migrant Flow ◽  
Previous Location

This chapter details the data sources deployed and the approaches to deriving measures from them. National definitions of urban settlements vary but are demonstrated to match satellite imagery surprisingly well. Most selected sources ask if the place of origin was rural or urban, though in several censuses this is imputed on the nature of the location of origin, rejecting instances where locations prove too diverse; significant contrasts are not found between the two approaches. Those sources that ask place of birth show significantly lower lifetime migration from urban to rural areas than those reporting only location during childhood; their rural-urban migration propensities do not differ. Measures of migrant flow rates, return migration, and other temporary moves require interim location information. Sources reporting the previous location and duration of residence prove more useful than those asking location five years before. A contention of symmetry between rural-urban and urban-rural migration propensities is rejected.

Military Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-299
Author(s):  
Zoltan Barany
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Military Performance ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Gcc Countries

In Chapter 6 the various strands of the study come together as the actual performance of the Gulf armies is appraised. Given the limited involvement of GCC countries in military operations, the available evidence to base judgments upon their battlefield effectiveness is slender. Therefore, the analysis integrates lessons that may be learned from training and large-scale exercises GCC armies have participated in. To understand Gulf armies’ deficiencies, special attention is paid to the instruction and cultural aspects of the most prestigious military specialization, pilot training. In the second section the scant foreign deployment of Gulf militaries is examined, with special emphasis on the UAE, the only GCC army with extensive experience in this area. The bulk of this chapter centers on the ongoing civil war in Yemen in which the Saudi and Emirati armed forces have played a major role, thus allowing us the opportunity to assess their performance.

Psychological Warfare and the Dahra Peasants

2020 ◽  
pp. 370-401
Author(s):  
Neil Macmaster
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Colonial Warfare ◽  
Mass Evacuation

Chapter 17 examines how Opération Pilote was implemented through a case study of the military sub-secteur of Ténès. A first problem in implementing Pilote arose from the fact that there were major disagreements within the army about the project. Some commanders resisted the new methods of the psychological warfare 5th bureaux, disliked the creation of a ‘parallel’ hierarchy of political commissars, while major tensions emerged between the civil authorities, the prefect Chevrier, and the generals. A close study of Pilote in the Dahra mountains shows that the aim of ‘pacification’ of each douar by cleansing the ALN and installing harkis autodefense, schools, medical teams, and a proto-municipal government was only successful in two highly mediatized locations, the Breira mine and Bou Maad. Far more typical was the situation in the Djebel Bissa where, following large-scale sweep operations and mass arrests, the army was unable to secure the terrain, and moved on rapidly before consolidating new communal organizations. The army command, frustrated at the slowness of Servier’s ‘hearts and minds’ approach, rapidly reverted to traditional methods of colonial warfare, the creation of zones interdites, bombing of civil populations, starvation, and the forced mass evacuation of peasants into army camps. A generalized ‘Massu model’ of cutting the vital ALN dependency on urban-rural supply networks was also tried in Ténès but failed.

scholarly journals Homothetic Behavior of Betweenness Centralities: A Multiscale Alternative Approach to Relate Cities and Large Regional Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7925
Author(s):  
Diego Altafini ◽  
Valerio Cutini
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Sheer Size ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Network Centralities

Regional configuration can reveal important aspects about city sustainability, as local-regional interactions shape the evolution and inner geography of urban settlements. However, modelling these large-scale structures remains a challenge, due to their sheer size as physical objects. Despite recent improvements in processing power and computing methods, extensive time periods are still required for ordinary microprocessors to model network centralities in road-graphs with high element counts, connectivity and topological depth. Generalization is often the chosen option to mitigate time-constraints of regional network complexity. Nevertheless, this can impact visual representation and model precision, especially when multiscale comparisons are desired. Tests using Normalized Angular Choice (NACH), a Space Syntax mathematical derivative of Betweenness Centrality, found recursive visual similitudes in centrality spatial distribution when modelling distinct scaled map sections of the same large regional network structure. Therefore, a sort of homothetic behavior is identified, since statistical analyses demonstrate that centrality values and distributions remain rather consistent throughout scales, even when considering edge effects. This paper summarizes these results and considers homotheties as an alternative to extensive network generalization. Hence, data maps can be constructed sooner and more accurately as “pieces of a puzzle”, since each individual lesser scale graph possesses a faster processing time.

Comparing Facilitator Priorities of Suicide Survivor Support Groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
William Feigelman ◽  
Beverly Feigelman ◽  
Daisuke Kawashima ◽  
Keisuke Shiraga ◽  
Kenji Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Survivor Of Suicide ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Group Facilitators

A total of 56 Japanese and 59 American survivor of suicide support group facilitators were asked to rank the mutual aid objectives of their groups following Shulman’s scheme in terms of their frequency and importance. Both American and Japanese facilitators showed an emphasis on personal adaptation goals (such as helping bereaved feel less isolated in their grief or encouraging bereaved to share their coping with loss experiences) over collective goals (such as raising monies for more research on mental illness or trying to combat societal suicide stigma in their local communities). Differences were also noted with American facilitators evaluating helping with problem solving, sharing different ways of coping, viewing personal issues as societal problems, and advocating for promoting social change as significantly higher than the Japanese did. We believe some of these contrasts reflect differences in American and Japanese cultural values.

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