Sanctifying the expansion of carceral control: Spiritual Supervision in the religious lives of criminalized Latinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
State Power ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
And Control

Drawing from ethnographic data and interviews collected in a Latina/o Pentecostal organization based in Northern California’s Bay Area, this paper analyzes how a religious street ministry that offers rehabilitation services and spiritual aid to criminalized individuals enacts spiritual supervision. Spiritual supervision refers to the process by which religious organizations incentivize middle-class individuals to participate in the construction of a criminalized class of individuals, as part of how they practice their Christian identities. This article analyzes how middle-class congregants supervise the actions and behaviors of criminalized individuals who perform gendered physical labor and participate in public dramatizations of their criminal stigma in exchange for housing, food, and religious participation. Spiritual supervision provides a novel theoretical framework for analyzing how carceral state power spreads through the institutional missions and practices of institutions that aim to rehabilitate but also reinforce racialized, gendered, and classed hierarchies that further stigmatize and control criminalized people. As a less visible form of punishment imposed outside formal criminal justice institutions, spiritual supervision illuminates how carceral control operates and affects spiritual and religious landscapes.

‘Here in India’: Nineteenth-Century British Women Navigating their Position in the Empire through Children's Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Jesse Aberbach
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Maternal Roles ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Botanical Study

This article considers how the children's books written by two nineteenth-century female writers, Eliza Tabor and Mary Martha Sherwood, when they accompanied their husbands to India, enabled them to navigate this new environment and their position as respectable middle-class women while revealing how India was deemed a place where British childhood was impossible. Just as many women took up botanical study to legitimise their ‘otherwise transgressive presence in imperial spaces’ (McEwan 219), writing for children enabled others to engage with the masculine world of travelling and earning money without compromising their femininity. Addressing their work to children also seems to have helped both writers to deal with the absence of their own children: the Indian climate made it impossibly challenging for most British infants and children. In this way their writing gives expression to what might be termed a crisis of imperial motherhood. Underlying the texts is an anxiety relating to British settlement and an attempt to comprehend and control a place that threatened their maternal roles.

scholarly journals Creating and Maintaining Structural Hindrances to Criminal Justice Control – A Policy Analysis on the Normalisation of Parental Violence as a Crime in Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110208
Author(s):  
Riikka Kotanen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
And Control

In the context of home, violence remains more accepted when committed against children than adults. Normalisation of parental violence has been documented in attitudinal surveys, professional practices, and legal regulation. For example, in many countries violent disciplining of children is the only legal form of interpersonal violence. This study explores the societal invisibility and normalisation of parental violence as a crime by analysing legislation and control policies regulating the division of labour and involvement between social welfare and criminal justice authorities. An empirical case study from Finland, where all forms of parental violence were legally prohibited in 1983, is used to elucidate the divergence between (criminal) law and control policies. The analysis demonstrates how normalisation operates at the policy-level where, within the same system of control that criminalised these acts, structural hindrances are built to prevent criminal justice interventions.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
State Formation ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
And Control

The conclusion reiterates the centrality of the coroner system and its oversight in the monopolization of violence, state formation, and the growth of state power by creating and delineating new definitions of legitimate and illegitimate violence. It also examines the resulting decline of extra-judicial violence—blood feud, vendetta etc.—and subsequent attempts by the English state to target and control non-lethal forms of non-state violence such as riot and assault. Finally, the conclusion offers some initial comparisons with continental Europe and suggests that the trends seen in England may have been mirrored by similar attempts to monopolize violence in the Holy Roman Empire.

scholarly journals A Place Called Supermarket

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisabeth Goidanich ◽  
Carmen Rial
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The City

Abstract: The objective of this study is to interpret supermarket stores as privileged spaces for the observation of social relations. The article is based on an ethnography of shopping conducted in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil, by observing middle class housewives during their daily shopping in supermarkets. These stores are seen as places, in opposition to that proposed by Augè (1995), who affirms that supermarkets are non-places produced by supermodernity. The article discusses the history of supermarkets, their role in the cultural and social transformations of the twentieth century, as well as ethnographic data, and shows that it is possible to identify many social interactions inside Brazilian supermarkets.

scholarly journals Interaction of the Probation Service and Civil Society Institutions in the Implementation of Probation Tasks

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Tetiana Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
State Service ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The current national legislation, which regulates the organization and implementation of probation in Ukraine in terms of regulating the cooperation of the probation service with civil society institutions, is analyzed. It has been established that such cooperation is possible by involving volunteers in probation in carrying out tasks related to the supervision of convicts and the implementation of social and educational work with them, as well as interaction on a contractual basis with enterprises, institutions and organizations irrespective of the forms of ownership. The disadvantages of such regulation are revealed, including the discrepancy between the norms of the Law of Ukraine «On Probation» and the Regulation on the organization of volunteers' probation activities in terms of involving volunteers in cooperation. The Law «On Probation» proposes to regulate the principles of cooperation of the probation service with public and religious organizations with the definition of mutual rights and responsibilities, responsibility, supervision and control over the activities of the relevant organizations in the field of probation by the probation service. The prospects and effectiveness of cooperation of the probation service with religious organizations, especially with regard to the implementation of social and educational work with the convicts, are analyzed, on the basis of foreign experience and experience of cooperation of state service and religious organizations in the sphere of resocialization of convicts and ensuring public safety. It is concluded that the actual introduction of probation (not the formal implementation of the relevant legislative provisions, but the actual cooperation with the person who committed the crime, aimed at preventing her from committing new crimes without isolating her from society, and vice versa with a real involvement in social processes) is impossible without the close cooperation of probation service with civil society institutions. It is proposed at the legislative level to strengthen the possibility of the development and implementation of non-state alternative probation programs by religious organizations of non-prisoners with probation.

Not Working and Unable to Work

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keesha M. Middlemass
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Convicted Felons

This chapter explores the challenges felons face in securing employment, including criminal history background checks, industry restrictions, changes in public policies, the growth of technology, and the reluctance of companies to hire felons. Most participants reentered society unable to secure legal employment due to divergent levels of education and social capital, and the increased use of criminal history background checks. A job is critically important to successfully reenter society due to the increased practice of local and state governments imposing criminal justice fees and fines, as well as child-support payments in arrears. Based on interview and ethnographic data, this chapter details the challenges convicted felons encounter when looking for work, and also explores some of the strategies that participants used in an effort to secure gainful legal employment.

Self-segregation strategies through school choice in Chile: A middle-class domain?

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332110365
Author(s):  
Alejandro Carrasco ◽  
Manuela Mendoza ◽  
Carolina Flores
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Middle Class Families

Sociological research has shown that marketized educational systems favour middle-class families’ self-segregation strategies through school choice and, consequently, the reproduction of their social advantage over poorer families. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of capitals, habitus and strategy, we analyse quantitative and ethnographic data on parents’ school choice from Chile to introduce nuances to this argument, evincing more extended and complex mechanisms of self-segregation in the Chilean marketized educational system. We found that not only middle-class parents but also parents from different socioeconomic groups displayed self-segregating school choice strategies. We also found that these strategies were performed both vertically (in relation to other social classes) and horizontally (in relation to other groups within the same social class). These findings unwrap a possible stronger effect of the Chilean school choice system over segregation.

Mainstreaming the Asian Mall

Trespassers? ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willow S. Lung-Amam
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Projected Image ◽  
Asian Diaspora ◽  
And Control

This chapter investigates Asian American-oriented shopping centers. It shows that these malls are central in the lives of Asian American suburbanites. For many, the malls serve their practical needs, support vital social networks, and foster their sense of place, community, and connection to the larger Asian diaspora. But these vibrant pseudopublic spaces are also deeply contested. In Fremont, many non-Asian American residents, policy makers, and planners have charged that these malls are socially exclusionary and questioned their deviance in form and norm from the conventions of suburban retail. The chapter shows how these debates have framed ethnic shopping malls as “problem spaces” that required greater regulation and scrutiny. Yet planners and city officials have also used their power to regulate and control these shopping centers to promote particular visions of multiculturalism that are more aligned with their projected image of a middle-class suburb.

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