Visual Priming and Framing During the 2020 Democratic Presidential Debates: Electoral Status Predicts Favorable Camera Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-276
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Stewart ◽  
Austin D. Eubanks ◽  
Nicholas Hersom ◽  
Cooper A. Hearn
Keyword(s):  
National Committee ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
Visual Priming ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Visual Coverage

The 2020 Democratic presidential primary debates provide a unique opportunity to systematically evaluate network visual production choices in a multicandidate context. The joint decision of the Democratic National Committee and NBC to include an expansive field of twenty contenders through “prime-time” debates on consecutive nights (June 26 and 27, 2019) provided for a natural experiment with equal numbers of top- and second-tier candidates randomly assigned to each night. In this preregistered study, we evaluate whether candidates are treated differently in the amount of camera time they receive (visual priming) and types of camera shots they appear in (visual framing) based on electoral status. We replicate a study of the initial two Democratic and Republican 2016 presidential primary debates for each party and that found the top-two candidates received substantially better visual coverage than all others. We confirm and extend these findings by evaluating different operationalizations of electoral status (top-two, top-tier, stage position, and poll standing). Findings suggest that when visual priming is considered, stage position outperforms other electoral status indicators in terms of explaining variance for total camera and average fixation time. In terms of visual framing, head-and-shoulder “one-shots” are better predicted by top-tier status, whereas public opinion poll standing predicts increased time spent in multiple-candidate shots. Finally, appearances in “two-shots” (side-by-side and split-screen portrayals) were not significantly explained by electoral status, likely due to the paucity of these depictions.

Visual priming and framing of the 2016 GOP and Democratic Party presidential primary debates

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Stewart ◽  
Austin D. Eubanks ◽  
Jason Miller
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Fox News ◽  
Audience Reaction ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
Visual Priming ◽  
Visual Coverage

In an on-demand media environment, the 2016 presidential primary debates provided a ratings and economic boost to host networks surpassing all prior primary debates and even major sporting events in viewership. In turn, millions of viewers were exposed to and subtly influenced by the ways in which these candidates were visually presented. We analyze how the Republican and Democratic presidential candidates were presented in their initial two debates (Fox News and CNN; CNN and CBS, respectively). Candidates are considered in terms of visual priming through aggregate camera time and average camera fixation time and how contenders were visually framed through the proportion of different camera shot types used (solo, split screen, side by side, multiple candidate, and audience reaction). Findings suggest that while the front-runners from both political parties benefited from preferential visual coverage, Donald Trump stood out in terms of the visual priming and framing that presented him as a serious contender.

Family as a framing resource for political identity construction: Introduction sequences in presidential primary debates

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Family Identity ◽  
Political Identities ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
Family Discourse ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Family Identities

AbstractThis study investigates the construction of political identity in the 2011–2012 US Republican presidential primary debates. Focusing on candidates’ self-introductions, I analyze how candidates use references to family members and roles to frame their political identities or ‘presidential selves’. Family references are shown to (i) frame candidates’ personal identities as family men/women; (ii) interweave the spheres of home and politics and consequently, their private and public selves; (iii) serve as a tool of discursive one-upmanship in self-introduction sequences; and (iv) demonstrate intimate familiarity and expertise on the topic of national security. This study extends research on family discourse and identity by examining the rhetorical function of mentioning family-related identities in explicitly persuasive public discourse, and contributes to sociolinguistic research on political discourse by examining how family identities serve as a resource for framing political identities. (Discourse analysis, framing, family, identity, political discourse, presidential debates, sequentiality)

Images of liberation? Visual framing, humanitarianism and British press photography during the 2003 Iraq invasion

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Parry
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
British Press ◽  
Visual Coverage

Although the 2003 Iraq invasion was not wholly framed as a ‘humanitarian intervention’, the rhetoric of bringing liberation, democratization and human rights to the Iraqi people was widely advanced by the coalition and supporters as a legitimating reason for war. This article assesses the role played by press photography in legitimizing or challenging this crucial framing during the invasion across a range of UK national newspapers. Privileging visual content in research design, the study presents selected results from a comprehensive content and framing analysis of press photography during the invasion period (March–April 2003), specifically examining the prominence and treatment of photographs in the humanitarian-related visual coverage, along with the accompanying words used to define, support or detract from the events depicted. While finding that the rationale of humanitarianism generally played well for the coalition during this study period, this article explores the problematic nature of the narrative of liberation.

Integration in Global Supply Chains

2011 ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawnee Vickery ◽  
Cornelia Droge
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
Environmental Turbulence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Internal Integration

Supply chain management (SCM) demands a holistic view of the functions and processes required to bring a product or service to market. It assumes that optimization of subsystems does not necessarily lead to global optimization and that the supply chain should be strategically managed as a single entity in order to effectively and efficiently deliver the desired results. SCM requires supply chain integration, both internal integration (for example, across functions) and integration with suppliers, customers, and/or other concerned channel members. The key recurring themes characterizing integration research as applied to business processes concern connectivity and simplification. Connectivity implies seamless linkages (internally or externally) and encompasses coordination, collaboration, cooperation, and interaction. Simplification is the common manifestation of system optimization. The most important specific mechanisms for achieving integration are teams (or integration via human interaction) and IT (or information integration); these two are central to the evolution of knowledge integration into a collaborative “culture” of joint decision-making and knowledge management. The literature suggests that integration in a supply chain and firm performance are positively linked. Although a lot of research in a variety of research domains has addressed cross-functional teams or IT (internal integration) and firm performance, less work has been done on the interaction of integration mechanisms or on the impact of integration mechanisms conditional on other factors, such as environmental turbulence. Furthermore, empirical research with a holistic supply chain orientation is in its infancy. For example, neither second tier suppliers and customers nor recyclers are typically considered. The chapter concludes by suggesting several avenues for future research in global supply chain integration.

Reforming the Presidential Nomination Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Tolbert ◽  
Peverill Squire
Keyword(s):  
Primary Elections ◽  
Recent History ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Presidential Nomination ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
Presidential Nominations

The 2008 presidential nomination was marked by the most aggressive frontloading in recent history; the process was a mess from the outset. Frontloading is the trend in recent presidential nominations in which states schedule their primaries and caucuses near the beginning of the delegate-selection season to have a greater impact on the process. In 1976, 10% of the delegates had been chosen by March 2. In 2008, 70% of the delegates had been chosen by that same date. As part of their ongoing efforts to address frontloading and other problems, both the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and Republican National Committee (RNC) revised the schedules and rules for 2008 presidential primary elections and caucuses.

Visual framing of the European refugee crisis in Der Spiegel and CNN International: Global journalism in news photographs

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Lea Hellmueller
Keyword(s):  
Online News ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
News Magazine ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
News Outlet ◽  
And Control ◽  
Online News Sites ◽  
Visual Coverage

Building on previous research that has theorized and operationalized the concept of global journalism, this study analyzed 287 photographs published on CNN International and Der Spiegel online news sites to examine the evidence of global journalism practices in visual news content. The results of the quantitative content analysis revealed that the transnational news outlet CNN International more frequently used close-ups and tracking shots to feature refugees in its visual reportage than the German news magazine Der Spiegel. The large presence of the ‘human interest’ and the ‘lose/gain’ frames in CNN International’s visual coverage emphasized the humanitarian aspect of global suffering. In contrast, apart from the ‘human interest’ frame, the ‘law and control’ and ‘xenophobia’ frames were adopted in Der Spiegel’s visual coverage. Using such a comparison, this study discussed if news sources’ capacity of managing the visibility of suffering could reflect a cosmopolitan viewpoint on a global issue.

Tweeting Presidential Primary Debates: Debate Processing Through Motivated Twitter Instruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddie J. Jennings ◽  
Calvin R. Coker ◽  
Mitchell S. McKinney ◽  
Benjamin R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
Following Instructions

Researchers have noted that an individual’s processing of political media messages occurs through various filters including partisanship, interest, and cynicism. The phenomenon of motivated processing, however, is understudied particularly in the context of televised presidential debates. As major campaign events, presidential debates have been linked to increases in viewers’ political knowledge, political information efficacy, and changes in candidate evaluation. Yet individual’s information processing, largely unexplored in the extant debate literature, may well influence these outcomes. In the present study, we manipulate processing of a political debate and monitor the effects through participant engagement with social media. Researchers asked debate viewers to tweet while watching 2016 Democrat and Republican presidential primary debates following instructions designed to prime either directional motivated processing or accuracy motivated processing. The results demonstrate that the accuracy prompt reduced issue-based tweeting and therefore reduced knowledge acquisition. Conversely, the directional prompt increased issue-based tweeting and therefore increased knowledge acquisition.

What Katrina Revealed: A Visual Analysis of the Hurricane Coverage by News Wires and U.S. Newspapers

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahira Fahmy ◽  
James D. Kelly ◽  
Yung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Associated Press ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
News Event ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Visual Coverage

Results of a comparative visual analysis of front-page photographs in U.S. newspapers and photographs distributed by the Associated Press and Reuters wire services revealed that gatekeeping decisions played an influential role in the coverage of Hurricane Katrina in the late summer of 2005. Front-page photographs differed significantly from photographs provided by news wires. Overall, our analyses challenge the notion that decisions made by wire services dictate the visual coverage of a news event and suggest that gatekeeping selections and use of available information are key factors in visual framing.

Masking Effects on Lateralized Visual Priming

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent Welsh ◽  
Anita Sarno ◽  
Gabriele Gratton ◽  
Monica Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Priming
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