scholarly journals Surface roughness and color measurements of glazed or polished hybrid, feldspathic, and Zirconia CAD/CAM restorative materials after hot and cold coffee immersion

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujain I. Aldosari ◽  
Abdulkhaliq A. Alshadidi ◽  
Amit Porwal ◽  
Nasser M. Al Ahmari ◽  
Mohammed M. Al Moaleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Abstract Background The purpose of this study evaluates and compares the effect of surface roughness (Ra) and color stability on computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid resin (Vita Enamic), feldspathic (Vitablocs® Mark II), and lithium disilicate Zirconia (Vita Suprinity) glazed or polished ceramics immersed in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. Methods A total of 96 standardized samples were prepared from CAD/CAM restorative materials. Half of the samples were polished as per the manufacturer’s instructions using a porcelain polishing kit, and the other half were glazed. Samples were distributed and immersed in hot Arabian Qahwa and cold coffee followed by thermocycling. Ra measurements and color changes were conducted before and after immersion. SEM images were captured from each type of glazed or polished ceramic. One-way ANOVA paired Student’s t-test, and Bonferroni test were conducted to detect significant difference between the groups. P > 0.05 was a significant level. Results Of all the tested samples, Ra increased without any significant difference; however, mean color changes (ΔE*) showed significant differences. An increase in Ra was noted for all the glazed and polished samples after immersion and thermocycling. However, differences were significant only in VM II. In addition, ΔE* was significant only in Vita Suprinity (VS) samples. For immersion groups, significant Ra changes were noticed in glazed samples, only in Vita Enamic (VE) with no ΔE*. In polished samples, mean Ra changes were observed in VM II and VS samples. Significant differences were also noticed in polished VE and VS subgroups of ΔE*. Conclusions Ra affects all the tested samples, providing higher values on the polished specimens. The ΔE* caused by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee on glazed or polished CAD/CAM restorative materials were clinically acceptable.

Evaluation of Polishing Systems for CAD/CAM Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic-Network Restorations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Jurado ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
H Watanabe ◽  
NG Fischer ◽  
JA Hasslen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
A Company

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different polishing systems on a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network restoration with nanoscale assessment using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and visual assessment performed by dental school senior students and faculty members. Method: Forty-eight full coverage crowns were milled out of polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic) for polishing with one company proprietary, two ceramic and two composite polishing systems. The prepared crowns were divided into six groups: (1) no polishing (control); (2) polishing with Vita Enamic Polishing Kit (VEna); (3) polishing with Shofu Porcelain Laminate Polishing Kit (SCer); (4) polishing with Brasseler Dialite Feather lite All- Ceramic Adjusting & Polishing System (BCer); (5) polishing with Shofu Composite Polishing Kit (SCom); and (6) polishing with Brasseler Composite Polishing Kit (BCom). The polished crown surface topography was observed, and surface roughness and area were measured with AFM. In addition, polished crowns were visually assessed by 15 senior dental students and 15 dental school faculty members. Results: All polishing treatments significantly reduced the surface roughness and area of the crown compared with the control. SCom and BCom showed significantly higher surface area than VEna, and the SCer and BCer groups were intermediate, showing no significant difference from either VEna or SCom and BCom. There were no significant differences in surface roughness between any of the systems. Dental students and faculty members classified the groups polished with VEna, SCer, and BCer groups as clinically acceptable, and they selected BCer group as the best polished restorations and the control group as the least polished restorations. Conclusions: Ceramic and composite polishing systems produced similar polishing results as that observed using a company proprietary polishing system. However, effectiveness for polishing using a company proprietary and ceramic polishing system tends to be higher than composite polishing systems.

scholarly journals How a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Home Bleaching Agent Affects the Surface Properties of Chairside CAD/CAM Materials?

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-353
Author(s):  
Tugba Serin-Kalay ◽  
Beyza Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam

Surface changes of restorative materials after bleaching have clinical importance in terms of the durability and survival of restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of home bleaching on the surface roughness, microhardness, and surface analysis of four different types of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Specimens were prepared from composite resin (Brilliant Crios: BC), resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate: LU), polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (Vita Enamic: VE), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (Vita Suprinity: VS) CAD/CAM materials. Specimens were polished using 800, 1000, 1200, and 2000 grit SiC papers. Each restorative material was randomly divided into two groups; control and bleaching (n=10). The 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent (Whiteness Perfect 16%, FGM) was applied to the specimens for 4 h/day for 14 days. Surface roughness values (Ra) were obtained using a profilometer, and microhardness values (VHN) were obtained using a Vickers microhardness test. Surface analysis of specimens was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Data were analyzed Two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (p<0.05). After bleaching, the surface roughness of BC (p<0.001) and VE (p<0.032) significantly increased. Bleaching did not significantly affect the microhardness of CAD/CAM materials. SEM evaluation showed material-dependent surface damages after bleaching procedures. The effect of 16% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent on surface roughness and microhardness of chairside CAD/CAM materials is material-dependent. Before bleaching, restorative materials should be protected by applying a protective barrier and contact with the bleaching agent should be minimized. Also, after bleaching, the restoration surface should be carefully inspected, and re-polishing might be beneficial.

Effect of Simulated Mastication on the Surface Roughness and Wear of Machinable Ceramics and Opposing Dental Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Daryakenari ◽  
H Alaghehmand ◽  
A Bijani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Aided Design

SUMMARY Objective: Computer aided design-computer aided machining (CAD-CAM) ceramic crowns are replacing ceramo-metal ones due to newly developed mechanical properties and esthetics. To obtain knowledge about their interactions due to polishing and occlusal contacts with the opposing dental enamel specimen, including surface roughness and wear, the three-body wear simulation was investigated. Methods and Materials: The surface roughness (RA) and wear rate (mm) of four CAD-CAM blocks with different compositions including Vita Mark II, e.max, Suprinity, and Enamic, after two surface treatments of glazing and polishing, and their opposing enamel specimens, were investigated using a mastication simulator and atomic force microscope. Results: The roughness of all ceramic and to a greater extent enamel samples, with the exception of enamel opposing polished Enamic samples, was decreased after wear. No significant difference in wear was evident for the ceramic samples between the glazed and polished treatments. Lower wear rates were recorded only for polished Vita Mark II and polished Enamic in comparison to the glazed ones. Conclusion: The newly developed polishing systems for CAD-CAM ceramics can be good alternatives to reglazing, because the roughness and wear rate of both the ceramic and the opposing enamel will either not change or decrease.

scholarly journals Color stability and surface roughness of resin based direct and indirect restorative materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilge ERSÖZ ◽  
Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu ◽  
Elif Aybala Oktay ◽  
Numan Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

Purpose: This study investigated discoloration and surface roughness (Ra) of resin-based computer aided design (CAD)/computer aided manufacturing (CAM) blocks and direct and indirect resin composites after staining with coffee. Materials & Methods: Using a Teflon mold, 60 disc shaped specimens (8×2 mm2) were fabricated from direct (Estelite Asteria and GrandioSO) and indirect (Gradia Plus) resin composites, and 30 resin CAD/CAM specimens (12×14×2 mm3) were prepared from resin composite CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic, Brilliant Crios, and Cerasmart) (n=10). A contact type profilometer was used to determine the Ra of all 60 polished samples. All specimens were thermocycled between 5 and 55°C for 3000 cycles, and immersed in coffee solution (37°C) for 1 and 7 days. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the color change (∆E00) with the CIEDE2000 formula after the specimens were re-polished. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test was performed to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: The lowest degree of discoloration among the materials tested was found in Vita Enamic resin CAD/CAM block (p<0.001), whereas the highest degree of discoloration was found in the Gradia Plus indirect composite (p<0.001). There was no significant difference was seen between the initial surface roughness values (Ra) among the groups (p=0.249). No significant improvement was observed in the color of the groups except for the Cerasmart resin block after after polishing. Conclusion: Direct resin composites have a higher discoloration potential over resin-based CAD/CAM blocks, whereas they are less prone to discoloration than indirect resin composites

Surface Roughness of Two CAD/CAM Restorative Materials as Affected by Chewing Simulation v1

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
eaeldwakhly not provided
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chewing Simulation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Individual

This study was conducted to assess the surface characteristics in terms of roughness of two CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing)restorative material spre and post chewing simulation exposure. Methods: Specimens were prepared from two CAD/CAM ceramic materials: Cerec Blocs C and IPS e-max ZirCAD. A total of 10 disks were prepared for each study group. 3D optical noncontact surface profiler was used to test the surface roughness (ContourGT, Bruker, Campbell, CA, USA). A silicone mold was used to fix the individual samples using a self-curing resin. Surface roughness (SR) was examined pre and post exposure to chewing simulation. 480,000 simulated chewing cycles were conducted to mimic roughly two years of intraoral clinical service. The results data was first tested for normality and equal variance (Levene’s test >0.05) then examined with paired and independent sample t-test at a significance level of (p < 0.05). Results:The two CAD-CAM materials tested exhibited increased surface roughness from baseline. The highest mean surface roughness was observed in Cerec blocs C group after chewing simulation (2.34 µm± 0.62 µm). Whereas the lowest surface roughness was observed in IPS e.max ZirCAD group before chewing simulation (0.42 µm± 0.16 µm). Both study groups exhibited significantly different surface roughness values (p< 0.05). There was a statistically higher surface roughness values after the chewing simulation in Cerec blocs C when compared to IPS e.max ZirCAD groups (p = 0.000).Conclusion:Even though both tested CAD/CAM materials differ in recorded surface roughness values, results were within clinically accepted values.

scholarly journals Chairside CAD/CAM Materials: Current Trends of Clinical Uses

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Giulio Marchesi ◽  
Alvise Camurri Piloni ◽  
Vanessa Nicolin ◽  
Gianluca Turco ◽  
Roberto Di Lenarda
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Restorative materials are experiencing an extensive upgrade thanks to the use of chairside Computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations. Therefore, due to the variety offered in the market, choosing the best material could be puzzling for the practitioner. The clinical outcome of the restoration is influenced mainly by the material and its handling than by the fabrication process (i.e., CAD/CAM). Information on the restorative materials performances can be difficult to gather and compare. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of chairside CAD/CAM materials, their classification, and clinically relevant aspects that enable the reader to select the most appropriate material for predictable success.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Wear Ability of Five CAD/CAM Dental Blocks

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin ◽  
Jang ◽  
Lee ◽  
Bae
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

This study compares the mechanical properties and wear ability of five CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) millable dental blocks. All the discs, including Amber Mill Hybrid, Vita Enamic, Katana Avencia, Lava Ultimate, and Amber Mill, were cut in dimensions of 1.2 mm in thickness and 12 mm in diameter, polished to a machined surface, and immersed in distilled water for seven days. Vickers hardness was measured and the indentations were observed using microscope. The discs were brushed under a 150 g load. Mean surface roughness (Ra) and topography were determined after 100,000 cycles. Finally the biaxial flexure strength of the discs was measured and the broken surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was subjected to Weibull analysis. All data were analyzed by one-way analysis (ANOVA). The results of Vickers hardness are shown as: Amber Mill > Vita Enamic > Amber Mill Hybrid > Lava Ultimate > Katana Avencia. Katana Avencia showed the highest volume percentage reduction and the roughest surface after toothbrushing. The biaxial flexural strength is shown as: Amber Mill > Katana Avencia > Lava Ultimate > Amber Mill Hybrid > Vita Enamic. All the tested materials exhibited varying degrees of mass loss and surface roughness. The properties of the composite materials are related to the filler content, filler volume, and polymerization methods.

Effects of Polishing Bur Application Force and Reuse on Sintered Zirconia Surface Topography

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Fischer ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
AG Baruth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

SUMMARY Objective: Limited information is available on how to polish and finish zirconia surfaces following computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), specifically, how differing application forces and reuse of zirconia polishing systems affect zirconia topography. Purpose: To determine the effect of differing, clinically relevant, polishing application forces and multiple usages of polishing burs on the surface topography of CAD/CAM zirconia. Methods: One hundred twenty 220-grit carbide finished zirconia disks were sintered according to manufacturer's directions and divided into two groups for the study of two coarse polishing bur types. Each group was divided into subgroups for polishing (15,000 rpm) at 15 seconds for 1.0 N, 4.5 N, or 11 N of force using a purpose-built fixture. Subgroups were further divided to study the effects of polishing for the first, fifth, 15th, and 30th bur use, simulating clinical procedures. Unpolished surfaces served as a control group. Surfaces were imaged with noncontact optical profilometry (OP) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure average roughness values (Ra). Polishing burs were optically examined for wear. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on burs and zirconia surfaces. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) tests (α=0.05) were used for statistical analyses. Results: AFM and OP Ra values of all polished surfaces were significantly lower than those of the unpolished control. Different polishing forces and bur reuse showed no significant differences in AFM Ra. However, significant differences in OP Ra were found due to differing application forces and bur reuse between the first and subsequent uses. SEM and optical micrographs revealed notable bur wear, increasing with increasing reuse. SEM and AFM micrographs clearly showed polished, periodic zirconia surfaces. Nanoscale topography, as analyzed with kurtosis and average groove depth, was found dependent on the specific polishing bur type. Conclusions: These in vitro results suggest changes in OP Ra due to bur reuse and polishing application force. Within the parameters of this study, the resultant topography of zirconia polishing is force-dependent and the reuse of coarse polishing burs is possible without statistically significant differences in Ra values after initial use. Nanoscale and microscale topography were shown to depend on specific polishing bur type.

scholarly journals Different fabrication techniques of implant-supported prostheses

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. e191573
Author(s):  
Silas Monteiro Borges ◽  
Stephanie Francoi Poole ◽  
Izabela Cristina Maurício Moris ◽  
Aloísio Oro Spazzin ◽  
Adriana Cláudia Lapria Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Thermomechanical Cycling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Aim: This study evaluated the mechanical behavior of implant-supported crowns obtained by different fabrication technique after thermomechanical cycling. Methods: Thirty-two external hexagon dental implants were divided into four groups (n=10): CC – conventional casting with torch; EI – electromagnetic induction casting; PL – plasma casting; and CAD-CAM – milling through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. Vickers microhardness of the specimens were made before and after the thermomechanical cycling, and then subjected to fracture load. Fracture pattern was evaluated. Results: No significant difference was observed comparing the microhardness before and after thermomechanical cycling. CAD-CAM group presented significant lower microhardness than the other groups. No significant statistical difference was showed on fracture load between the groups. The CAD-CAM and PL presented lower number of failure by plastic deformation. Conclusion: The manufacturing techniques affected the mechanical behavior and the failure pattern of implant-supported crowns tested.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Precision Evaluation of International Standard Spherical Model by Digital Dental Scanners

Scanning ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hong Xin Cai ◽  
Qi Jia ◽  
HaoYu Shi ◽  
Yujie Jiang ◽  
Jingnan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Sphere Model ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Aided Design

With the popularization of digital technology and the exposure of traditional technology’s defects, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been widely used in the field of dentistry. And the accuracy of the scanning system determines the ultimate accuracy of the prosthesis, which is a very important part of CAD/CAM, so we decided to evaluate the accuracy of the intraoral and extraoral scanners. In this study, we selected the sphere model as the scanning object and obtained the final result through data analysis and 3D fitting. In terms of trueness and precision, the scanner of SHINING was significantly different from that of others; however, there was no significant difference between TRIOS and CEREC. SHINING showed the lowest level of accuracy, with CEREC slightly lower than TRIOS. The sphere model has also been proven to be scanned successfully.

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