The study of the impact of RMB appreciation on China’s service trade and the dealings of the enterprise’s strategies

2014 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Keyword(s):  
Service Trade ◽  
Rmb Appreciation ◽  
The Impact

Exchange rate appreciation, trade competition and technology transaction: evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingping Cheng ◽  
Sumei Gan
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Domestic Technology ◽  
Rmb Appreciation ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
Export Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foreign Enterprises ◽  
Trade Competition

PurposeThe purpose of this study is mainly to investigate the stimulating effect on technology transactions of trade competition resultant from RMB appreciation.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses Chinese provincial panel data from 1998 to 2015 and utilizes GMM method to estimate the stimulating effect of RMB appreciation on technical transactions through trade competition.FindingsThe results demonstrate that RMB appreciation can encourage enterprises to make use of domestic technology market resources for innovation. Specifically, the increase in imports due to the appreciation of RMB can generate technology spill-over and significantly promote technology trade. The export competition resultant from RMB appreciation can also encourage domestic and foreign enterprises to enhance export competitiveness through increased technology transactions.Originality/valueThe current research investigates the impact of exchange rate on independent innovation, but this study demonstrates the influence of exchange rate on technology transactions. In addition, the data in this study cover 1998–2015 in China and thus contributes to determining the effects of exchange rate appreciation in emerging countries.

scholarly journals Forecasting algorithm of tourism service trade based on PSO-optimized hybrid RVM model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
Xuanjun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Forecast Result ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAs a comprehensive form of trade, tourism service trade has had a profound impact on the economies of various countries. This research mainly discusses the tourism service trade forecasting algorithm based on the PSO-optimized hybrid RVM model. This study extracts 8 indicators including gross national product, total fixed asset investment, total import and export, China's import and export tariff rate, the exchange rate of renminbi to the US dollar, and the global economic growth rate. The same as the impact indicators of tourism service trade, but there is a certain degree of redundancy and correlation in these indicators. In order to measure the correlation between the evaluation indicators, the autocorrelation evaluation function in MATLAB is used, and the principal component analysis method is used to extract the principal components that can represent the indicators in a larger percentage. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the RVM model, based on the adaptive construction model structure and initial model weights, the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the RVM model weights. The optimization process takes the minimum error of the RVM model as the algorithm search target, and each represents the RVM model. The algorithm finds the value and threshold of the optimal RVM model through the particle swarm tracking search algorithm and then uses the original RVM model and the optimized RVM prediction respectively total amount of tourism service trade in City A, and compares the prediction errors of the single RVM method and the PSO-optimized RVM method, and analyzes the degree of model prediction error reduction after the PSO model optimizes the RVM model. According to the forecast result, the relative average error of 2020 is 5.7%, and the forecast result is relatively accurate. This research is helpful to provide scientific reference for my country's tourism service trade.

EMU and public service trade unionism: between states and markets

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Foster ◽  
Peter Scott
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
National Level ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Single Currency ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
The Impact

This article considers the attitudes to the single currency of public service trade unions, illustrating this through a number of nationally based case studies. We examine claims about the impact of EMU on welfare states and public expenditure, and particularly the extent to which the governance of EMU attests a ‘neoliberal', marketising approach towards the public sphere. We find that any such tendency has been offset by the recent resurgence of forms of national-level bipartite or tripartite economic and social coordination, managing the effects of EMU through social dialogue. The subsequent section of the paper develops a categorisation of four main trends evident in European public service trade unions'response to the single currency: enthusiasm, altruism, scepticism and resistance. The dominant attitude to date has been acceptance. We highlight dangers for democratic legitimacy within public sector unions in cases where leadership support for EMU has exceeded that of the membership, and indicate some potential areas for future public service union influence in the EMU.

Trade in Services

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Alan Williams ◽  
Jeff Loder
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Impact

Compared to trade in goods, there hasn’t been much attention given to international exchange in services and efforts to promote liberalization of those exchanges. Despite considerable efforts to promote global and regional services liberalization since the 1980s, much of the study of “trade in services” remains somewhat underdeveloped. Governments maintain foreign direct investment (FDI) restrictions on the ownership and operation of financial services and media companies, and most countries continue to insist on strict limitations on the rights of workers to trade their services across borders. While the revolution in communications and transportation technology in recent decades has intensified interest in services, services are still highly regulated and the removal of traditional trade barriers is inadequate to promote liberalization. The initiatives undertaken to promote the removal of service trade barriers include the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade In Services (GATS); the European Union’s (EU) Services Directive; and the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) signed by member states of the Association of South Eastern Asian Nation members (ASEAN) in 1995. These initiatives have generated a range of academic controversies and investigation, which has explored three themes: explaining the process by which the issue of liberalization came to the forefront of the global trade agenda, deploying a range of theoretical perspectives; assessing the impact and effectiveness of services liberalization agreements; and explaining why it has proven more difficult to promote liberalization in the services sector.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts of FTAs on Trade in Services: Some Empirics in East Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550011
Author(s):  
Hikari Ishido
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Commercial Presence ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Mode 3 ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ◽  
The Impact

While the positive impacts of free trade agreements (FTAs) on liberalization in the services sector are widely noted, detailed quantitative analyses are rather scant. This paper takes a first step in analyzing the impact of ASEAN-related FTAs on mode 3 (commercial presence)-based trade in services. Overall, the results reveal some positive correlations between the degree of service trade liberalization in the host country and the service firms' commercial presence in that country. This points to a need to further promote service trade liberalization possibly under the auspices of the proposed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ICT ON SERVICE TRADE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
TUAN ANH LUONG ◽  
THU HANG NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

While trade in goods has been investigated extensively over decades, studies on trade in services are relatively new. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) on trade in services. We measured ICT by four dimensions, including the subscriptions to broadband, fixed telephones, mobile phones and Internet. Our sample covered more than 200 countries from 2005 to 2015. We employed the modified gravity model and found that all four dimensions had significant impacts on the expansion trade in services, but mobile subscriptions are the most consistent dimensions. Finally, the effects of ICT in exporting and importing countries are similar.

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