scholarly journals The Ethics of the Syrian Migration Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2(10)) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Ksenia O. Prosyukova

The Syrian migration crisis is one of the biggest social crises of the modern era. This is evidenced by the geographical spread of the consequences, the number of refugees in each of the host countries and other bare statistics. In the context of this crisis, the governments of the host countries are making efforts to solve many problems related to the political status of refugees, their psychological adaptation to new surroundings, economic challenges for the host countries, along with issues connected with the integration and socialization of migrants. However, not many of us think about the ethical side of the migration process. Moreover, sometimes such aspects as the violation of human rights, confrontation between the ethical principles of Islam and the secular culture of Europe, and confrontation between Christian and Islamic values are simply ignored. Nevertheless, all these “inconvenient” topics are breeding grounds for concentrating misunderstandings and developing zero tolerance towards migrants, and which have an impact on the overall outcome. The migration crisis is not a temporary “inconvenience,” not a desperate measure, it is a process of transformation of European society. We consider this process as a social evolution that can be in the best interest of all participants. However, this process is impossible without reaching a compromise on ethical issues. This article is devoted to examining the ethical dilemma of the migration crisis and finding ways of solving it.

Author(s):  
Angèle Flora Mendy

By examining policies of recruiting non-EU/EEA health workers and how ethical considerations are taken into account when employing non-EU/EEA nurses in the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland, this chapter intends to show that the use of the so-called ‘ethical’ argument to convince national public opinion of the relevance of restrictive recruitment policies is recent (since the 1990s). The analysis highlights the fact that in addition to the institutional legacies, qualification and skills—through the process of their recognition—play an important role in the opening or restriction of the labour market to health professionals from the Global South. The legacy of the past also largely determines the place offered to non-EU/EEA health professionals in the different health systems of host countries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sophy Abdul Aziz ◽  
Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah ◽  
Adang Darmawan Achmad

In order to control the movement of globalization throughout this modern era, one of it's key aspects is through deconstruction throughout the education sector. Undoubtedly, high quality education management was produced by integrating disciplines in practice with fundamental Islamic values within the learning process. Besides that, this approach had also been continuously used among reformist leaders to weaken the dangerous Western ideology that influenced significantly the global government system through colonialism mostly by poisoning the generation of youth through sole reference to materialism philosophy and rationalism. Based on that issue, numerous powerful leaders in Indonesia have intervened to rectify the problem among Muslims by reconstruction of the education systems rather than through political as well as other aggressive physical interaction. KH Ahmad Dahlan was the trustworthy figure in endorsing the concept of educational reform through the "Muhammadiyah" mass organization, which was formed in Yogyakarta in 1912. The conducted a study to examine the similarities amongst KH Ahmad Dahlan and Badiuzzaman Said Nursi in applying the Islamic Education Reform System in the region. In this research, the researcher uses full qualitative method and documentation related to the topic of this research, which then will be analyze descriptively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Darul Siswanto

<p><em>Hadith</em><em>s</em><em> or Prophetic traditions as primary sources after Quran in Islamic teachings are important to examine and criticize in terms of authenticity and contents. This research </em><em>aims at</em><em> discover</em><em>ing</em><em> the paradigm of matn hadith criticism used by hadith scholars by looking at the</em><em>ir</em><em> methodology. It is also an attempt to answer some Orientalist opinions about classical hadith scholars who only </em><em>focus</em><em> on the criticism of sanad and ignore the </em><em>matn </em><em>criticism. Through the inductive method</em><em>,</em><em> it can be said that the paradigm believed by hadith scholars in </em><em>matn </em><em>critique is the law of contradiction where it is impossible for two authentic hadith</em><em>s</em><em> to </em><em>oppose</em><em> each other as well as it is impossible for </em><em>sahih and daif </em><em>hadiths to be </em><em>different</em><em> </em><em>(</em><em>ikhtil</em><em>â</em><em>f</em><em>)</em><em>. Then this research also tries to discover the form of transformation of the matn hadith criticism in the modern era and that Islamic values </em><em>are still very relevant in all places a</em><em>nd times. This research</em><em> also</em><em> shows that there are two forms of transformation</em><em>, n</em><em>amely internal and external transformation, both of which are driven and influenced by the development and progress of the modern era.</em><em></em></p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Fei Huang ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Qing Hua Zhang ◽  
Kaveh Khoshnood ◽  
...  

Background: Ethical issues pose challenges for nurses who are increasingly caring for patients in complicated situations. Ethical sensitivity is a prerequisite for nurses to make decisions in the best interest of their patients in daily practice. Currently, there is no tool for assessing ethical sensitivity in Chinese language, and no empirical studies of ethical sensitivity among Chinese nurses. Research objectives: The study was conducted to translate the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire–Revised Version (MSQ-R) into Chinese and establish the psychometric properties of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire–Revised Version into Chinese (MSQ-R-CV). Research design: This research was a methodological and descriptive study. Participants and research context: MSQ-R was translated into Chinese using Brislin’s model, and the Translation Validity Index was evaluated. MSQ-R-CV was then distributed along with a demographic questionnaire to 360 nurses working at tertiary and municipal hospitals in Changsha, China. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Yale University and Central South University. Findings: MSQ-R-CV achieved Cronbach’s alpha 0.82, Spearman-Brown coefficient 0.75, significant item discrimination (p < 0.001), and item-total correlation values ranging from 0.524 to 0.717. A two-factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis, and further confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Chinese nurses had a mean total score of 40.22 ± 7.08 on the MSQ-R-CV, and sub-scores of 23.85 ± 4.4 for moral responsibility and strength and 16.37 ± 3.75 for sense of moral burden. Discussion: The findings of this study were compared with studies from other countries to examine the structure and meaningful implications of ethical sensitivity in Chinese nurses. Conclusion: The two-factor MSQ-R-CV (moral responsibility and strength, and sense of moral burden) is a linguistically and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing ethical sensitivity among Chinese nurses.


2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Avard ◽  
Karine Sénécal ◽  
Parvaz Madadi ◽  
Daniel Sinnett

As a matter of respect for the person, it is considered an ethical duty to offer to return research results to participants where appropriate. Nevertheless, the return of individual research results to participants raises many socio-ethical issues and greater challenges when the participant is a child. This discrepancy arises partly because the return of individual pediatric research results entails a tripartite relationship between researcher, child, and parent(s) and is embroiled in numerous considerations (e.g., acting in the best interest of the child, respect for the person, and respect for the autonomy of the parents/child).Extra caution is required in the pediatric research context because children cannot generally decide (consent) whether they want to be informed of their own research results or whether the results should be disclosed to parents. Children have long been considered a special and vulnerable group, and their parents, as guardians, play a critical role in the consent process. However, with regards to the return of individual research results, this might pose a potential conflict of interest between the current or future desires of the child and those of the parents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
R.L. Livshits ◽  

Greed is regarded as a human characteristic that occurs naturally in the course of social evolution. Under capitalism, unlimited desire of possession acts as the main motive of economic and any other activity, which leads to a number of objective technical, ecological, social, cultural and moral consequences – both positive and extremely negative. Greed has influenced the development of civilization constructively but it slowing down the social process increasingly in the modern era. Greed should be taken away from the historical stage. Curbing the demon of greed is required not only for the modern world reality, but also for the challenges that are expected by humanity in the future. The experience of the Soviet project implementing, based on an appeal to the over-utilitarian motives of the individual, demonstrates the objective possibility of building a collectivist society in which greed is perceived not as a norm, but as a deviation.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Robertsen ◽  
Eirik Helseth ◽  
Reidun Førde

Abstract BackgroundPrognostic uncertainty is a major challenge for physicians working in the neuro intensive care field. Questions about whether continued life-sustaining treatment is in a patient’s best interest arise in different phases after a severe traumatic brain injury. In-depth information about how physicians deal with ethical issues in different contexts is lacking. The purpose of this study was to seek insight into clinicians’ strategies concerning prognostic uncertainty and their ethical reasoning on the issue of limitation of life-sustaining treatment after severe traumatic brain injury in the later trauma hospital phase. Methods Interviews with 18 physicians working in a neurointensive care unit in a large Norwegian trauma hospital, followed by a qualitative thematic analysis focused on physicians’ strategies related to treatment-limiting decision-making in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in the later trauma hospital phase. ResultsA divide between proactive and wait-and-see strategies emerged. Notwithstanding the hospital’s strong team culture, inter-physician variability with regard to ethical reasoning and preferred strategies was exposed. All the physicians emphasized the importance of team – family interactions. Nevertheless, their strategies differed: (1) The proactive physicians were open to considering limitations of life-sustaining treatment when the prognosis was grim. They were often the ones who initiated ethical discussions and took leadership in clarification and deliberation processes. They saw themselves as guides for the families and believed both preparation for best-case and worst-case scenarios to be of value. (2) The “wait-and-see” physicians preferred open-ended treatment (no limitations). Neurologically injured patients need time to uncover their true recovery potential, they argued. They often avoided talking to the family about dying or other worst-case scenarios. ConclusionsDepending on the individual physician in charge, ethical issues may rest unresolved or not addressed in the later trauma hospital phase. Nevertheless, team collaboration serves to mitigate inter-physician variability. The timing of best-interest discussions and treatment-limiting decisions remain challenging after severe traumatic brain injury. Routines for timely and open discussions with families about the range of ethically reasonable options need to be strengthened.Trial registration: Not applicable


Author(s):  
Nur Cholid ◽  
Rois Fauzi

Abstract Despite the development of increasingly modern era, traditional ceremonies which are a noble culture still play an important role in the society live. One of them is Nyadran culture, it has meaning for society since it contains Islamic moral values. This culture is an acculturation of Javanese-Hindu culture with Islam. Islamic education plays an important role in human life. We as Muslims should apply the Islamic values in our daily lives as a guide to reach happiness living in the world and the hereafter. Many teenagers in high school age are reluctant to carry out congregational prayers in mosques, they prefer hanging out and riding out their motorbikes, parents' advice is no longer ignored. This is a moral decline in society that appears today. This research is a qualitative-descriptive. The techniques of data collection were interviews, documentation and observation. Data analysis techniques were data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. Meanwhile, to test the validity of the data, we used data triangulation and member checking techniques. The results of this study showed that the Nyadran culture is a process of sending prayers to ancestors who have passed away. This culture has been conducted by the society from generation to generation from their ancestors. The ceremony is held in Rajab, Thursday wage night Friday Kliwon. The first process that society do in this tradition is cleaning the grave, then praying together on Wednesday evening which starts at 24.00, followed by slaughtering goats on Thursday morning, after that the core of Nyadran process is praying together, recitation and distribution of food and meat goat Keywords: The Islamic Values of Sadranan Culture Abstrak Meskipun perkembangan zaman semakin modern, upacara tradisional yang merupakan budaya luhur masih memegang peranan penting bagi sebagian masyarakat dalam kehidupannya. Upacara tradisional yang memiliki makna serta nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam didalamnya salah satunya adalah budaya Nyadran. Budaya nyadran merupakan akulturasi budaya Jawa-Hindu dengan Islam. Pendidikan Islam sangat berperan penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Nilai-nilai ajaran Islam seharusnya kita terapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai pedoman untuk menuju kebahagiaan dunia dan akherat. Semakin merebaknya sistem perjudian di wilayah Ngijo, anak seusia SMP sampai SMA enggan untuk melaksanakan melaksanakan sholat berjamaah di masjid, mereka lebih suka untuk nongkrong dan motor-motoran, nasehat orang tua sudah tidak dihiraukan lagi. Inilah salah satu bentuk kemerosotan akhlak di masyarakat yang muncul saat ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif-deskritif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Untuk menguji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data dan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa budaya nyadran adalah suatu proses mengirimkan doa kepada para leluhur yang sudah meninggal dunia yang sudah berlangsung secara turun temurun dari nenek moyang. Waktu pelaksanaannya pada bulan Rajab, hari kamis wage malam Jum’at kliwon. Proses tradisi nyadran yang diawali dengan besik kubur atau membersihkan pemakaman, kemudian berdoa bersama pada hari rabu malam yang dimulai pukul 24. 00, dilanjutkan dengan pemotongan kambing pada hari kamis pagi, setelah itu inti dari nyadran yaitu doa bersama, pengajian dan pembagian makanan dan daging kambing. Kata Kunci : Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam, Budaya Sadranan


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Loaiza Saa ◽  
Matej Novak ◽  
Alfredo J. Morales ◽  
Alex Pentland

Abstract Massive migrations have become increasingly prevalent over the last decades. A recent example is the Venezuelan migration crisis across South America, which particularly affects neighboring countries like Colombia. Creating an effective response to the crisis is a challenge for governments and international agencies, given the lack of information about migrants’ location, flows and behaviors within and across host countries. For this purpose it is crucial to map and understand geographic patterns of migration, including spatial mobility and dynamics over time. The aim of this paper is to uncover mobility and economic patterns of migrants that left Venezuela and migrated into Colombia due to the effects of the ongoing social, political and economic crisis. We analyze and compare the behavior of two types of migrants: Venezuelan refugees and Colombian nationals who used to live in Venezuela and return to their home country. We adapt the gravity model for human mobility in order to explain migrants’ dispersion across Colombia, and analyze patterns of economic integration. This study is a first attempt at analyzing and comparing two kinds of migrant populations in one destination country, providing unique insight into the processes of mobility and integration after migration.


Author(s):  
Jane E. Everson ◽  
Andrew Hiscock ◽  
Stefano Jossa

The introduction presents the Orlando Furioso, tracing briefly its gestation and identifying its major themes and concerns – love, war, moral, social and ethical issues. It assesses the importance of the first edition, published in 1516, and discusses its continuing presence in the subsequent versions of the poem, and hence its influence on later adaptations and reactions to Ariosto’s poem. The chapter introduces the four principal sections of the volume – the Furioso in the visual arts; from the Elizabethan period to the Enlightenment; from Gothic to Romantic; and text and translation in the modern era. In presenting each of these, the introduction surveys the wider cultural contexts for the reception and influence of the Furioso in art, literature and music, the varying critical responses displayed over the centuries to Ariosto’s poem, and the myriad ways in which creative writers, artists and musicians in the English-speaking world have mined the Furioso as a never-ending source of inspiration.


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