The Cost of Prestige: Do New Research I Universities Incur Higher Administrative Costs?

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Morphew ◽  
Bruce D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Research I Universities ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Cost

The Judicialization of Politics Disentangled

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hamlin ◽  
Gemma Sala
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Politics ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Judicialization Of Politics ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Research ◽  
Comparative Theory ◽  
The Cost

The judicialization of politics is an expression that has been widely used in the fields of comparative law and judicial politics alike since it first emerged in the 1980s. Yet, despite its ubiquity, it is difficult to ascertain its specific meaning because it is used to refer to such a wide range of court-related phenomena and processes. Despite its varying usages and meanings, there has been a puzzling lack of scholarly discussion over the scope of the term, and very little critical analysis of its use. This silence has impeded the project of comparative constitutional law. So it is necessary to disentangle and compare the many faces of judicialization that are used in various political science literatures. There are as many as nine distinct forms of the term that are regularly used; yet the various empirical strategies for measuring, defining, and documenting this phenomenon are often incommensurable, and further, the causes of judicialization frequently overlap and occasionally contradict one another. The popularity of this term has come at the cost of conceptual clarity, and this confusion has impeded both the project of building a comparative theory of judicialization, and efforts to have a coherent normative debate about its consequences. With the goal of theory building in mind, a systematic study of judicialization and its multiple usages can be a useful way to illuminate key questions for a new research agenda geared toward a deeper and more nuanced understanding of this term.

scholarly journals CREDIT INFORMATION SHARING AND PROFITABILITY OF BANKS IN KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
James Kimani
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Credit History ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: Credit information sharing cost positively influenced the profitability of banks in Kenya. The general objective of the study was to evaluate credit information sharing and profitability of banks in Kenya. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study stablished that borrower’s credit history information had a positive influence on the profitability in Kenya. The study the respondents agreed that their banks collect information on the number of previous applications that a loan applicant has made, the bank collects information on the number of loans applied and declined, the bank asks for reasons that the loan applied was declined for all applicants, the bank asks loan applicants to indicate the discipline observed when repaying previous loans advanced, the bank asks clients to indicate if they have delayed in remitting their periodic loan repayment in the past, the banks collect more information about the loan applicants credit history from the CRB. Recommendations: The study recommended that while sharing information, the banks should do a cost benefit analysis to ascertain if the sharing of such information is material or not. It should pay its attention to the administrative costs that come with sharing information. This is because the cost of information sharing as seen from the study results have a negative and significant influence on performance Purpose: Credit information sharing cost positively influenced the profitability of banks in Kenya. The general objective of the study was to evaluate credit information sharing and profitability of banks in Kenya. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study stablished that borrower’s credit history information had a positive influence on the profitability in Kenya. The study the respondents agreed that their banks collect information on the number of previous applications that a loan applicant has made, the bank collects information on the number of loans applied and declined, the bank asks for reasons that the loan applied was declined for all applicants, the bank asks loan applicants to indicate the discipline observed when repaying previous loans advanced, the bank asks clients to indicate if they have delayed in remitting their periodic loan repayment in the past, the banks collect more information about the loan applicants credit history from the CRB. Recommendations: The study recommended that while sharing information, the banks should do a cost benefit analysis to ascertain if the sharing of such information is material or not. It should pay its attention to the administrative costs that come with sharing information. This is because the cost of information sharing as seen from the study results have a negative and significant influence on performance

Referral patterns and implementation costs of the Partners in Recovery initiative in Gippsland: learnings for the National Disability Insurance Scheme

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton N Isaacs ◽  
Kim Dalziel ◽  
Keith Sutton ◽  
Darryl Maybery
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Partners In Recovery

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to provide some learnings for the NDIS from the referral pattern and cost of implementing the Partners in Recovery initiative of Gippsland. Method: Information on referral areas made for each consumer was collated from support facilitators. Cost estimates were determined using budget estimates, administrative costs and a literature review and are reported from a government perspective. Results: Sixty-three per cent of all referrals were made to organisations that provided multiple types of services. Thirty-one per cent were to Mental Health Community Support Services. Eighteen per cent of referrals were made to clinical mental health services. The total cost of providing the service for a consumer per year (set-up and ongoing) was estimated to be AUD$15,755 and the ongoing cost per year was estimated to be AUD$13,434. The cost of doing nothing is likely to cost more in the longer term, with poor mental health outcomes such as hospital admission, unemployment benefits, prison, homelessness and psychiatric residential care. Conclusions: Supporting recovery in persons with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness is likely to be economically more beneficial than not doing so. Recovery can be better supported when frequently utilised services are co-located. These might be some learnings for the NDIS.

scholarly journals Controlling Medical Costs: Perspectives From Financial And Nurse Executives

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Carruth ◽  
Ann K. Carruth
Keyword(s):  
Cost Containment ◽  
Healthcare Reform ◽  
Nurse Executives ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cost Shifting ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Overhead Cost ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Healthcare Reforms ◽  
The Cost

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 35.75pt 0pt 37.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The cost of healthcare in the U.S. is an issue of continuing concern for those who manage the economics of healthcare. Increasingly, as the system continues to undergo responsive changes in structure and processes, healthcare financial managers (HCFM) and Nurse Executives (NE) have emerged as an important part of healthcare reform. The purpose of this study is to compare the extent HCFMs and NEs believe various healthcare reform measures and cost containment strategies are effective. Eighty-four HCFMs, and 99 NEs from 36 states, comprised the sample for this study. Both groups agree that the majority of healthcare reform measures are moderately or very effective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In general, accounting practices that HCFMs and NEs have direct decision making authority over were deemed effective (i.e. accounting systems that reduce administrative costs). Three strategies not considered effective by both groups were restriction of coverage for various drug therapies, accounting systems that provide more accurate allocation of indirect/overhead cost; and increased physician accountability for cost containment. When comparing accounting systems, expense tracking, and cost shifting strategies, HCFMs were significantly more likely to rate cost shifting as effective than NEs. Acknowledging that HCFMs and NEs believe that accounting systems are<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>responsive to healthcare reforms validates and contributes to the ongoing efforts of HCFMs and NEs to continue to use their expertise to maximize revenues, and minimize costs in order to provide competitive, caring patient care.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Administrative Growth At The University: A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon B. Hoshower ◽  
David Kirch
Keyword(s):  
Student Loans ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

During the past two decades, the cost of higher education has increased at a higher rate than inflation.  Although this increase is small each year, the cumulative effect is great.  These increased costs are funded mainly through increased tuition and increased government support, either through subsidies to state funded universities or through government supported student loans, grants, work-study programs, and tax credits.  These subsidies are straining governmental budgets.  Many students are graduating with large debt burdens.  There is a rising fear among the working class that providing a college education for their children will be beyond their financial means. Thus, it is generally understood that the cost of a college education is rising faster than inflation and that these rising costs are creating a financial burden for both governments and individuals.  What is not generally understood is the source of these rising costs.  This study examined the financial records of a state supported, mid-western university with enrollment between 15,000 and 20,000 students, hereafter referred to as the University, over an eighteen-year period.  The study found that the rising cost of the University’s administration was the major source of the university’s cost increases.  This paper documents this finding and offers five possible explanations for these rising administrative costs.  The paper neither condemns nor justifies the rises in costs and it offers no suggestions for effectively decreasing administrative costs.  Diagnosis of the problem is the current topic of discussion, while possible solutions remain to be devised at a later date

Estimating Pain- and-Suffering Damages

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Avraham
Keyword(s):  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Cost

This chapter argues that the best solution for dealing with the high cost of administrating pain-and-suffering damages and the alleged variation in horizontal quality is to reduce the cost of administration and increasing uniformity, rather than limiting plaintiffs’ recoveries. The best way to accomplish this is by simplifying ways to estimate pain-and-suffering losses. The chapter surveys a number of solutions discussed in the literature on how to simplify the estimation of pain-and-suffering damages to cut administrative costs. The goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of the task of estimating the loss more than to recommend any specific path to it.

Blockchain Technology Changing Traditional Methods of Applied Research in Bioinformatics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1813-1822
Author(s):  
Natalia Rasskazova ◽  
Liudmila Ratushnaia
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Cost

It is evident that traditional research methods are going to change. The research should be based on the possibility of quick access to information, interactivity and interaction of participants in search for information, elimination of temporal and spatial obstacles. Everything mentioned above requires the use of new research technologies, including blockchain technology. This technology allows solving the problems of collection and systematization of scientific data, access to it within the framework of project operation and implementation at any organization, and joint efforts of various structures. Data saved in blocks and stored on different servers can be accessed by different users. It reduces the cost of coordinating the actions of different users who want to obtain certain information. This article explores how blockchain technology is changing traditional methods of applied research in bioinformatics.

Natural Products as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Target Cancer Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Erkisa ◽  
Melda Sariman ◽  
Oyku Gonul Geyik ◽  
Caner Geyik Geyik ◽  
Tatjana Stanojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Chemical Library ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Potential Use

: Cancer is still a deadly disease, and its treatment desperately needs to be managed in a very sophisticated way through fast-developing novel strategies. Most of the cancer cases eventually develop into recurrencies, for which cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible. They are considered as a subpopulation of all cancer cells of tumor tissue with aberrant regulation of self-renewal, unbalanced proliferation, and cell death properties. Moreover, CSCs show a serious degree of resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and immune surveillance as well. Therefore, new classes of drugs are rushing into the market each year, which makes the cost of therapy increase dramatically. Natural products are also becoming a new research area as a diverse chemical library to suppress CSCs. Some of the products even show promise in this regard. So, the near future could witness the introduction of natural products as a source of new chemotherapy modalities, which may result in the development of novel anticancer drugs. They could also be a reasonably-priced alternative to highly expensive current treatments. Nowadays, considering the effects of natural compounds on targeting surface markers, signaling pathways, apoptosis, and escape from immunosurveillance have been a highly intriguing area in preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we present scientific advances regarding their potential use in the inhibition of CSCs and the mechanisms by which they kill the CSCs.

Developing prescribing guidelines for microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees in the South East England

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Sedki ◽  
Keren Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
The South ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
South East England ◽  
New Research ◽  
Prosthetic Knees ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Background and aim: Microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees have gained increasing popularity over the last decade. Research supports their provision to address specific problems or to achieve certain rehabilitation goals. However, there are yet no agreed protocols or prescribing criteria to assist clinicians in the identification and appropriate selection of suitable users. The aim is to reach professionals’ agreement on specific prescribing guidelines for microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees. Technique: The study involved multidisciplinary teams from the Inter Regional Prosthetic Audit Group, representing nine Prosthetic Rehabilitation Centres in the South East England region. We used the Delphi technique with a total of three rounds to reach professionals’ agreement. Discussion: The prescribing guidelines were agreed and will be reviewed and updated depending on new research evidence and technical advances. Clinical relevance This project is highly useful for professionals in a clinic setting to aid in appropriate patient selection and to justify the cost of prescribing microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees.

Development of a Pavement Marking Life Cycle Cost Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (12) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Pike ◽  
Bharadwaj Bommanayakanahalli
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Traffic Delays ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pavement Marking ◽  
Cost Differences

Pavement marking materials can be broadly classified into two types: durable and nondurable. The durable markings have a longer service life compared with the nondurable and, thus, need to be replaced less frequently. The material cost of the durable markings is higher compared with the nondurable markings. However, the durable markings have several benefits compared with the nondurable markings. Durable markings require less frequent striping resulting in less traffic delays faced due to marking installation and fewer accidents due to fewer work zone closures. The administrative costs associated with contracting and monitoring the work is also lower for durable markings due to less frequent contracting. The primary purpose of this project is to explore the cost differences between durable and nondurable markings, and how various factors can impact the life cycle cost of different marking materials. Researchers developed a life cycle cost calculator that considers the various costs associated with pavement markings to assist in comparing total costs of different marking materials. All costs associated with the implementation of pavement marking projects are considered, including material and installation costs, traffic delay costs and crash costs due to marking installations, and administrative costs to cover contracting and management of the pavement marking assets. This life cycle cost calculator would be another tool that decision makers could use to help choose the most cost-effective pavement marking for the selected input condition.

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