scholarly journals Evaluación de tres desinfectantes contra el moho gris causado por Botrytis cinerea en el cultivo de rosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Paulo Germán García Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea

El agente causal del moho gris Botrytis cinerea es uno de los principales hongos fitopatógenos limitantes en la producción del cultivo de rosa, por lo cual es necesaria la aplicación de productos para una adecuada desinfección de herramientas, enseres, equipos y superficies, evitando de esta forma su diseminación. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar tres desinfectantes comerciales —Désogerme Végétaux®, Désogerme Microserre® y PursueTM— contra B. cinerea en el cultivo de rosa. En la evaluación in vitro se determinó que los tres productos reducen significativamente el crecimiento del fitopatógeno, los dos primeros productos retardan el crecimiento hasta las 120 horas y 72 horas respectivamente. Con respecto a la evaluación in vivo realizada en tallos de rosa, se observó que el producto Désogerme Microserre® presenta una eficacia del 95% a las seis horas contra B. cinerea, por lo cual fue el que brindó un mejor control del moho gris en el cultivo de rosa.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Comparison of defence responses to Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato plants propagated in vitro and grown in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Patykowski ◽  
Elżbieta Kuźniak ◽  
Henryk Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Defence Reactions

Defence reactions: O<sub>2<sub> - generation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities after <em>B. cinerea</em> infection in tomato plants propagated <em>in vitro</em> and grown <em>in vivo</em> have been compared. Infection resulted in rapid O<sub>2<sub> - generation. Superoxide dismutase activity increase was slower than O<sub>2<sub> - response. In plants propagated <em>in vitro</em> catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities after infection were induced less strongly than in plants grown <em>in vivo</em>. K<sub>2<sub>HPO<sub>4<sub> pretreatment of plants grown <em>in vitro</em> enhanced significantly the activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase after infection. Slight restriction of <em>B. cinerea</em> infection development in <em>in vitro</em> propagated plants pretreated with K<sub>2<sub>HP0<sub>4<sub> was observed.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity and preliminary mechanism of cembratrien-diols against Botrytis cinerea

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 112745
Author(s):  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Shengnan Xie ◽  
Xiaolong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
In Vivo Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Effects of Fruit and Pollen Exudates on Growth of Botrytis cinerea and Infection of Plum and Nectarine Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Fourie ◽  
G. Holz
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Sugar Release ◽  
Hexose Sugars

Sugars in exudates from Harry Pickstone plum and Sunlite nectarine fruit and from pollen of weeds commonly found in orchards were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, and their effect on the development of Botrytis cinerea was determined in vitro and in vivo. Fructose, glucose, and sorbitol were the only sugars detected in exudates of immature fruit. They occurred at low concentrations, but their concentration generally increased as fruit ripened. Sucrose was first detected during maturation. In nectarine, an increase in sugar concentration, especially sucrose, was pronounced during the period of rapid cell enlargement, which occurred approximately 2 weeks before harvest. Absorbance readings of culture media amended with sugar indicated that the hexose sugars (fructose and glucose) and sucrose did not markedly influence growth of B. cinerea at concentrations below 0.22 and 0.12 mM, respectively. The hexose sugars caused a steady increase in growth when supplied at concentrations in excess of 0.44 mM, and sucrose caused a steady increase in growth at 0.23 mM. The stimulatory effect of fruit exudates on growth of B. cinerea on glass slides coincided with the period of rapid sugar release from the fruit and the shift in susceptibility to decay. Only fructose (1.72 mM) and glucose (0.72 mM) were detected in nectarine pollen exudates. Pollen exudates from weeds stimulated fungal growth and significantly increased the aggressiveness of the pathogen on plum and nectarine fruit when added to conidia during the last 4 weeks prior to the picking-ripe stage. The study showed that changes in the composition of nectarine and plum fruit exudates may contribute to the late-season susceptibility of these fruit to B. cinerea infection.

scholarly journals Multiple Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis cinerea from Greenhouse Strawberries in Hubei Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fan ◽  
M. S. Hamada ◽  
N. Li ◽  
G. Q. Li ◽  
C. X. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Initial Generation ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit B ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

Two hundred and forty isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected during the early summer of 2012 and 2013 from strawberry greenhouses in 10 locations in Hubei Province and examined for sensitivity to five fungicides, most of which were commonly used to control this fungus. High frequency of resistance to carbendazim (Car, 63.63%) and cyprodinil (Cyp, 42.42%) was detected. Boscalid-resistant (BosR) isolates were detected for the first time in China, whereas no fludioxonil-resistant isolates were identified. Dual resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb (Die) was also detected. There were six phenotypes of resistance profile (i.e., CarRDieSBosSCypS, CarRDieRBosSCypS, CarRDieSBosSCypR, CarRDieSBosRCypS, CarRDieRBosSCypR, and CarRDieSBosRCypR). CarRDieSBosSCypS and CarRDieSBosSCypR were the most common phenotypes, occurring at eight and seven locations, respectively. After 10 successive transfers on fungicide-free potato dextrose agar, tested resistant isolates retained levels of resistance similar to or comparative with the initial generation, indicating the stability of these resistances. Fitness evaluations based on investigation of mycelial growth, osmotic sensitivity, sporulation in vitro and in vivo, and virulence revealed the uncompromising fitness in resistant isolates, except that decreased virulence was observed in BosR isolates. The molecular basis of carbendazim, diethofencarb, and boscalid resistance was investigated. Results showed that all 13 sequenced carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the mutation E198V or E198A in the β-tubulin gene and the five isolates with dual resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb showed the mutation E198K in the same gene. BosR isolates possessed the H272R mutation in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B gene. The results achieved in this study challenge the current management strategies for B. cinerea, which largely depend on applications of these fungicides.

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Actinomycete as biocontrol agents against tomato gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Lahmyed ◽  
◽  
Rachid Bouharroud ◽  
Redouan Qessaoui ◽  
Abdelhadi Ajerrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Fruits

The present work aims to isolate actinomycete bacteria with antagonistic abilities towards Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of a healthy tomato grove. In vitro confrontation led to the isolation of 104 actinomycete isolates; fifteen isolates have shown the most significant mortality rate of the mycelial growth of B. cinerea (>50%). Based on the results of this screening, representative strains were selected to verify their in vivo antagonistic activity on tomato fruits; the reduction of B. cinerea has a percentage ranging from 52.38% to 96.19%. Furthermore, the actinomycete isolates were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties and their ability to produce biocontrol-related extracellular enzymes viz., amylase, protease, cellulase, chitinase, esterases, and lecithinase. Indeed, Ac70 showed high β-1,3-glucanase activity and siderophore production (17U/ml and 43% respectively), and the highest chitinase activity (39μmol/ml) was observed for Ac24. These results indicated that these actinomycetes might potentially control gray mold caused by B. cinerea on tomato fruits. Investigations on enhancing the efficacy and survival of the biocontrol agent in planta and finding out the best formulation are recommended for future research.

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