scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL FATIGUE IN PERSONS WITH HEALTH DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Mikhalchi
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organic Basis ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Impaired Health

Background. The article discusses the qualitative and quantitative features of visual fatigue that persons of different nosological groups may experience. Visual fatigue is one of the factors in deterioration of the psychophysical status of both respondents with psychophysical impairments from the experimental group and relatively healthy individuals from the control group. Aim. The paper aims to study the features of the development of visual fatigue in people with different types of psychophysical disorders and different levels of health. Materials and method. During the study, the following methods were used: observation, self-assessment of the psychophysical status by respondents, and a survey. Results. The results of the study showed that respondents with impaired health and a relatively healthy people had different reasons for the development of visual fatigue and the manifestation of mental responses to intense visual stimuli. Therefore, the emergence and development of visual fatigue can depend both on the mental status of a person and on physical factors that reduce the adaptive capabilities of sensory systems and lead to negative mental responses and health deterioration. Two groups of respondents with a mental and organic basis for visual fatigue were identified. Some respondents showed that they had high levels of visual adaptation and resistance to visual fatigue. They use effective strategies for sensory discharge which can be applied to other groups distinguished by physical and mental symptoms of visual fatigue. Conclusion. The results can be used in the development and application of methods for the psychological and pedagogical support of persons with health problems and are aimed at reducing visual fatigue among participants in inclusive education.

Results of Applying the Method of Visual Fatigue Prevention Using Low-Intensity Laser Radiation

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
NYu Mal’kova ◽  
MD Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Strain Relief ◽  
Visual Stress ◽  
Stress At Work

Summary. Introduction: Visual fatigue is caused by changes in the muscular apparatus and retina of the eye and is characterized by deterioration in their functional activity. Along with an increase in work experience and age, workplace visual stress promotes the loss of performance. Known methods of visual fatigue prevention and eye strain relief are ineffective. In this regard, a technique of relieving visual fatigue using scattered low-level red laser radiation was developed and patented. The purpose of our study was a retrospective evaluation of effectiveness of the visual fatigue reduction technique. Materials and methods: We examined two groups of women (PC operators and jewellers) aged 43–57 years experiencing visual stress at work and practicing the method under study over the previous 20 years. The state of daylight vision was assessed by adaptation time. Results: A five-day testing of the method of visual fatigue relief showed stabilization of the light sensitivity threshold throughout the work shift. Over the 20-year period, the female workers had had no complaints of eye strain, burning or lacrimation. Objective studies of the functional state of the organ of sight showed that the light sensitivity threshold during the working day in two study groups was significantly lower than that in the control group with no preventive measures taken. Conclusions: We established that using the technique of eye strain relief based on a two-minute binocular exposure to red laser radiation with the power density of 2×10–7 W/cm2, a 5-day course every six months over the period of 20 years, helped retain retinal activity in terms of light sensitivity, thus preventing visual fatigue.

Strengthening the pharmacological potential of drug therapy in treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis by using therapeutic physical factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
R. M. Mallaeva ◽  
A. N. Makhinko ◽  
M. B. Uzdenov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The purpose of the study is to improve rehabilitation treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) at inpatient stage by strengthening pharmacological potential of drug therapy due to inclusion of therapeutic physical factors (TPF) in therapeutic programs. Materials and methods. 159 patients with acute CP were observed. By simple randomization, 4 groups were formed: the control group (MG, 39 people) received standard drug therapy; 1st comparison group (GC1; 38 people) additionally received TPF; GC2 (40 people) in addition to treatment in GC1 had drinking mineral water «Slavyanovskaya»; in main group (42 people) in addition to the treatment in GC2 got preformed peloidotherapy on the cervical-collar zone. All the patients underwent the evaluation of clinical score and quality of life before and after medical rehabilitation. Results. In MG, clinical symptomatology leveling was by 78,2% (p<0,01), in GC1 — by 71,5% (p<0,01), GC2 — by 62,3% (p<0,01), CG — by 57,2% (p<0,01) on average immediately after the treatment, which was in a clear correlation with indicators of quality of life. In the long term (in 6 and 12 months), the advantage of combination therapy was noted with the same validity, the preservation of the achieved positive result was mostly noted in the MG: after 6 months the improvement in physical health compared to the initial values was noted by 34,4% (p<0,01), after 12 months — by 24,0% (p<0,05); mental — by 32,3% (p<0,01) and 22,5% (p<0,05), respectively. In both comparison groups, positive dynamics was 10–12% lower, and in the control group, after 6 months, there was only a tendency to improve quality of life indicators. Conclusion. The inclusion of TPF in the programs of the inpatient stage of medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic pancreatitis by strengthening the pharmacological potential of drug therapy contributes to the leveling of clinical manifestations (abdominal pain, dyspepsia and diarrhea), the result of which is an improvement in the quality of life of this category of patients.

scholarly journals Olfactory evaluation in hospitalised and self-isolated patients with COVID-19: a single-centre experience on 55 cases

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140315
Author(s):  
Maja Klarendic ◽  
Eva Zupanic ◽  
Mateja Zalaznik ◽  
Dejan Georgiev ◽  
Janez Tomazic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Olfactory Loss ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Smell Loss

BackgroundSmell loss is a common symptom of COVID-19 infection. Majority of the studies that evaluated olfactory impairment in COVID-19 used questionnaires (subjective smell evaluations) and did not compare the results with objective or semiobjective measures of smell. We performed smell testing in hospitalised and self-isolated patients with COVID-19 and control participants.MethodsFifty-five COVID-19 and 44 control participants underwent smell testing, using Burghart Sniffin’ Sticks ‘Screening 12 Test’. Participants also rated their smelling capability on the numerical scale. Differences between groups and correlation between smell loss and time from acute onset of symptoms were tested, as well as correlation between results of smell test and subjective assessment of smell.ResultsHospitalised patients with COVID-19 correctly determined 6.5/12 odorants compared with 10/12 in the self-isolated and 11/12 in the control group (p<0.001). Hyposmia or anosmia were present in 87.5% of hospitalised and 29.0% of self-isolated patients (p<0.001). The correlation between subjective self-assessment and results of smell testing was non-significant in both groups of patients with COVID-19, while there was a moderate positive correlation (p=0.001, Spearman’s correlation coefficient=0.499) in control participants.ConclusionContrary to some previous reports suggesting that the presence of olfactory loss may predict milder course of disease, our study found that a vast majority of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 had prominent olfactory impairment. The absence of correlation between self-rated and objective smell evaluation in patients with COVID-19 indicates that subjective smell assessment is unreliable.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT INTO CHEMISTRY EDUCATION AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Babinčáková ◽  
◽  
Mária Ganajová ◽  
Ivana Sotáková ◽  
Veronika Jurková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Concept Map ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of the implementation of formative assessment into chemistry education at secondary school for the topic “Mixtures” are presented here. Students (12-14 years old, N=202) were divided into two groups – control (N=97) and experimental (N=105). Teachers of experimental group implemented formative assessment tools into ten lessons (a predictive card, Frayer model, self-assessment card, T-card, concept map, and exit card). Control group teachers taught without formative assessment. The Mann-Whitney U test confirmed statistically significant results (p<.05). Keywords: formative assessment, secondary school, mixtures.

scholarly journals Laryngeal and Vocal Characterization of Asymptomatic Adults With Sulcus Vocalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. e331-e337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bruno Soares ◽  
Bruno Teixeira de Moares ◽  
Ana Nery Barbosa de Araújo ◽  
Noemi Grigoletto de Biase ◽  
Jonia Alves Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation ◽  
Sulcus Vocalis ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction Sulcus vocalis is defined as a longitudinal depression on the vocal cord, parallel to its free border. Its most marked characteristic is breathlessness, caused by incomplete glottal closure, in addition to roughness, due to the decrease in mucosal wave amplitude of the vocal cords. Vocal acoustic aspects, such as fundamental voice frequency, jitter, and shimmer, may also be altered in individuals with this type of laryngeal disorder. To assess the voice of individuals with sulcus vocalis, studies generally include a sample of subjects with vocal symptoms, excluding asymptomatic persons. To better characterize the vocal characteristics of individuals with sulcus vocalis, their asymptomatic counterparts must also be included. Objective Characterize the larynx and voice of asymptomatic adults with sulcus vocalis. Method A total of 26 adults, 13 with sulcus vocalis (experimental group) and 13 without (control group) were assessed. All the participants were submitted to suspension microlaryngoscopy, voice self-assessment, auditory perception and acoustic evaluation of the voice. Results Among the individuals with sulcus vocalis, 78% of the sulci were type I and 22% type II. Auditory perception assessment obtained statistically significant lower scores in individuals with sulcus vocalis compared with the control group, and a slight difference in the overall degree of hoarseness and roughness. No statistically significant intergroup diferences were found in self-reported voice or acoustic assessment. Conclusion Type I was the predominant sulcus vocalis observed in individuals without voice complaints, who may also exhibit slight changes in vocal quality and roughness.

scholarly journals A Curriculum to Improve Residents' End-of-Life Communication and Pain Management Skills During Pediatrics Intensive Care Rotation: Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsenia M. Asuncion ◽  
Consuelo Cagande ◽  
Sherry Schlagle ◽  
Barbara McCarty ◽  
Krystal Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Curriculum Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Management Curriculum ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Research suggests pediatrics practitioners lack confidence and skills in the end-of-life (EOL) care. Objective This pilot study explored the impact of a curriculum designed to prepare future pediatricians to manage pain and provide comfort for children and infants with life-threatening conditions and to be more confident and competent in their EOL discussions with families. Methods Participants included 8 postgraduate year (PGY)-2 residents in the study group and 9 PGY-3 residents in a control group. The EOL curriculum included 4, 1-hour sessions consisting of didactic lectures, videos, and small-group, interactive discussions. Topics included discussing EOL with families, withdrawal of care, and pain assessment and management. Curriculum evaluation used an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), self-assessment confidence and competency questionnaire, and a follow-up survey 18 months after the intervention. Results The OSCE showed no statistically significant differences between PGY-2 versus PGY-3 residents in discussing EOL issues with family (mean  =  48.3 [PGY-2] versus 41.0 [PGY-3]), managing withdrawal of care (mean  =  20.9 [PGY-2] versus 18.91 [PGY-3]), and managing adolescent pain (mean  =  30.97 [PGY-2] versus 29.27 [PGY-3]). The self-assessment confidence and competency scores improved significantly after the intervention for both PGY-2 residents (0.62 versus 0.86, P &lt; .01) and PGY-3 residents (0.61 versus 0.85, P &lt; .01). Conclusions An EOL curriculum for PGY-2 pediatrics residents delivered during the intensive care unit rotation is feasible and may be effective. Residents reported the curriculum was useful in their practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Peer- and Self-Assessment in Developing Saudi EFL Learners’ English Writing Skills

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Manal Obaid Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
English Writing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

<p>The current study focuses on the importance of integrating peer- and self-assessment in<br />teaching English as a second/foreign language in Saudi Arabia. It pays special attention to the<br />mechanisms by which Saudi EFL learners can improve their English writing skills if they<br />engage in peer- and self-assessment regularly. To this end, the researcher administered a<br />writing composition task to measure the participants’ ability to express themselves in good<br />English, focusing on the coherence, cohesion, word choice, spelling, punctuation, and layout<br />of their essays. The researcher utilised the experimental two-groups design of a pre-test and a<br />post-test, in order to evaluate the participants’ performance prior to the application of the<br />treatment (i.e. peer- and self-assessment) and after it. For the purpose of the study, the<br />participants were divided into two groups: students in group A (i.e. the treatment group)<br />engaged in peer- and self-assessment regularly throughout the term, whilst students in group<br />B (i.e. the control group) did not. The results of group A on the pre-test and post-test were<br />compared to those of group B to determine whether the treatment had any impact on their<br />performance. The results reveal that group A outperformed their group B counterparts on the<br />post-test. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the difference between the results of the<br />two groups was statistically significant, suggesting that the treatment contributed positively to<br />the performance of the treatment group. Finally, the study concludes with recommendations<br />for further research.</p>

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Stress-Related Symptoms in Medical Students: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Dias ◽  
Guillermo Coca Vellarde ◽  
Beni Olej ◽  
Ana Emília Teófilo Salgado ◽  
Ighor de Barros Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Continuous Frequency

Objective To assess the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on relieving stress-related symptoms—sleep disorders, anxiety, depression and burnout—in medical students. Methods Eighty-two students were randomised into an EA treatment group (n=30), a sham TENS group (n=18) and an untreated control group (n=34). EA was applied at a continuous frequency of 2 Hz to the limbs, face, ears and scalp for 20 min once a week, over 6–8 weeks. Sham transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was performed on similar sites for the same number of times in each session and for the same length of time. Outcome measurements included a comparison of the indices obtained by different self-applied questionnaires before and after treatment. The surveys used were the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Student Survey (MBI-SS), in addition to the Quality of Life Questionnaire—abbreviated version (WHOQOL-bref). Results EA significantly improved scores on the MSQ, PSQI, BDI and the cynicism and academic efficacy (AE) dimensions of the MBI-SS in relation to the control. Sleep quality (MSQ) improved from 36.9 (SD 7.6) to 25.0 (5.7) with EA, 37.6 (6.0) to 32.1 (6.9) with sham TENS, and 36.5 (5.9) to 33.6 (6.7) in the controls (p=0.0000). Compared with the sham TENS group, EA significantly reduced scores on the PSQI. Score improvements in the sham TENS group in relation to control group were significant in the MSQ, BDI and AE. In the EA group, the number of students with better scores after intervention was significantly higher for the MSQ, PSQI, ESS and BAI. This only occurred for the MSQ in the sham TENS group and for the MSQ and ESS in the control group. Conclusions EA significantly reduced stress-related mental symptoms. The improvement obtained by sham TENS compared with the control group confirmed the presence of a placebo effect resulting from the treatment ritual.

Verbal communication disorders in psychogenic dysphonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bożena Kosztyła-Hojna ◽  
Diana Moskal-Jasińska ◽  
Anna Kraszewska ◽  
Anna Łobaczuk-Sitnik ◽  
Maciej Zdrojkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Voice And Speech

Psychogenic dysphonia is defined as disturbances in voice and speech quality with emotional background with lack of organic changes in the larynx. Mental condition has significant impact on the process of producing voice, functioning of respiratory-phonatory-articulation mechanism and speech prosody. The aim of the study was visual, acoustic, perceptual assessment as well as self-assessment of voice and speech quality using subjective and objective methods in patients with psychogenic dysphonia. The study included 50 patients with psychogenic dysphonia diagnosed in the Department of Clinical Fonoaudiology and Logopedics, Medical University of Białystok and treated at the Foniatric Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital in Białystok in 2017 - 2018. The control group consisted of 30 subjects with euphonic voice. All patients underwent subjective and objective assessment of voice and speech quality. The GRBAS scale, breathing pathway assessment, respiratory-phonatory-articulation analysis, voice and speech intensity evaluation have been performed. Speech prosody has also been examined. Patient self-assessment of voice has been conducted using Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Objective evaluation of larynx included vibrations of vocal folds visualization using High Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI). Acoustic analysis of voice quality has been performed using DiagNova Technologies. The maximum phonation time (MPT) has been determined. Hyperfunctional dysphonia is the most common clinical form of psychogenic dysphonia. Abnormal breathing pathway influence the reduction of MPT and disturbance of respiratory-phonatory-articulation coordination in patients with psychogenic dysphonia. In psychogenic dysphonia intonation and speech rate disorders are observed. Results of voice self-assessment in the majority of examined patients indicates a mild voice disability.

scholarly journals Self-Regulation and Rubrics Assessment in Structural Engineering Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Consuelo Sáiz Manzanares ◽  
Miguel Ángel Sánchez Báez ◽  
Vanesa Ortega-López ◽  
Juan M. Manso Villalaín
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
University Systems ◽  
Experimental Group

Present-day university systems need to educate graduates who are confident and highly independent, attributes that are especially relevant to engineering. We need to develop active methods that can analyze the prior knowledge of students and that impart teaching based on self-regulation and self-assessment by the student. In this study, we work with a sample of 116 students of architecture following a Structural Engineering subject module (61 in the experimental group and 55 in the control group). The objectives of the investigation are (1) to test whether significant differences exist in the knowledge of students after a training program in self-regulation and (2) to test whether the use of rubrics will improve the perceptions of students with regard to their own knowledge. We found that students trained in self-regulation methodologies improved their procedural knowledge in the field of structural engineering. Likewise, student self-perceptions of their own knowledge increased in relation to the design and expert assessment of structural elements and the graphic representation of constructive elements.

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