scholarly journals Universal Annotation of Slavic Verb Forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-193
Author(s):  
Daniel Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Many

Abstract This article proposes application of a subset of the Universal Dependencies (UD) standard to the group of Slavic languages. The subset in question comprises morphosyntactic features of various verb forms. We systematically document the inventory of features observable with Slavic verbs, giving numerous examples from 10 languages. We demonstrate that terminology in literature may differ, yet the substance remains the same. Our goal is practical. We definitely do not intend to overturn the many decades of research in Slavic comparative linguistics. Instead, we want to put the properties of Slavic verbs in the context of UD, and to propose a unified (Slavic-wide) application of UD features and values to them. We believe that our proposal is a compromise that could be accepted by corpus linguists working on all Slavic languages.

INTERLANGUAGE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN INTO CHINESE OF G. SH. YAKHINA’S NOVEL “ZULEIKHA OPENS HER EYES”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Iana Ye. ANDREEVA ◽  
Natalia V. LABUNETS
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Problems Of Translation ◽  
Language Pair

This article deals with the lexical and grammatical transformations in the translation of G. Sh. Yakhina’s novel “Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes” into Chinese. Currently, the theoretical and practical issues of translation in the aspect of the Russian-Chinese language pair remain relevant. At the same time, the problems of translation equivalence and adequacy are getting more recognition. This study aims to identify the specifics of interlingual transformations of Russian-Chinese translation based on a comparative analysis of the novel by G. Sh. Yakhina “Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes” (2015) and its Chinese translation (2017). It is the first such study of the presented literary text in terms of comparative-comparative linguistics. To comprehend the interlanguage transformations performed by the translator in the process of translation, the authors have used a comparative analysis of the texts in the source language and the translation. The significance of the differences in the grammatical structure of the Russian and Chinese languages explains the particular interest towards the study of the translation of a work of fiction. At the lexical level, the authors examine the specifics of the transmission of the nationally-marked corpus of the Tatar vocabulary into Chinese, which acquires special significance in the representation of the ethnocultural component of a literary text. In addition, the features of lexical transformations during translation are revealed through an appeal to the ideological vocabulary of the Soviet period. At the grammatical level, the authors analyze the morphological and syntactic transformations, as well as the transmission of verb forms. As a result of the study, the reasons for lexical, morphological and syntactycal translation transformations were established, and interlanguage barriers that reduce the equivalence of translation were identified.

Comparative Slavic Studies

1954 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Roman Jakobson
Keyword(s):  
Motion Picture ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Sound Track ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Sound Pattern ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Grammatical Framework

“Slavic Studies”—the very expression implies their comparative aspect and raises the question: what enables us to refer to Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Lusatian Sorbs, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Ukrainians, Byelorussians and Russians by the single all-encompassing term, the “Slavic” peoples? What is their common denominator?It is indisputable that the Slavic peoples are to be defined basically as Slavic-speaking peoples. If speech is the point of departure, the problem becomes primarily a linguistic one. Since the pioneering work of the Czech Abbé Dobrovský (1753–1829), comparative linguistics has proved the existence of a common ancestral language for all the living Slavic languages and has largely reconstructed the sound pattern, grammatical framework and lexical stock of this Common (or Primitive) Slavic language. The problem of where and by whom this Common Slavic language was spoken is being gradually solved by persistent efforts to synchronize the findings of comparative linguistics, toponymy, and archeology. The archeologists' data are like a motion picture without its sound track; whereas the linguists have the sound track without the film. Thus, interdepartmental teamwork becomes indispensable.

scholarly journals Comparing Tense Systems: the Primacy of the Pres/Past Opposition

Nordlyd ◽  
10.7557/12.51 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Borik ◽  
Paz González ◽  
Henk Verkuyl
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Set Up

A way of improving on the description of the English tense system in Reichenbach [1947] is achieved by changing its matrix 3x3 design into a 2x2x2 set up, formed by 3 basic oppositions: <ol> <li>present vs. past</li> <li>synchronous vs. posterior</li> <li>incompleted vs. completed action</li> </ol> The advantages of the binary system over the Reichenbachian ternary system are the following: <ol> <li>the binary system is completely compositional;</li> <li>there is no tripartition between Past, Present and Future, but only the basic opposition between Past and Present remains. As we intend to show later, this is empirically supported by the Russian and Polish data;</li> <li>some concrete problems, for instance, the ambiguity of past perfect with temporal adverbials or more then one configuration for the same tense form [Future Perfect [will have written] or Past Future tense [would write]] do not arise.</li> </ol> The binary system can be naturally extended to apply for the tense systems of different groups of languages. Along with Germanic, we will consider two more groups of languages: Romance [e.g., French and Spanish] and Slavic [e.g., Russian and Polish]. The binary system, we will show, has the potential to be extended in order to capture the Romance data or shrunk to account for the Slavic data. The connection between tense and aspect, especially in Slavic languages is also described in this paper. Both temporal and aspectual differences in Slavic can be essentially captured by the same mechanism provided by the binary system. Some empirical facts, like, for instance, the absence of the present tense interpretation with perfective verb forms, will fall out naturally.

scholarly journals ГОСПОЖА ПРОФЕССОР РОЗА АЛИМПИЕВА В ОЛЬШТЫНСКИХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЯХ

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (XXI) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Irena Rudziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Slavic Languages

Professor at Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, a Slavist, a scholar dealing with comparative linguistics and the semantics of Slavic languages, the author of many scientific publications, including studies, monographs, books and various articles.

scholarly journals ASSIGNMENT OF THE FORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF EMPHASIS IN THE FOREIGN AUDIENCE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Auxiliary Role ◽  
Selection Of

Free operation of verbs, which provide the processes of cognition of the medical student, is based on knowledge of their semantics, grammatical design and prosodic features. An important part of learning a new language is always its orthoepic characteristics. Assimilation of accentual norms is complicated by the mobile and free nature of accent in East Slavic languages. Emphasis mobility can be the only marker of grammatical meaning presentation in cases of form homography. The basis of success in developing the skills of using verb forms of the form can be linguistic-methodical forecasting and selection of language tools taking into account the profile of learning. The aim of the article was to describe the features of the formative role of emphasis in the presentation of the grammatical category of the verb, which should be considered in the process of teaching foreign medical students to prevent communicative failures in medicine and home. The article demonstrates how to achieve communicative competence in the audience offuture doctors, practicing the skills of accentuation of species oppositions in the study of actions with objects in different physical states. Particular attention is paid to work with polysemantic verbs such as vysypat - vysypat. Adherence to the principle of text-centricity in learning helps to combine tasks of semantic, grammatical and accentological order, which contributes to the expansion of student knowledge in all three aspects. A number of homograph verbs have been proposed for work in a foreign audience, in which the emphasis has become a grammatical way of conveying the species meaning not only in the infinitive, but also in the whole paradigm. A group of verbs is indicated in which only certain grammatical forms are distinguished by means of stress, and not all forms of the paradigm of different types of verbs. The auxiliary role of accentuation in speciation is considered, which complements affixation as the main way of perfection. Methodological developments are most expediently directed at the synthesis of grammatical, semantic, word-formation and accentuation aspects in the selection of specific text material on the topics of classes.

scholarly journals Aspect use in Slavic infinitives and corresponding da-constructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Susanne Alvestad
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Perfective Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
East West

In the most comprehensive comparative account of aspect use in Slavic to date, Dickey [2000], ten Slavic languages are considered based on seven parameters of use, but two important verb forms are left unaccounted for: the imperative and the infinitive. The imperative was dealt with in Benacchio [2010], von Waldenfels [2012], and Alvestad [2013]. Now it is time the infinitive receives its fair share of attention too. Thus, in a larger project I compare how aspect is used in the infinitive in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish, Upper Sorbian, Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Croatian and Slovene and in the corresponding da-constructions in Bulgarian and Macedonian (and Serbian, Croatian and Slovene) based on a study of several parallel-annotated novels in the Parasol1 corpus. In light of existing literature, one could hypothesize that i) in the infinitive, the freedom of choice is significant as far as aspect use is concerned (see, e.g., Galton [1976]), and ii) the East-West divide in aspect use can be observed in the infinitive as well. My initial findings, however, which are from Russian and Croatian and presented in this paper, suggest that i) must be refuted and ii) must be modified; in East Slavic, the perfective aspect is far more widespread in the infinitive than in the other verb forms. From this starting point I outline, towards the end of the article, how we can proceed to be able to account for the findings within a formal theoretical framework. The picture of how aspect is used in the Slavic languages is not complete until infinitives, and the corresponding da-constructions, are accounted for.

Overt gender marking depending on syntactic context in Ripano

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Paciaroni ◽  
Michele Loporcaro
Keyword(s):  
Number Agreement ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Many ◽  
Gender System ◽  
Syntactic Dependency ◽  
Syntactic Context ◽  
Finite Verb

Based on dedicated fieldwork, this chapter analyses the gender system of Ripano (Italo-Romance), showing that it displays overt gender marking, but only depending on syntactic context. While overt gender per se and the syntactic dependency of gender marking via agreement on targets have both been described for several languages, the Ripano system is unprecedented, and deserves thorough description: thus, the chapter presents the phonological, morphological, and morphosyntactic prerequisites as well as the syntactic conditions which constrain overt gender marking. It places this peculiarity of Ripano in perspective, describing the many other quite extraordinary properties of this dialect: not only does it mark—unusually for Indo-European—gender/number agreement on finite verbs, but also on several other agreement targets, including non-finite verb forms, complementizers, wh-words, and even nouns, which in certain syntactic constructions cumulate the usual inherent gender specification with highly unusual contextual gender marking, determined via agreement with the clause subject.

scholarly journals Does the acquisition of aspect have anything to do with aspectual pairs?

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 39-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Vladimirovna Gagarina
Keyword(s):  
Strong Preference ◽  
Perfective Aspect ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Speech Time ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Moment

The purpose of this research was to trace the developmental steps in the acquisition of aspectual oppositions in Russian and to examine the validity of the 'aspect before tense' hypothesis for L1-speaking children. Imperfective/perfective verbs and their inflections, as well as aspectual pairs, were analysed in the first five months of verb production (and the respective months in the input) in three children. Additionally, the first four months of verb production were investigated in one boy with less data. Verb forms marked for the past and for the present occur simultaneously in all children. These early forms relate to 'here and now' situations: verbs marked for the past denote 'resultative' events that are perceived by the children as occurring during the speech time or immediately before it, while verbs marked for the present typically denote on-going events. Thus, with early tense oppositions (or tense morphology) children mark aspectual contrasts in the moment of speech: evidence in favour of the 'aspect before tense' hypothesis. A strong preference in using the perfective aspect for the past and the imperfective aspect for the present events has been found in both adults and children. Further, only very few aspectual pairs were documented within the analysed period (from the onset of verb production to the period when children produce rule-driven inflectional forms). The productive use of the finite forms of perfective and imperfective verbs doesn't concord with the ability of the productive use of the contrastive forms of one lemma. Data suggest that children (start to) learn aspectual forms in an item-based manner. The acquisition of aspectual oppositions (aspectual pairs) is lexically dependent and is guided by the contextual 'thesaurus'. Aspectual pairs are learned in a peace-meal way during much longer, than observed for this article, period of time. Generally, aspect is not learned as a rule, also because there are no (uniform) rules of forming of aspectual pairs, but as the 'satellite' of the inherent lexical meaning of verbs of diverse Aktionsarten. The issues addressed here are relevant for other Slavic languages, exhibiting the morphological category of aspect.  

Identifying suboptimalities with factorial model comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
The Many

AbstractGiven the many types of suboptimality in perception, I ask how one should test for multiple forms of suboptimality at the same time – or, more generally, how one should compare process models that can differ in any or all of the multiple components. In analogy to factorial experimental design, I advocate for factorial model comparison.

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