scholarly journals Indirect Estimation of the Development of Capital Productivity in the Regions: The Case of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
Pavel Zdražil ◽  
Ivana Kraftová
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Indirect Estimation ◽  
Multifactor Productivity ◽  
Capital Productivity

This study introduces a new (adopted) method of indirect estimation of the development of the productivity structure in the regions, which at the same time allows estimation of the contribution resulting from changes within the capital factor. Its theoretical background is built on the principles of growth accounting. Within this framework the study employs an arguable assumption of analogy in development of multifactor productivity of industry between the national and regional level. The literature review and empirical results shows, however, that such an assumption may be correct in some cases. Therefore, the article enhances the existing productivity analysis capabilities at the regional level. Within the aim, this study verifies the potential of applicability of proposed method on the regions of Poland. It uses the measure of symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) to evaluate the accuracy of method proposed against actual values and the results of two other frequently used methods for disaggregation of capital among the regions in a country. The results indicate that the new method should be more accurate than the methods of regional decomposition of capital-based on value added, and flows investment accumulation. In fact, it seems to be quite correct especially in the industries of wholesale & retail trade, transport & storage, real estates, health & social work, and manufacturing. On the other hand, it is likely incorrect in the industries of information & communication activities, finance & insurance, and administrative & support activities. In general, the method seems to be more accurate for larger industries and vice versa. Higher precision is also observed for industries where capital demand is clearly increasing. Similarly, the method is more accurate in industries where none of the regions are more specialized and vice versa.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY: FACTOR APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Anton Filipenko
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Multifactor Productivity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Residual Contribution

Abstract. The article focuses on economic productivity and have stressed the theory of marginal utility (productivity). In modern researches such aggregate indicators as a total factor productivity and a multifactor productivity prevail. Total Factor Productivity is measured by combining the effects of all there sources used in the production of goods and services (labour, capital, materials, energy, etc.) and dividing it into the output. Multifactor productivity (MFP) is the ratio of total output to a subset of inputs. A subset of inputs might consist of only labour and materials or it could include capital. MFP is the residual contribution to output growth of an industry or economy after calculating the contribution from all its factor inputs. The OECD methodology examines key single-factor (aggregated) indicators of labour and capital productivity, considering total output and costs and, most importantly, the value added, which reflects the real increase in the welfare of the nation.

Tourism Productivity Theory and Measurement for Policy Implications: The Case of Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Tien Duc Pham
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Multifactor Productivity ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Productivity Theory

Tourism productivity measures are quite diverse, not always compatible and usually based partly on labor productivity for hotels and restaurants. This article develops a holistic approach that integrates the principles of the growth accounting framework and tourism satellite account to measure multifactor productivity, labor productivity and capital productivity for the Australian tourism industry. This study shows that tourism has been identified as a reservoir for other industries through the ebbs and flows of labor demands. Compared with the rest of the economy, the average growth of labor productivity—that is, income per unit of labor—for tourism is stagnant, and has reached an unprecedented low, six times below the market sector average, mainly because of low multifactor productivity. The results are valuable for policy makers and the lobbying groups wanting to identify areas of need for policy changes to ensure the healthy long-term growth of tourism.

scholarly journals Triple bottom line of the CSR concept and its reporting

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Belas ◽  
Katarina Zvarikova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
To Come ◽  
Frequent Problem

Research background: The global situation is alarming. Many scholars, politicians, non-profit organizations and journalists worldwide remind of these arising problems. Sustainability seems to be the only solution, and also many companies try to do their best to contribute to this issue. Purpose of the article: CSR is considered a valuable tool in many fields – profit, stakeholders, and environmental dimensions. All these dimensions are characterized by their specifics, but it is proven that CSR positively impacts all of them. But the frequent problem is that although the companies are aware of the stakeholders´ importance, they are not able to report their activities or report them in an understanding way. Methods: Methods of the literature review is used for the theoretical background to understand the importance of three dimensions of CSR. Method of analysis is used to analyze of GRI index. Findings & Value added: Literature review proves the importance of CSR towards all three dimensions. According to analysis of the DRI index, it is evident, that not only organizations from developed countries have reported, but also organizations from developing countries had become reporting. Following the result of our analysis, we can see that 1 694 organizations from 80 countries try to come close to stakeholders and want to inform them about their activities.

Innovative and investment potential of the economic development of the EAEU

2021 ◽  
pp. 666-678
Author(s):  
Inna Nikolaevna Rykova ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Gubanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union

The article defines the innovative potential of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter — the EAEU, the Union), assesses the structural ratio of trade in agricultural products in the total food consumption of the EAEU. The internal investment potential of the EAEU countries is described. The article considers the mechanism of foreign direct investment as a tool for increasing the gross value added of goods during their cross-border movement in the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The dynamics of retail trade turnover in the EAEU is presented. At the same time, in the global aspect, topical issues of the quality of investments in the agro-industrial complex are touched upon, since their volumes do not meet the needs of financial support. At the same time, the mechanism of accelerating the turnover of investment capital is analyzed through the prism of identifying and assessing the state of poverty in rural areas as a risk factor for the agro — food policy of the EAEU member states. At the same time, it is most important to increase the level of food independence of the EAEU member states, to ensure conditions for the growth of the number of new high — performance jobs. The issues of production and consumption of marketable products in the EAEU member states are studied, taking into account the dynamics of prices and the socio-economic situation in the foreign trade space. Based on the generalization of the experience of integration associations of the world economic system, the article concludes that it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive intellectual system into the value chain of commodity products created in the analyzed states. The authors systematize the priorities of the conceptual development of economic relations in the integration of foreign trade processes in the EAEU until 2030. In the system of assessing the mechanism of cross-border traffic through the EAEU, the authors focus on the issues of optimizing the speed of delivery of goods from the seller to the consumer and the modernization of the road transport and logistics infrastructure of the member states of the Union. Based on the analysis of the logistics efficiency index in foreign countries, the necessary conditions for achieving the key effects of the economic development of the EAEU until 2030 are proposed.

scholarly journals Agricultural and food wholesale and retail trade in the intra-community trade

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
M. Záboj
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
The Eu

The paper focuses on the evaluation of the contemporary situation of two economic sectors in the frame of the European Union, namely the wholesale and retail of agricultural and food products. For these industries, the structural profile with the indicators of turnover, value added and employment was elaborated. Hereafter the costs, productivity and profitability indicators ranking of the top 5 Member States were compared to the EU-25 averages. After a 3.1% increase in the turnover index in 2000, the evolution of sales for the agricultural wholesaling sector recorded a series of small increases and decreases in the turnover, ranging from – 0.6% in 2002 to 1.5% in 2004. Between 2000 and 2005, the agricultural wholesaling sector generally recorded a slower rate of expansion for turnover than the wholesale trade average. The specialised in-store food retailing sector generated EUR 120.4 billion of turnover in 2003. The wealth creation of the specialised in-store food retailing was valued at EUR 23.8 billion; equivalent to 6.5% of the retail trade and repair total, while this activity employed 1.4 million persons, some 9.0% of the retail trade and repair workforce. Half (49.9%) of the turnover in the specialised in-store food retailing sector in the EU was generated by enterprises selling fruit, vegetables, meat, fish or bakery products.

scholarly journals Energy in Growth Accounting and the Aggregation of Capital and Output

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Kümmel ◽  
Dietmar Lindenberger
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Dependent

Abstract We review the physical aggregation of value added and capital in terms of work performance and information processing and its relation to the deflated monetary time series of output and capital. In growth accounting it complements the time series of labor and energy, measured in hours worked per year and kilowatt-hours consumed per year, respectively. This aggregation is the conceptual basis on which those energy-dependent production functions have been constructed that reproduce economic growth of major industrial countries in the 20th century with small residuals and output elasticities that are for energy much larger and for labor much smaller than the cost shares of these factors. Accounting for growth in such a way, which deviates from that of mainstream economics, may serve as a first step towards integrating the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics into economics.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Sale of Local Products through Short Supply Chains: A Case of Family Dairy Farms in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8499
Author(s):  
Elena Horská ◽  
Marek Petriľák ◽  
Peter Šedík ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyová
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
On Farm

Increasing consumption of local products is a key factor for sustainable agriculture. This study deals with the factors that influence the sales of local products with a focus on value-added dairy products. The research involved 30 family businesses operating in the agro-sector. Primary data were obtained by a detailed online questionnaire survey. For deeper examination, five hypotheses were determined and statistically tested using the Friedman test and Nemenyi method. Using the acquired theoretical background and empirical research in a set of family farms, we can state that the goal of farmers is to sell their products through the shortest possible route directly to the consumer. The most commonly used tools of a short supply chain are on-farm sales and telephone order sales, on the other hand, farms rarely sell products in farmers’ markets, celebrations and anniversaries or e-shops, even though these tools all have great potential. The results show that farmers consider the product itself (quality, freshness, locality) to be the most important factor when selling local products, as well as customer recommendations and loyalty. Based on the results of the research, we propose to streamline sales support through new forms of marketing approaches to premium products, such as locally fresh products produced on family farms.

scholarly journals Productivity Indicators and Challenges in New Zealand Workplaces

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Lamm ◽  
Claire Massey ◽  
Martin Perry
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Workplace Productivity ◽  
Workforce Productivity ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Practice Efficiency

As part of a government initiative, the Department of Labour’s Workplace Productivity Working Group has been charged with the task of stimulating debate and broadening the discourse on workplace productivity. The Department of Labour has also supported research into how New Zealand businesses are responding to the productivity challenges they face. The paper presents findings from two studies that were part of this research agenda. In particular, the paper reports on the experiences of individual business case studies, (predominantly SMEs), of introducing and maintaining initiatives designed to raise workforce productivity. Analysis of the data reveals a number of key themes: catalysts and drivers for change; distinctive characteristics of high performing firms; differing characteristics of the case studies; and barriers to introducing productivity initiatives and some solutions. The findings also indicated that in practice, efficiency increased both though innovation and a realignment of activities, with higher value added than those conducted in the past. However, there is an inherent tension with these and other similar studies that cannot easily be resolved. On one hand, employers are striving to obtain increased worker performance and gain more productivity while on the other hand they are driving their employers to wok longer, harder and more effectively often in extremely hazardous conditions. Thus, it would appear that efforts to increase productivity can have contradictory results.

scholarly journals Scientist Organizational Identity – the Diversity of Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Łukasz Sułkowski ◽  
Justyna Dziedzic
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Identity ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Other

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this article is to show the diversity of possibilities for interpreting identities in the context of the academic profession by showing the different dimensions of participation in the academic community and personality transformations associated with the capture of certain attitudes and behaviors of the scientists.Methodology: The article is based on a critical analysis of the literature dealing with the sense of organizational identity in the scientific context. We expanded the characteristics associated with this issue to the recognitions arising from the complexity of participating in the life of science on many levels. The work provides an overview of the research approaches of potential detectable factors shaping the investigator’s personality in organizational terms. Provided a theoretical background on scientist identity in an organizational context in this paper provides the directions of the research that brings diagnosis in management sciences.Findings: Scientist organizational identity is the concept that provides a few interpretational directions that can be explored in the management context. The empirical views on this subject provide two levels of meaning. On the first level, it raises questions about individual needs related, on the one hand, to the factors of participation in this profession’s life, like prestige, carrier, and power. On the other hand, the second level’s meaning is connected with the scientist’s personality and compatible with his professional choices like scientific orientation on life choices and creative disposition of high professionalism. The multi-mentality of participation, both physical, emotional, and life academism discourse, brings many recognitions of the concept of scientific organizational identity.Value Added: Attention has been paid to the critical discourse on the theory of an organization’s influence on its scientific members’ identity. Also, an indication of the role of these processes in the power and hierarchy context. In the other context, we try to understand the role of individual human dispositions and professional socialization processes in the academic profession.Recommendations: Scientists’ organizational identity is an interesting direction to explore, that brings many reflections about the influence that brings the academic profession area to scientific senses of being. These processes also influence factors like bureaucracy, hierarchy, career politics, evaluation processes, and academic organizational narratives.

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