In the Shadow of Kilimanjaro

In the Field ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
George Gmelch ◽  
Sharon Bohn Gmelch
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
East African ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
African City ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Mount Kilimanjaro ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
And Gender

This chapter describes the experiences of anthropology students in the East African city of Moshi, Tanzania. Moshi, located on the lower slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and home to the Chagga people, is a center for mountain climbing and wildlife tourism. The students live with local families and cope with the challenges of life in an developing country--frequent power outages, hazardous traffic, malaria-carrying mosquitos, poverty, and a different sense of time and gender relations—which pose problems for their health, psychological well-being, and research objectives. They adapt and, in the process, reassess some of their own values.

scholarly journals Fit to be a Man: Women's Perspectives and Gender Relations among the Zeme Nagas of Assam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The People ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
And Gender

In many indigenous societies worldwide we are witnessing an increase in gender inequality. Men’s domination of women seems to be growing and women’s labour is now exploited. Zeme Naga women of Assam are lamenting the loss of support from their husbands and the burden of labour wives must take up as husbands abandon their responsibilities. Husbands are becoming more controlling. This thesis seeks to understand some of the reasons behind the decline in men’s reciprocal labour practices and the deterioration in what were once remembered as relatively egalitarian gender relations. By bringing critical, historical and feminist analyses to bear on the ethnographic data I attempt to show the ways in which women’s increasing sense of inequality is linked to Zemes’ growing marginalisation regionally and globally. I explore Zeme understandings of what makes a man ‘fit to be a man’ and the ways feminine and masculine identities engage the changes brought by colonialism and neo-colonialism. Women’s interests were once served by the Zeme patriarchal society. I found that women continue to expect reciprocal labour exchange that was based on social structures and practices that are now largely obsolete. Employing the notion of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ (Connell 2005a) it emerged that men’s earlier practices allowed an opportunity for nearly every man to achieve the Zeme ideals of masculinity which involved the demonstration of caring behaviour towards women and other members of the community. Masculinity was largely based on access to resources that men delivered to the community according to what the people were perceived to need. The notion of women and children as men’s ‘property’ entailed responsibility and self-sacrifice on behalf of men and a relatively equitable division of labour around child care. Indeed, the well-being of women and children was a constituent of Zeme normative masculinity. However, Zeme engagements with what may be termed the agents of ‘modernity’: economies, religions, agricultural projects, schooling and the creation of Statehood, have contributed to devaluing Zeme livelihoods and cosmologies. This has had significant repercussions for Zeme gender relations, which include relations among men, and is changing the direction of the pursuit of masculine ideals. I argue that these transformations have contributed to sidelining a core component of Zeme hegemonic masculinity, the ability to ‘provide what the people need’ as well as creating inequalities of opportunities for men to demonstrate ‘care’ in this way. On the other hand, these processes are also presenting new opportunities for women to contest men’s interests, and to make claims over community issues that were one avenues of prestige for men.

scholarly journals GENDER RELATIONS AND SUBJECTIVE FAMILY WELL-BEING AMONG FARMER FAMILIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN UPLANDS AND LOWLANDS AREAS IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Herien Puspitawati ◽  
Paula Faulkner ◽  
Ma'mun Sarma ◽  
Tin Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
External Support ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Family ◽  
Poor Farmer ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Husband And Wife

<p>The objectives of this study are described as follows: (1) To examine the conditions of<br />social, economic and demographic characteristics of poor farmer families who live at<br />uplands and lowlands areas, (2) to describe the social-cultural and agroecosystem<br />conditions of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas, (3) To<br />explain type of gender relations of poor farmer families who live at uplands and<br />lowlands areas, and (4) to analyze factors that influenced subjective family well-being<br />of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas. The chosen research<br />sites were Nanggung Sub-district, Bogor District as an upland area, and West Teluk<br />Jambe Sub-district, Karawang District, West Java Province as a lowland area. The total<br />of 189 farmer families was used for this study (n= 90 in uplands district areas, and n=<br />99 in lowlands district areas). It was found that the conditions of social-cultural and<br />agroecosystem differ between upland and lowland areas. In general, both upland and<br />lowland areas gender roles on farming activities, in terms of access and control to<br />agricultural resources, were dominated by men. Family well-being was directly<br />influenced by higher education of husband and wife, indirectly influenced by less<br />economic pressure of the family, directly influenced by higher gender relations between<br />husband and wife, and directly influenced by less or higher external support. Thus,<br />wealthy farmer families were the family that had educated husband and wife, less<br />economic pressures, equal gender relations and partnerships, and less or more receive<br />external supports. It is recommended that the next study should add variables of family<br />coping strategies related to family economic pressure and gender roles between husband<br />and wife.</p>

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

The role of masculine norms and gender role conflict on prospective well-being among men.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Kaya ◽  
Derek K. Iwamoto ◽  
Jennifer Brady ◽  
Lauren Clinton ◽  
Margaux Grivel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Role Conflict ◽  
Gender Role Conflict ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
And Gender

The Relationship between Body Image and Exercise Adherence in Fitness Centre Exercising Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Jankauskienė ◽  
Brigita Miežienė
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Relationship

Research background and hypothesis. The analysis of factors which might infl uence exercise adherence is important issue for physical activity promotion. Studies show that exercisers’ body image is important factor associated with well being, exercise motivation and specifi c exercise–related behaviour.Research aim was is to examine the relationship between exercise adherence, body image and social physique anxiety in a sample of fi tness centre participants. Research methods. Members of fi tness centres (n = 217, 66 of them were women) provided their answers on exercise experience, in three subscales (appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation) of The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS; Brown et al., 1990) and Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS; Hart et al., 1989). Mean age of the sample was 29.02 (9.85) years (range = 18–68 years).Research results. Women demonstrated higher appearance orientation, overweight preoccupation and social physique anxiety compared to men. However, we observed no signifi cant differences in appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation in the groups of different exercise experience of men and women. When overweight respondents (≥ 25 kg / m²) were excluded from the analysis, there were no statistically signifi cant differences observed in body image and social physique anxiety in exercise experience groups of men and women. Exercising longer than 6 years signifi cantly predicted overweight preoccupation [95% CI: 1.25–16.94] controlled by age and gender. Discussion and conclusions. Exercising men demonstrated more positive body image and lower social physique anxiety compared to women, except for appearance evaluation. There were observed no body image and social physique relationships with exercise adherence observed in the sample of fi tness centre participants, however, exercise experience longer than 6 years predicted overweight preoccupation.Keywords: body image concerns, exercise experience, self-presentation.

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