scholarly journals Characterizing a Mini Gamma Detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
E. Márquez-Quintos ◽  
E. Moreno-Barbosa ◽  
J. E. Espinosa ◽  
Benito de Celis Alonso ◽  
Margarita Amaro Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Gamma Detector ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Scintillator Crystal

There are several types of gamma radiation detectors, which have different characteristics depending on its use. We designed and instrumented a gamma detector for low energies of a small and portable size to obtain spectrum from radioactive sources and from that analyze each spectrum. This instrument basically consists of a scintillator crystal coupled to a SiPM this in turn coupled to a PCB card designed with capacitors and resistors for a better signal, a voltage source of 29 volts. For signal acquisition the system must be connected to an oscilloscope this in turn is controlled by a script developed in Python. For the calibration radioactive isotopes with the same dimensions were used, caesium-137 (Cs-137), cobalto-60 (Co-60), sodium-22 (Na-22) and manganese-54 (Mn-54) as gamma ray emission.

scholarly journals A Remote-operated System to Map Radiation Dose in the Fukushima Daiichi Primary Containment Vessel

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
M. Nancekievill ◽  
A. R. Jones ◽  
M. J. Joyce ◽  
B. Lennox ◽  
S. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Small Form Factor ◽  
Cerium Bromide

This paper describes the development of a submersible system based on a remote-operated vehicle coupled with radiation detectors to map the interior of the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. It has the aim oflocating fuel debris. The AVEXIS submersible vehicle used in this study has been designed as a low-cost, potentially disposable, inspection platform that is the smallest of its class and is capable of being deployed through a 150 mm diameter access pipe. To map the gamma-ray environment, a cerium bromide scintillator detector with a small form factor has been incorporated into the AVEXIS to identify radioactive isotopes via gamma-ray spectroscopy. This provides the combined system with the potential to map gamma-ray spectra and particle locations throughout submerged, contaminated facilities, such as Units 1, 2 and 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The hypothesis of this research is to determine the sensitivity of the combined system in a submerged environment that replicates the combination of gamma radiation and water submersion but at lower dose rates.

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of nanostructured CdHgTe Thin Films

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Babu ◽  
K Mohanraj ◽  
S Chandrasekar ◽  
N Senthil Kumar ◽  
B Mohanbabu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
Polycrystalline Structure ◽  
Dc Electrical Conductivity

CdHgTe thin films were grown onto glass substrate via the Chemical bath deposition technique. XRD results indicate that a CdHgTe formed with a cubic polycrystalline structure. The crystallinity of CdHgTe thin films is gradually deteriorate with increasing the gamma irradiation. EDS spectrums confirms the presence of Cd, Hg and Te elements. DC electrical conductivity results depicted the conductivity of CdHgTe increase with increasing a gamma ray dosage

scholarly journals Understanding the origin of the positron annihilation line and the physics of supernova explosions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Frontera ◽  
E. Virgilli ◽  
C. Guidorzi ◽  
P. Rosati ◽  
R. Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Annihilation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Astrophysics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Dark Matter Annihilation ◽  
Annihilation Line ◽  
Supernova Explosions

AbstractNuclear astrophysics, and particularly nuclear emission line diagnostics from a variety of cosmic sites, has remained one of the least developed fields in experimental astronomy, despite its central role in addressing a number of outstanding questions in modern astrophysics. Radioactive isotopes are co-produced with stable isotopes in the fusion reactions of nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions and other violent events, such as neutron star mergers. The origin of the 511 keV positron annihilation line observed in the direction of the Galactic Center is a 50-year-long mystery. In fact, we still do not understand whether its diffuse large-scale emission is entirely due to a population of discrete sources, which are unresolved with current poor angular resolution instruments at these energies, or whether dark matter annihilation could contribute to it. From the results obtained in the pioneering decades of this experimentally-challenging window, it has become clear that some of the most pressing issues in high-energy astrophysics and astro-particle physics would greatly benefit from significant progress in the observational capabilities in the keV-to-MeV energy band. Current instrumentation is in fact not sensitive enough to detect radioactive and annihilation lines from a wide variety of phenomena in our and nearby galaxies, let alone study the spatial distribution of their emission. In this White Paper (WP), we discuss how unprecedented studies in this field will become possible with a new low-energy gamma-ray space experiment, called ASTENA (Advanced Surveyor of Transient Events and Nuclear Astrophysics), which combines new imaging, spectroscopic and polarization capabilities. In a separate WP (Guidorzi et al. 39), we discuss how the same mission concept will enable new groundbreaking studies of the physics of Gamma–Ray Bursts and other high-energy transient phenomena over the next decades.

Neutron Radiation Effects on Lubricants and O-Rings for Target and Accelerator Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Matteo Ferrari ◽  
Aldo Zenoni ◽  
Yong Joong Lee ◽  
Alberto Andrighetto
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Neutron Radiation Effects

Lubricants and O-rings are necessarily used for the construction of many accelerator-driven facilities as spallation sources or facilities for the production of radioactive isotopes. During operation, such component will absorb high doses of mixed neutron and gamma radiation, that can degrade their mechanical and structural properties. Experimental radiation damage tests of these components are mandatory for the construction of the facility. Methodologies for irradiation in nuclear reactor mixed fields and post-irradiation examination of lubricating oils, greases and O-rings were developed and are here presented. Samples were characterized with standard mechanical and physical-chemical tests. Parametric studies on the dose rate effects have been performed on O-rings. A case studies for a specific O-ring application in a gate valve has been developed. Some of the tested samples showed a dramatic change of their properties with dose, while others remain stable. Results were collected on nine commercial greases, on one oil and on four commercial elastomeric O-rings. The most radiation resistant among the selected products are now considered for application in facilities under construction. The main mechanisms of neutron and gamma radiation damage on these polymers were investigated at the mechanical and structural level.

No Need for Radio Active Tracer When Mother Nature Helps Detecting the Effective Hydraulic Fracture Height

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Lukmanov ◽  
Said Jabri ◽  
Ehab Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Fracture Height

Abstract The tight gas reservoirs of Haima Supergroup provide the majority of gas production in the Sultanate of Oman. The paper discusses a possibility of using the anomalies from natural radioactivity to evaluate the fracture height for complex tight gas in mature fields of Oman. The standard industry practice is adding radioactive isotopes to the proppant. Spectral Gamma Ray log is used to determine near wellbore traced proppant placement. Spectral Noise log in combination with Production logs helps to identify the active fractures contributing to production. These methods complement each other, but they are obviously associated with costs. Hence, majority of wells are fracced without tracers or any other fracture height diagnostics. However, in several brown fields, an alternative approach to identify fracture height has been developed which provides fit-for-purpose results. It is based on the analysis of naturally occurring radioactive minerals (NORM) precipitation. The anomalies were observed in the many gas reservoirs even in cases when tracers were not used. At certain conditions, these anomalies can be used to characterize fracture propagation and optimize future wells hydraulic Fracture design. A high number of PLTs and well test information were analyzed. Since tight formations normally don't produce without fracturing, radioactive anomalies flag the contributing intervals and hence fracture propagation. The main element of analysis procedure is related to that fact that if no tracers applied, the discrepancy between normalized Open Hole Gamma Ray and Gamma Ray taken during PLT after 6-12 months of production can be used instead to establish fracture height. This method cannot be applied for immediate interpretation of fracture propagation because time is required to precipitate NORM and using the anomalies concept. The advantage of this method is that it can be used in some fields to estimate the frac effectiveness of wells without artificial tracers. It is normally assumed that the Natural radioactivity anomalies appear mainly due to co-production of the formation water. However, in the fields of interest the anomalies appear in wells producing only gas and condensate. This observation provides an opportunity for active fracture height determination at minimum cost.

scholarly journals Testing for presence of radioactivity in BC Pacific Ocean’s seafood supply

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Luan ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Bobby Sidhu ◽  
Abderrachid Zitouni
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

  Abstract: Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant incident in March 2011, large quantities of contaminated water were released to the Pacific Ocean in Japan. The severity of contamination on the marine environment is unclear, therefore, the public is concerned with the possible internal radiation exposure from ingesting contaminated seafood products caught in the Pacific Ocean. This study was aimed to investigate the presence or absence of gamma radioactivity in commonly consumed seafood products from B.C. In total, ten different species of fish and three different species of shellfish were selected for analysis. For each species of fish, two samples were collected and each sample was from a different local seafood market. For each species of shellfish, ten samples were collected from three different sources. Using the portable GR-135 Plus gamma ray spectrometer, the samples were tested and analyzed for the presence of Fukushima radionuclides, particularly Cesium-137 (Cs-137) and Cesium- 134 (Cs-134).Based on the analyzed fish and shellfish, no gamma radiation was detected. The detector did not identify any gamma radiation over the normal background readings.  

scholarly journals Precision measurements on oxygen formation in stellar helium burning with gamma-ray beams and a Time Projection Chamber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Smith ◽  
Moshe Gai ◽  
Sarah Stern ◽  
Deran Schweitzer ◽  
Mohammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Time Projection Chamber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Helium Burning ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
First Time

Abstract Stellar Evolution theory relies on our knowledge of nuclear reactions, with the carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratio, at the end of helium burning, being the single most important input. However, the C/O ratio is still not known with sufficient accuracy, due to large uncertainties in the cross section for the fusion of helium with 12C to form 16O, denoted as the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction. We present initial results at moderately low energies using a novel method, which is significantly different from the experimental efforts of the past four decades. Precise angular distributions of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction were obtained by measuring the inverse 16O(γ,α)12C reaction with gamma-beams and a Time Projection Chamber detector. These allowed us to measure, for the first time, the interference angle of the l = 1 and 2 partial waves contributing to this reaction (φ12), which agrees with predictions based on the unitarity of the scattering matrix.

THE TOTAL GAMMA RAY ACTIVITY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AS INDICATED BY GEIGER COUNTER DETERMINATIONS

Geophysics ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Geiger Counter ◽  
Rock Samples

Geiger counter determinations of the gamma ray intensity of 510 rock samples have been made to determine the average radioactivity and frequency distribution of radioactivities of the various types of sedimentary rocks. The results, expressed in units of gamma ray intensity, show that limestones, sandstones and dolomites are of relatively low radioactivity, shales much higher, and black bituminous shales highest of all. The new data on the gamma radiation of the sediments may be used to improve the interpretation of radioactivity logs and to determine the value of surface radioactivity surveys.

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