scholarly journals Protestant Ethics in Academia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Academic Ethics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Western Model ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Work Ethos ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Academic ethics has recently become an important issue in Poland. With changes in the Polish law on higher education a new approach to ethics of students and academics has been presented. As a PhD student and young researcher, I am personally interested in the introduced changes. This article seeks to examine professional academic ethics in terms of two chosen theories, that is, the Protestant work ethic of Max Weber and its adaptation to the academic environment by Robert K. Merton. I situate both theories in the  Polish context of shaping the academic ethos. In my deliberations I recall Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s works as fundamental for the Protestant work ethos values, which are honesty, reliability and diligence. Additionally I present their religious as well as non religious aspects. With such theoretical foundations, I attempt to evaluate the risks and violations in the ranks of Polish academics. The theoretical basis and the collected data enable me to put forward the claim that it is not feasible in Poland to follow the Western model of work ethics. Instead, it has to be built from scratch. To start this process, we need to consider the value of responsibility as a crucial category not only for the process of academic ethos formation, but also for everyday life from the early years.

Community Crime Prevention: An Analysis of a Developing Strategy

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan A. Lewis ◽  
Greta Salem
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Developing Strategy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Crime Prevention ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
New Strategies

Crime prevention strategies often aim at changing the motivations and predispositions of offenders. A new approach has developed within the last dec ade which focuses on changing the behavior of potential victims. The authors explore the theoretical foundations of the new strategies for reducing crime, commonly known as community crime prevention. They suggest that the in novation is a result of a major shift in the research paradigm for studying the effects of crime. The orientation underlying community crime prevention is labeled the "victimization perspective." Following a description of some limitations in that perspective, the authors offer, as an alternative, a perspective oriented toward social control. The social control perspective, which is based on the empirical findings of several recently completed research projects, offers a theoretical foundation both for a fresh approach to the study of the effects of crime and for the development of policies for community crime prevention.

Work ethos in American ceremonial discourse addressed to the young

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-579
Author(s):  
Ewa Bogdanowska-Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Ceremonial Discourse ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach ◽  
Work Ethos

The article discusses work ethos in American ceremonial discourse addressed to the young entering adult life. Its aim is to investigate whether the Protestant work ethic still pervades the American thinking about work. Through a qualitative analysis of the corpus of 100 randomly selected commencement addresses delivered during 2016 and 2017 graduation ceremonies in American universities, it is shown how work-related topics are employed by the speakers celebrating the graduates’ academic achievements and providing them with advice for the future. The Discourse-Historical Approach, committed to Critical Discourse Analysis, has been chosen as a methodological approach, integrating the interpretation of discourses and texts with sociological and historical research, studies on narration, stylistics, rhetoric and argumentation theory. As the discourse to be analyzed is culture-specific, I have decided to combine the Discourse-Historical Approach with Cultural Studies.

BETWEEN REFORM AND REPRESSION: IMPRISONMENT IN WEIMAR GERMANY

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAUS WACHSMANN
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Early Years ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Prisoner Rehabilitation

This is the first account of the prison in the Weimar Republic (1918–33), set in the context of the evolution of German social policy. In the early years, the Weimar prison was characterized by hunger, overcrowding, and conflict. At this time, leading officials agreed on a new approach to imprisonment, influenced by the demand for the ‘incapacitation of incorrigibles, reformation of reformables’. This principle was championed by the modern school of criminal law, designed to replace traditional policy based on deterrence and uniform retribution. The policy of reform and repression shaped the Weimar prison. Most prison officials supported the indefinite confinement of ‘incorrigibles’. While this did not become law, many prisoners classified as ‘incorrigible’ (increasingly after ‘objective’ examinations) received worse treatment than others, both in prison and after their release. Regarding the ‘reformables’, some institutions introduced measures aimed at prisoner rehabilitation. But such policies were not fully implemented in other prisons, not least because of resistance by local prison officials. During the collapse of the Weimar Republic in the early 1930s, measures aimed at rehabilitation, only just introduced, were cut back again. By contrast, the repression of ‘incorrigibles’ was pursued with even more vigour than before, an important legacy for Nazi penal policy.

scholarly journals Early years immersion

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-85
Author(s):  
Christine Stephen ◽  
Joanna McPake ◽  
Irene Pollock ◽  
Wilson McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Language Immersion ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
Immersion Education ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Language Revitalisation ◽  
Quality Learning ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This paper considers the pedagogic challenges encountered in preschool settings which strive to provide high quality learning experiences across the curriculum for three- to five-year olds while also immersing them in a second language. In our effort to develop an empirically and theoretically informed foundation for the development of pedagogic practices in Gaelic-medium preschools in Scotland, we draw on literature from early years education and from early total immersion, particularly in relation to language revitalisation initiatives, and report the findings from our study of the everyday experiences of young learners in three Gaelic-medium playrooms. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges for early years practitioners charged with meeting the goals of both the early years curriculum and early language immersion. It proposes theoretical foundations from which a specific pedagogy and professional practice model for preschool immersion education can be developed, to ensure that these goals are integrated rather than in tension.

scholarly journals Importancia de la administración eficiente del capital de trabajo en las Pymes. // Importance of efficient management of working capital in SMEs.

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita García Aguilar ◽  
Sandra Galarza Torres ◽  
Aníbal Altamirano Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cash Conversion Cycle ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
A Company ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

En este trabajo se analiza la importancia de una eficiente administración del capital de trabajo, como estrategia para lograr la operatividad de las Pymes y su permanencia en el tiempo. El capital de trabajo es el efectivo mínimo que toda empresa necesita para ejecutar con normalidad sus actividades operativas. Una gestión adecuada del mismo, permite contar con liquidez necesaria para cubrir las obligaciones de corto plazo, como resultado de la eficiente aplicación del ciclo de conversión del efectivo. Para esto, se aplicó una metodología de análisis documental tomando como referencia fuentes secundarias de investigación, tales como libros y artículos científicos. A partir de lo anterior, se analizó los fundamentos teóricos del capital de trabajo, sus métodos de cálculo y una revisión de investigaciones sobre la administración del capital de trabajo en Pymes latinoamericanas. Como resultado se determinó que el capital de trabajo es una herramienta financiera a la que todo administrador debe prestarle atención y dedicarle tiempo, debido a que determina la supervivencia de una empresa durante los primeros años de su existencia. Por otro lado, existen algunos métodos de cálculo para estimar el capital de trabajo, cada uno tiene sus características esenciales y su aplicación, dependen de la actividad a la que se dedique la entidad. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyze the importance of an efficient administration of working capital, as a strategy to achieve the operation of SMEs and their permanence in time. Working capital is the minimum cash that every company needs to execute its operating activities normally. Proper management of the asset enables to have the necessary liquidity to cover short-term obligations, as a result of the efficient application of the cash conversion cycle. For this, a methodology of documentary analysis was applied taking as reference secondary research sources, such as books and scientific papers. Based on the above, the theoretical foundations of working capital, their methods of calculation and a review of research on the management of working capital in Latin American SMEs were analyzed. As a result, it was determined that working capital is a financial tool that every manager must pay attention and spend time, because it determines the survival of a company in the early years of its existence. On the other hand, there are some calculation methods to estimate working capital, each has its essential characteristics and its application depends on the activity to which the organization is committed.

scholarly journals The Protestant Work Ethic and Attitudes Towards Work

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Raluca Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
Military Students ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic

Abstract In this paper we will present the concept of Protestant Work Ethics as conceptualized and measured by several authors, starting with its initiator, Max Weber, in order to emphasize the importance of work ethic on attitudes towards work. We will also analyze the four dimensions of work ethic - hard work, nonleisure, independence and asceticism, identified by Blau and Ryan (1997) among military students, trying to identify how they vary according to a series of socio- demographic data of military students.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between the Openness and Effectiveness of Strategic Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Amrollahi ◽  
Bruce Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This paper focuses on a new approach for facilitating the participation of stakeholders in a process of strategic planning known as open strategic planning (OSP). OSP is recognised through three characteristics: inclusiveness, transparency, and the use of information technology (IT) tools. Drawing on the theoretical foundations of OSP, the research explores moderating factors impacting the relationship between these characteristics and OSP effectiveness by referring to qualitative data obtained from two open strategic planning projects. A secondary aim was to examine how stakeholders interpret the effectiveness of OSP in an organisational setting. Results indicate various moderating factors (level of trust, IT literacy, and diversity of participants) impacted the relationship between the characteristics of OSP and strategic planning effectiveness. The study formulates eight propositions, each is discussed in relation to the existing literature on strategic planning effectiveness. This paper is significant as it is the first exploratory research linking openness and strategic planning outcomes.

scholarly journals ECONOMY AS A RELIGIOUS PROBLEM. A POLITICAL APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Fabián Ludueña Romandini
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Ernst Troeltsch ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article tackles the problem of understanding money and economy with non-economic analytical categories. The first part is devoted to point out the differences between the exclusively economic approaches to money and the recent research, from anthropology to philosophy, that has laid stress on the political and religious aspects of the monetary phenomenon. The second part is focused on Georg Simmel’s fundamental contributions to a philosophical comprehension of money. Finally, a fragment by Walter Benjamin is the point of departure to consider the religious and political aspects of modern capitalism and their relationships with the works of Karl Marx, Ernst Troeltsch and Max Weber.

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