scholarly journals A Preliminary Research Study on the Cytotoxicity of Expired and Non-expired Composite Resins: In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Magrur Kazak DDS, PhD ◽  
Nazmiye Donmez DDS, PhD ◽  
Fatemeh Bahadori PhD ◽  
Vildan Betul Yenigun PhD ◽  
Abdurrahim Kocyigit MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Research

Objective: Studies have focused on use of non-expired composites. Unfortunately some clinicians still use expired composite resins without considering their effects. The objective of this in vitro preliminary research was to investigate cytotoxicity of expired(6-months) and non-expired composite resins. Materials and methods: Expired (E) and non-expired (NE) samples of one bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill [TNB], Ivoclar Vivadent), two nano-hybrid (Tetric N-Ceram [TN], Ivoclar Vivadent; Clearfil Majesty ES-2 [CM], Kuraray) composite resins were tested on L929 fibroblast cells. Medium covering cells was removed then plastic rings (2-mm height) were filled with non-polymerized composite resins, placed in direct contact with cells and polymerized with LED light curing unit (LCU). Three samples were prepared for each group. After polymerization, removed medium was added to the cells. Cells that were left without medium (WOM) and cells that were exposed to LCU were used as positive control groups. Cells without any treatment were used as negative control group (C). Cells were incubated with tested materials for 7-days to evaluate cytotoxicity. Cell viability was calculated by sulforhodamine B test as a percentage (%). One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: Comparison between E and NE groups of same composite resins did not result in statistically significant differences (p>0.05), except between TN NE and TN E (p<0.05). TN E group was significantly more cytotoxic than TN NE group. When NE composite resin groups were compared to each other, statistically significant difference was only obtained between TNB NE and TN NE (p<0.05). Among all tested groups, TN NE group showed the least cytotoxic profile. No statistically significant differences were determined when E composite resin groups were compared to each other (p>0.05). All experimental groups compared with C group showed statistically significant cytotoxicity (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference existed between LCU and C groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: In clinical practice, expired composite resins should never be used. Although a correlation was found between expiration dates of nano-hybrid composite resins and cell viability, opposite data were obtained for bulk-fill composite resin. Researches are still required to evaluate biocompatibility of bulk-fill composite resins at various thicknesses with current LCUs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, AH26, and Endofill sealers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Galledar ◽  
Robab Farhang ◽  
Malek Abazari ◽  
Parisa Negahdar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Proper apical seal plays an important role in the success of root canal treatment. The most common cause of failure of root canal therapy is known as the lack of adequate apical seal. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, , and Endofill sealers using dye penetration method. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, 72 single-rooted extracted human teeth were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 and two positive and negative control groups of 6. The canals were prepared by step-back technique and then filled with gutta-percha and one of the sealers mentioned. In the positive control group, the canals were filled with gutta-percha without sealer, and in the negative control group, the canals were prepared but not filled. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The teeth were then cut longitudinally and the level of dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 19 software, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: The mean level of dye penetration in the Endofill test group was significantly higher than that in the  and MTA Fillapex test groups. While, the observed difference between  and MTA Fillapex groups was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that  and MTA Fillapex sealers did not show any significant difference in apical seal properties. However, their sealing strength was significantly greater than Endofill sealer.KeywordsAH26 sealer; Endofill; MTA Fillapex; Microleakag

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Analysis Evaluating Apical Microleakage in Retrograde Filling using GIC, MTA and Biodentine: An in-vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Nepal ◽  
Snigdha Shubham ◽  
Rupam Tripathi ◽  
Jwolan Khadka ◽  
Deepa Kunwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Retrograde Filling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supernatant Solution

Abstract Background The present study compares the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials in which the retrograde cavity is prepared by two different burs. Methods Eighty extracted single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars were taken. Root canal treatment was completed. Apical 3 mm of all the teeth were resected with diamond disk. The tooth were divided into four groups with two subgroups for each group containing 10 tooth (N= 10) as: Group IA (Negative Control and IB (Positive Control); Group IIA and IIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with GIC; Group IIIA and IIIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with MTA; Group IVA and IVB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur, filled with Biodentine. After applying two coats of nail varnish leaving apical 3 mm (except for negative control group) all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 3 days and again in 65% nitric acid for next 3 days for extraction of dye. The obtained solution was then transferred to eppendorf tube and centrifuged in microcentrifuges at 14,000 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 5 minutes. Optical density or absorbance of the supernatant solution was measured with UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Results The absorbance of the supernatant solution after dye extraction is decreasing in the order of positive control> GIC> MTA> Biodentine> negative control group. The significant difference was observed between GIC and MTA (p=0.0001) and GIC and Biodentine (p=0.0001) with two different burs but statistically non-significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine with Carbide bur (p=0.127) and Diamond bur (p=0.496) respectively. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that Biodentine and MTA showed less microleakage as compared to GIC. There is no significant difference between mean microleakage of MTA and Biodentine. However, the mean OD of the Biodentine was least of all evaluated materials. Preparation of the root-end using round carbide bur as well as round diamond burs showed comparable microleakage for all three filling materials.

scholarly journals Effects of Additional Use of Bioactive Glasses or a Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste on Remineralization of Artificial Lesions in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Philipp Körner ◽  
Jana A Schleich ◽  
Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Florian J. Wegehaupt
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Initial Caries

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of two different bioactive glasses, a hydroxyapatite-containing, fluoride-free toothpaste (HTP) and a fluoride toothpaste (FTP) on the remineralization behavior of initial caries lesions. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 100 bovine enamel samples were randomly allocated to five groups of 20 samples each: NC = negative control group (artificial saliva); HTP = HTP group (Karex); FTP = FTP group (Elmex caries protection, 1,400 ppm); FTP + BG<sub>nano</sub> = FTP followed by Actimins bioactive glass; FTP + BG<sub>amorph</sub> = FTP followed by Schott bioactive glass. Radiographic documentation (advanced transversal microradiography; aTMR) was applied before and after all samples were exposed to a demineralizing gel for 10 days. Over a period of 28 days, samples were covered twice a day (every 12 h) with a toothpaste slurry of the respective test group or with artificial saliva in NC for 60 s and brushed with 15 brushing strokes. Samples in FTP + BG<sub>nano</sub> and FTP + BG<sub>amorph</sub> were additionally treated with the respective bioactive glass slurry for 30 s after brushing with the FTP. In the meantime, all samples were stored in artificial saliva. After 28 days, the structure of all samples was assessed again using aTMR and compared to the values measured after demineralization. The statistical evaluation of the integrated mineral loss was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a post hoc Conover test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The FTP revealed the significantly highest increase of mineral content while the HTP showed the significantly lowest remineralization. Compared to artificial saliva, the use of the HTP or the combined application of FTP followed by bioactive glasses (FTP + BG<sub>nano</sub> and FTP + BG<sub>amorph</sub>) showed no significant remineralization. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Under remineralizing in vitro conditions, brushing with 1,400 ppm FTP induced significantly more remineralization compared to storage in artificial saliva. The additional administration of both bioactive glasses as well as the substitutional brushing with an HTP resulted in significantly less remineralization compared to brushing with 1,400 ppm FTP.

scholarly journals Comparison of MTA, CEM Cement, and Biodentine as Coronal Plug during Internal Bleaching: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paridokht Zarean ◽  
Parichehr Zarean ◽  
Arash Ravaghi ◽  
Maryam Zare Jahromi ◽  
Mitra Sadrameli
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Cem Cement ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Internal bleaching is a choice of treatment in discolored endodontically treated teeth. Cervical root resorption is one of the important complications of this treatment. A suggested procedure to prevent this type of resorption is using a coronal barrier under the bleaching materials. The aim of the study was to compare the microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and Biodentine. Materials and Methods. In this in vitro study, a total of 60 single canal incisors were included. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 16), one positive control group (n = 6), and one negative control group (n = 6). Coronal portion of the canals in the experimental groups was sealed with 3 mm of MTA, CEM cement, or Biodentine as a coronal barrier. After 3 days, specimens were bleached. A fresh Enterococcus faecalis suspension was added to the samples. The culture tubes were observed for 45 days, and the daily turbidity was recorded. Statistical analysis was accomplished by the Kaplan–Meier test and SPSS 22. Results. All positive samples showed turbidity, whereas none of the negative samples allowed bacterial leakage. Results showed no significant difference between MTA, CEM cement, and Biodentine groups. ( P value = 0.304, 0.695, and 0.217). The bacterial microleakage for the two groups also did not show significant differences. Conclusions. CEM cement and Biodentine showed promising results as coronal plug, and clinical studies are needed to test these materials with MTA for avoiding microleakage in internal bleaching treatment.

scholarly journals Bond Strength Evaluation of Bulk- fill Composites to Dentin Under Different Surface Treatments

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-207
Author(s):  
Kazım Bas ◽  
Ebru Uslu Cender
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of three high-viscosity bulk-fill composite resins applied as single layers of 4mm thickness and of one microhybrid composite resin applied incrementally with a thickness of 2mm on dentin surfaces prepared with different surface preparation methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 caries-free human molars whose dentines had been exposed were used. Three groups, each containing 44 teeth, were formed. The acid group was etched with 32% phosphoric acid; laser group was etched with Er, Cr; YSGG laser and the control group was prepared with silicon carbid paper. Following the application of bonding agent, composite resin materials were applied on teeth using teflon moulds of 4x4mm. The samples were then subjected to shear bond strength tests. Two-way variance analysis and Tukey HSD multiple comparison test were applied on collected data. Results: There was a significant difference between surface treatment methods used regarding shear bond strength (P<0.001). The highest shear bond strength values were detected in the “Acid” group while the lowest shear bond strength values were detected in the “control” group. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference among composite resins (P>0.05). Conclusions: Laser etching of the dentin tissues is not as effective as acid etching. Bulk-fill composites had similar effects compared with conventional composite resins with regard to bonding strength. More in vitro studies supported with clinical data are required to investigate the performance of bulk-fill composites and laser.

scholarly journals SEM evaluation of gap at the resin dentin interface in Class II composite resin restoration: an in vitro study

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
P Mazumdar ◽  
U Kumar Das ◽  
R Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Flowable Composite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Composite resins have become one of the most commonly used direct restorative materials for anterior and posterior teeth.Objectives: To observe and analyze the gap at the resin dentin interface in class II cavities restored with light cure composite resin in four experimental groups employing 37% phosphoric acid or self etching monomers and restored with /without light cure flowable composite resin.Methods: 40 sound maxillary first premolars, extracted due to orthodontic reasons was taken, distoproximal cavities were prepared and divided into 4 groups. Teeth of Group 1 was etched by 37% Phosphoric acid and light cure flowable composite resin was used, in group 2 ,two coats of self etching acidic monomer were applied and light cure flowable composite resin was used. Teeth of group 3 was etched with 37% phosphoric acid and restored without light cure flowable composite resin and in group 4, two coats of self etching acidic monomer were applied and restored without using light cure flowable composite resin material. Thermocycling was done after finishing and polishing and viewed under scanning electron microscope to observe and analyze the gap between tooth and the restoration.Result: Gap was observed at dentin-composite resin interface in all 4 groups. Results were evaluated by F-test and Manwhitney U test. No statistically significant difference was found.Conclusion: Use of flowable composite resin liner and the etching technique do not have any influence on the gap.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6571 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 98-104

scholarly journals Diffusion of calcium hydroxide through dentinal tubules of retreated root canals: An in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustafa ◽  
Wafa Hassan Alaajam ◽  
Ahmed Abdul Azeim ◽  
Najla Aedh Alfayi ◽  
Rahaif Misfer Alqobty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACTObjective: Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth are scarce. The present study aims at examining the diffusion of calcium hydroxide in vitro by recording the pH changes of retreated root canal using two types of calcium hydroxide preparations. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 recently extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars were collected and cleaned from calculus and remains of periodontal tissue. The teeth so collected were stored in thymol 10% solution till use. During collection, teeth with cracks, open apices, and restorations were excluded. Root canal preparations were performed using Protaper rotary system files, till #F3 file. All canals were obturated using cold lateral condensation and zinc oxide-based sealer. After 7 days, all gutta-percha were removed and the canals were irrigated with normal saline. The teeth were then randomly distributed into three groups. Canals in Group I were kept empty without any dressing to serve as a negative control group, Canals in Group II were filled with a freshly prepared mixture of calcium hydroxide powder with normal saline solution, and Group III was filled with Metapex. Periodically, the calcium hydroxide material was removed and the pH was measured using pH meter at 7, 10, 14, and 30 days. Results: The pH values of Group II and III ranged between 9.2 and 11.2. This was found to be highly significant against the negative control group. After 7 and 10 days, freshly mixed Ca(OH)2 showed the higher pH than the creamy Metapex, and statistically the difference was highly significant after 10 days (P<0.001). After 14 days, Metapex group pH was higher than freshly mixed Ca(OH)2, but it was not statistically significant as they reached nearly the same pH after 30 days (P>0.05). Conclusion: All Ca(OH)2 preparations had high pH around the roots after 7 and 10 days. Metapex continued to have higher pH after 14 days.

scholarly journals Potential anti-tumor activites of extract from fresh leaves of the male papaya (Carica papaya L.) collected in Ha Tinh province

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Tran Phuong Trinh ◽  
Phan Bao Linh ◽  
Pham Thi Tam
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ic50 Values

Nowadays, the percentage of people with cancer is increasing. There are many methods used to treat cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, the radiation, etc. In addition, the use of medicinal plants, natural products, is also popularly applied for cancer patients. Using 90% ethanol as the extraction solvent, we produced 4 kinds of concentrated extracts from dried flowers, dried leaves, fresh flowers, fresh leaves of male papaya (Carica papaya Linn). In vitro study, the extracts of dried flowers, fresh flowers did not effect on MCF7, A549, HT 29, Huh 7R, HEK 293 and LLC cancer cell lines. The extracts of dried leaves and fresh leaves presented cytotoxic effects with IC50 values ranging from 1.88 to 13.64 mg/mL. Meanwhile, activities of the extract of fresh leaves was 4-6 times stronger than that of the extract of dried leaves's. Based on evaluation of the IL2 and IL6 production capability of macrophage, we found that the extract of fresh leaves strongly inhibited the IL-6 production at 4 mg/mL (50.56%) and 0.8 mg/mL (23.79%) in comparison with the negative control (P<0.05) while it did not show the ability to induce IL-2 in the same studied concentrations. Using tumor bearing mice as model for studying the antitumor activities of extract of fresh leaves at the dose of 3 mL/kg/day and 6 mL/kg/day, we identified the positive effects of the higher dose treatment. The results showed that the extract of fresh leaves at the dose of 6 mL/kg/day could inhibit 33.44% the tumors’ sizes on day 28 (P<0.05); tumor's weigh decreased to 9.84 against 13.76 g of the negative control; the WBC parameter reduced from 41.65x106/mL to 19.1x106/mL (P<0.05), AST decreased from 1441.6 U/L to 1038.97 U/L (P<0.01), and creatinin decreased from 26.37 µmol/L to 20.63 µmol/L compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). These promising results are the scientific evidences for applying this extract in cancer treatment in the future.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Analysis Evaluating Apical Microleakage in Retrograde Filling using GIC, MTA and Biodentine: An in-vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Nepal ◽  
Snigdha Shubham ◽  
Rupam Tripathi ◽  
Jwolan Khadka ◽  
Deepa Kunwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Retrograde Filling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supernatant Solution

Abstract Background The present study compares the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials in which the retrograde cavity is prepared by two different burs.Methods Eighty extracted single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars were taken. Root canal treatment was completed. Apical 3 mm of all the teeth were resected with diamond disk. The tooth were divided into four groups with two subgroups for each group containing 10 tooth (N= 10) as: Group IA (Negative Control and IB (Positive Control); Group IIA and IIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with GIC; Group IIIA and IIIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with MTA; Group IVA and IVB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur, filled with Biodentine. After applying two coats of nail varnish leaving apical 3 mm (except for negative control group) all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 3 days and again in 65% nitric acid for next 3 days for extraction of dye. The obtained solution was then transferred to eppendorf tube and centrifuged in microcentrifuges at 14,000 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 5 minutes. Optical density or absorbance of the supernatant solution was measured with UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm.esults The absorbance of the supernatant solution after dye extraction is decreasing in the order of positive control> GIC> MTA> Biodentine> negative control group. The significant difference was observed between GIC and MTA (p=0.0001) and GIC and Biodentine (p=0.0001) with two different burs but statistically non-significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine with Carbide bur (p=0.127) and Diamond bur (p=0.496) respectively.Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that Biodentine and MTA showed less microleakage as compared to GIC. There is no significant difference between mean microleakage of MTA and Biodentine. However, the mean OD of the Biodentine was least of all evaluated materials. Preparation of the root-end using round carbide bur as well as round diamond burs showed comparable microleakage for all three filling materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Adhesion Booster on Fluoride-releasing Composite: An in vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Varunjeet Chaudhary ◽  
Sanad Singh Solanki ◽  
Varsha Yadav ◽  
Seema Lahoti
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets bonded with fluoride-releasing composite resins, comparing effect of adhesion booster and conventional primer.Materials & Method: Sixty extracted premolars were subjected to bracket bonding with fluoride-releasing composite resin; which were bonded by randomly divided into two groups of bonding agents: Group 1- conventional primer as control group, Group 2- adhesion booster. After bonding, the samples were thermocycled (500 cycles) at 5ºC and 55ºC temperatures. After 48 hours they were subjected to shear bond strength testing in occluso-gingival direction, using an MTS 810 Universal Testing Machine with load speed of 0.5 mm/min.Result: Mean shear bond strength was significantly more in samples bonded with adhesion booster (14.792±3.805 Mpa) as compared to conventional primers (11.327±4.047 Mpa). There was statistically significant difference in shear bond strength between the groups (p=0.001).Conclusion: The use of the adhesion booster significantly increased the bond strength of bracket bonded with fluoride-releasing composite.

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