Three-level hierarchal modeling of gecko toe adhesion

2008 ◽  
Vol 1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chen ◽  
P. D. Wu ◽  
H. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Adhesion Energy ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Peeling Strength ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gecko Adhesion

ABSTRACTThe underlying mechanisms of gecko adhesion have been investigated through modeling of the three-level hierarchical microstructures under gecko's toe [1]. At the bottom of hierarchy, we show that the peeling strength of a spatula pad for attachment can be 10 times larger than that for detachment. At the intermediate level of hierarchy, we show that the 10 times difference in the peeling strength of a spatula pad for attachment and detachment leads to a 100 times difference in adhesion energy at the level of seta. At the top of hierarchy, the attachment of a gecko toe is modeled as a pad under displacement controlled pulling, which yields an adhesive strength more than sufficient for gecko's body weight; On the other hand, the detachment is modeled as a pad under peeling, giving rise to a negligible peel-off force. The present study reveals that the hierarchical microstructures play critical roles in providing gecko with robust attachment and easy detachment.

scholarly journals Emergence of cultural intelligence and global mindset capital: a multilevel model

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jase R. Ramsey ◽  
Amine Abi Aad ◽  
Chuandi Jiang ◽  
Livia Barakat ◽  
Virginia Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Mindset ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Conceptual Study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish under which conditions researchers should use the constructs cultural intelligence (CQ) and global mindset (GM). The authors further seek to understand the process through which these constructs emerge to a higher level and link unit-level knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a conceptual study with a multilevel model. Findings This paper differentiates two similar lines of research occurring concordantly on the CQ and GM constructs. Next, the authors develop a multilevel model to better understand the process through which CQ and GM emerge at higher levels and their underlying mechanisms. Finally, this paper adds meaning to the firm-level KSAs by linking firm-level KSAs capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes. Research limitations/implications The conclusion implies that researchers should use CQ when the context is focused on interpersonal outcomes and GM when focused on strategic outcomes. The multilevel model is a useful tool for scholars to select which rubric to use in future studies that have international managers as the subjects. The authors argue that if the scholar is interested in an individual’s ability to craft policy and implement strategy, then GM may be more parsimonious than CQ. On the other hand, if the focus is on leadership, human resources or any other relationship dependent outcome, then CQ will provide a more robust measure. Practical implications For practitioners, this study provides a useful tool for managers to improve individual-level commitment by selecting and training individuals high in CQ. On the other hand, if the desired outcome is firm-level sales or performance, the focus should be on targeting individuals high in GM. Originality/value This is the first theoretical paper to examine how CQ and GM emerge to the firm level and describe when to use each measure.

scholarly journals The relationship between body weight and exterior measurements in domestic ostriches during the first four months after hatching

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Andrey Kurtenkov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

It is related leg problems to the realization of the necessity of doing a detailed analysis of the phenotype correlations between body weight and exterior measurements. As a result of the study, lower coefficients have been obtained of the correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings, on the other hand (respectively 0.563 and 0.608), compared with the one between the body weight and the girth behind the wings (0.898). It is advisable in the selection of ostriches to take into consideration the necessity of a higher phenotypic correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on the one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings on the other hand, with a view to preventing leg problems.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin E on Indomethacin induced low pH of Seminal Fluid in Long Evans Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
Humaira Naushaba ◽  
Uttam Kumar Paul ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Sunjida Shahriah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Different Doses

Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic drug. Though it is effective drug in various diseases, indomethacin causes inhibition of spermatogenesis by lowering the pH of seminal fluid leading to infertility. On the other hand, vitamin E enhances spermatogenesis by increasing pH of the seminal fluid. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective role of vitamin E on indomethacin induced low pH of seminal fluid in testicular damage. Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin E on indomethacin induced low pH of seminal fluid in testicular damage in Long Evans rats. Study design: An experimental study. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka in the period of August, 2005 to June, 2006. Materials and methods: Eightyfour mature Long Evans male rats were divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV). The rats of group I, II and III were treated with indomethacin at different doses and duration. Group IV rats were treated with indomethacin plus vitamin E at different doses for 49 days. The pH of seminal fluid were measured biochemically. Results: There was significant reduction (P<0.001) of pH of seminal fluid when the rats were treated with indomethacin at low (2 mg/kg body weight/day) and high (10 mg/kg body weight/day) doses for 7, 14 and 42 days, respectively. On the other hand, rats treated with indomethacin plus vitamin E for 49 days showed increase in pH of seminal fluid compared to other groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that vitamin E has potential role in the prevention of the antispermatogenic effects of indomethacin by increasing the pH of seminal fluid. Key words: seminal fluid; indomethacin; vitamin E   DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i1.6103 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2010, Vol. 8 No. 1 pp. 13-15

Radioprotective and Radiosensitizing Effects of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Derivatives on Mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 726-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Nishimura ◽  
Michinobu Hashimoto ◽  
Katsunobu Konno ◽  
Yasuhiko Ohta ◽  
Satoshi Tahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Radioprotective Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Derivatives ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hydantoin Derivatives ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Both protection and sensitization of Mice C57BL against 60Co γ-rays by sulfur-containing amino acid derivatives - S-alkyl-L-cysteines, S-alkyl-2-methyl-DL-cysteines and their hydantoin derivatives, and sulfoxides of these compounds - were examined. DL-5-Allylthiomethyl-5-methylhydantoin (150 mg/kg body weight) had a remarkable radioprotective effect. The survival ratio was 4.33 or above two times as much as that of L-cysteine. On the other hand, its sulfoxide had a radiosensitizing effects; survival ratio, 0.333.

Corticotropin- and lysine-vasopressin induced changes of plasma corticosteroids and testosterone in the adult male pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hahmeier ◽  
M. Fenske ◽  
L. Pitzel ◽  
W. Holtz ◽  
A. König
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract. Intravenous injection of 10.0 μg/kg body weight synthetic corticotropin (1-24 ACTH) into chronically cannulated boars resulted in significantly elevated plasma corticosteroid and testosterone levels between 20 and 140 min (corticosteroids) and 20–80 min (testosterone) after injection. Administration of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) at doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 IU/kg body weight elicited a significant increase of plasma corticosteroids between 20 and 40 min after injection; on the other hand, plasma testosterone concentrations tended to fall when compared to pre-treatment levels. From our results it can be concluded that exogenously applied ACTH can effectively stimulate the release of corticosteroids and testosterone. Intravenous administration of LVP results in significantly, although not maximally increased plasma corticosteroid concentrations; the release of endogenous ACTH induced by LVP injection, on the other hand, appeared to be too small to stimulate testosterone release significantly.

The Intercorrelation Between Microstructure and Chemicalmechanical Polish of Metal Thin Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Tsu Tseng ◽  
Ying-Lang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Table Speed

AbstractThe correlation between microstructures of Al and W metal thin films and their respective CMP performance is investigated. It is found that CMP removal rate decreases with increasing grain size. In both cases, the textures of the metal films are altered and their resistivity increased after CMP. The phenomenon is more pronounced for polish under a greater down force. The table speed, on the other hand, has only minimum effects on microstructure and resistivity. The possible underlying mechanisms leading to this phenomenon are proposed and their potential impacts on metallization reliability is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Growth Performance of Camel Calves Feeding on Natural Range Land and Supplementary Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
MA Ebrahiem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementary feeding on the young camels calve growth rate and daily gain. A total of 16 heads of young male camel calves from the Arabic camel breeds were selected and div ided into four equal groups (1, 2,3,4). Four heads of camel calves in each group, their body weight ranged from 176 - 220 kg. Experimental animal in group one was control supplemented nothings jus t depend on the natural range land, group two was feed on watermelon seeds, group three was allowanced concentrated diet composed of ground nut cake and the animals in group four intake mixture diet consist of watermelon seeds and ground nut cake 50% for e ach. The body weight of the experimental animal was determined biweekly using table balance. The random complete experimental design was used and the Analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied for data analysis and means separation. The results indic ated that the average Body weights of the camel calves were 174.75±3.3, 275.93± 9.0, 241.50± 8.5 and 236.50±8.2 Kg, in group one, two, three and four respectively. The higher body weight was recorded in group two (275.93±9 Kg) in which the animals feed on watermelon seeds and followed by group three and four (241.50± 8.5 and 236.50±8.2) respectively. On the other hand the less camel calves body weight was obtained in group one (control) that experimental animals not intake supplementary feeding. Highly diff erences (P ≤ 0.01) were obtained in the body weight between the groups. The daily gain of the first group, second, third and fourth were 214±12g, 624±28g, 542±19g and 528±12g, respectively, while no significant differences (P ≥ 0.01) between diets groundnut cake 242 kg and mixture diet 237 kg. The protein content was higher in ground nut cake 41% when compared to the protein content in watermelon seeds 36%, on the other hand the percentage of fat was highest in watermelon seeds 27.8% compared to ground nut ca ke 13.4%.

P4552The prognostic impact of worsening and improved renal function in acute decompensated heart failure with and without plasma volume expansion

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kawai ◽  
T Yamada ◽  
T Morita ◽  
Y Furukawa ◽  
S Tamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Background Recent studies showed that both worsening renal function (WRF) and improved renal function (IRF) during hospitalization are associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute decompensate heart failure (ADHF). On the other hand, plasma volume (PV) expansion plays an essential role in ADHF. However, there is little information about the difference of prognostic impact of WRF and IRF in ADHF patients, relating to PV status (PVS). Methods We prospectively studied 348 patients admitted for ADHF. PVS was defined as follows: actual PV = (1 - hematocrit) × [a + (b × body weight)] (a=1530 in males and a=864 in females, b=41.0 in males and b=47.9 in females); ideal PV = c × body weight (c=39 in males and c=40 in females); and PVS = [(actual PV - ideal PV)/ideal PV] × 100 (%). WRF and IRF were defined as an increase and a decrease in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dl from admission to discharge, respectively. The endpoint was readmission for worsening heart failure (WHF) within 1 year. Result Median PVS was 6.7% (IQR: −4.1%–16.7%). 43 and 21 patients had WHF in groups with high PVS (PVS ≥ median) and low PVS (PVS > median), respectively. In high PVS group, multivariate Cox analysis showed that IRF was independently and significantly associated with WHF (p=0.016, HR: 2.4 [1.2–4.8]), but WRF was not (p=0.55, HR: 0.7 [0.3–2.1]). On the other hand, in low PVS group, WRF was independently associated with WHF (p=0.035, HR: 3.0 [1.1–8.1]), but IRF was not (p=0.27, HR: 2.1 [0.6–8.0]). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that only patients with IRF had a significantly higher risk of WHF than those with stable renal function (SRF) in high PVS group, while patients with WRF had a significantly higher risk of WHF than those with SRF in low PVS group. Worsening heart failure-free rate curves Conclusion In ADHF patients with PV expansion, IRF during hospitalization could predict poor outcomes, but WRF could not. On the other hand, in ADHF patients without PV expansion, not IRF but WRF could predict poor outcomes. PVS guided-therapy may be considered in secondary prevention for WHF.

scholarly journals Number and size of myenteric neurons of the duodenum of adult rats with acute diabetes

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA MONTSERRAT D.P. FURLAN ◽  
MARCÍLIO H. DE MIRANDA-NETO ◽  
DÉBORA DE MELLO G. SANT'ANA ◽  
SÔNIA L. MOLINARI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Nadh Diaphorase ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Acute Diabetes

This study had as its purpose to assess the effects of acute diabetes induced by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) on the number and size of the myenteric neurons of the duodenum of adult rats considering equally the antimesenteric and intermediate regions of the intestinal circumference. Experimental period extended for a week. Neuronal counts were carried out on the same number of fields of both regions of the duodenal circumference and measurements of neuronal and nuclear areas on equal numbers of cells. Number and size of the myenteric neurons stained with Giemsa were not significantly different between groups. On the other hand, the proportion of NADH-positive neurons increased from 18.54% on the controls to 39.33% on the diabetics. The authors discuss that this increased reactivity probably results from a greater NADH/NAD+ ratio, described in many tissues of diabetic animals, which has consequences on the modulation of the enzymes that use these cofactors and whose activity is detected by the NADH-diaphorase technique.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Karkas Bandikut (Echymipera kalubu) di Kabupaten Manokwari

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Frandz Rumbiak Pawere ◽  
John Arnold Palulungan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Males And Females

The research purpose is to investigate the characteristics of bandicoot’s (Echymipera kalubu) carcass in the Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. Thirty-two (32) bandicoots, with the age of ± 4-month-old, were used for this study, the subjects consisted of 16 males and 16 females. The research method used was the exploration method. The results showed that the bodyweight of males and females bandicoot was 1709.38 ± 506.31 g and 976.63 ± 296.11 g (P<0.05). Carcass weight of males and females bandicoot was 1339 ± 449.53 g and 738.22 ± 233.50 g (P<0.05) respectively. Carcass percentage of males and females bandicoot was 77.15 ± 6.24 % and 75.10 ± 4.32 % (P>0.05). The weight cut forequarter of males and females bandicoot was 614.85±221.87 g and 311.67±101.83 g (P<0,05). The weight cut of the hindquarter of males and females bandicoot was 768.76±377.66 g and 397.89±142.18 g (P<0,05). Fore carcass percentages of males and females bandicoot were 45.48±2.20 % and 42.39±3.50 % (P<0,05). Hind carcass percentage of males and females bandicoot was 56.22±12.22 % and 53.63±6.82% (P>0,05). In conclusion, there are differences in body weight, carcass weight, fore carcass weight, rear carcass weight, and the percentage of fore carcass weight between male and female Echymipera kalubu. On the other hand, there is no difference in the percentage of carcass and rear carcass percentage between male and female Echymipera kalubu.

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