scholarly journals Synthesis of Zeolite A employing Amazon kaolin waste

Cerâmica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (360) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. da Silva Filho ◽  
L. Bieseki ◽  
A. R. da Silva ◽  
A. A. B. Maia ◽  
R. A. S. San Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Mas Nmr ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The synthesis of zeolite A employing kaolin waste from paper coating was studied. The kaolin waste was pre-treated at 550 to 800 ºC. For comparison purposes, a sample of zeolite A was also prepared using the IZA procedure. The materials were characterized by 27Al MAS NMR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy using a microprobe. Pretreatment was necessary, and the best temperatures were between 600 and 700 ºC. The zeolite A formation was observed in all the prepared materials, reaching 52% crystallinity. On the other hand, the sodalite phase and amorphous materials were also formed.

Lutidinium-based ionic liquids for efficient dissolution of cellulose

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2299-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Samikannu ◽  
Shashi Kant Shukla ◽  
Ajaikumar Samikannu ◽  
Jyri-Pekka Mikkola
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Mas Nmr ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cp Mas Nmr ◽  
Efficient Dissolution ◽  
Scanning Electron

Herein, we have studied the potential of lutidinium-based ionic liquids in the dissolution of cellulose as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 13C CP/MAS NMR, spectroscopic methods.

Template-Free Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 Hollow Spheres and Nanocubes

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 2012-2015
Author(s):  
Chang Yun Chen ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Chun Hua ◽  
Zhao Hui Li ◽  
Huan Pang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Magnetic Characteristic ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Scanning Electron

A facile hydrothermal method without any templates has been developed for the preparation of α- Fe2O3nanocubes and hollow spheres. The as-synthesized products is then characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The nanocubes have extraordinary unity and we can anticipate its unique magnetic characteristic. On the other hand, the hollow sphere structure has a promising future in the application as carriers for targeting drug delivery. In our opinions, the method is not only very simple, but also is very friendly to the environment.

Behavior of Some Tungsten Carbide Coatings in Molten Zinc

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Stavros
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molten Zinc ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbide Coatings ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Two different W-Co-C powders were used in three deposition devices, the Super D-Gun, Jet Kote, and JP-5000 to produce coatings for laboratory immersion tests in molten zinc and %55Al-Zn. Resistance was evaluated as time to failure. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the structures ssid failure mechanism. All coatings were found to fail when the molten metal breached the coating thickness at weak spots and spread out over the underlying interface to lift the coating away from the underlying 316L substrate. These weak spots were "pits" on one Super D-Gun coating (the most resistant coating) and cracks on all the other coatings. No diffusion of zinc through the tungsten carbide coatings was observed.

Preparation of Zeolite A from Natural Stellerite

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Chun Ying Zhang ◽  
Nan Chun Chen ◽  
Xiao Hu Zhang ◽  
Quan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
End Products ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zeolite A was prepared from natural stellerite under hydrothermal conditions.The experiments were carried at different crystallization temperatures and times，the experimental results and synthetical factors were analyzed and researched. The end products have been characterized by using FT–IR, X–ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that zeolite A was synthesized on the condition of the crystallization temperature at 90~100°C and the crystallization time for 6 hours with 15% hydrochloric acid of stellerite modifying，according to certain proportion of stellerite.

Structure and Composition of Rhinoceros Horn

1992 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
Joseph C. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractRhinoceros horn has been used medicinally and as a talisman in many cultures and animals are slaughtered to obtain the horn. With the dwindling populations of rhinos, and the limited number and breeding success of captive rhinos, there is a critical need to learn as much as is possible about their horns to find an adequate substitute. Examination of rhino horn was made using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The structure of the horn is unusual and consists of two separate phases, one of hair-like filaments, built around a central core in circumferential layers and the other surrounding and filling in the spaces between the filaments as a matrix. Together, these two structures make up a biological composite, structurally similar to metal, ceramic or polymer based composites. The structural morphology, the dimensions of the structures, and the chemistry of the horn are discussed. Comparisons are made between horn, hoof, and hair of rhinos and hoof and hair from horses, their nearest living relatives.

Influence of Microwave Sintering Environment on the Preparation of AlN Powder and Ceramic

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 967-969
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Zeng ◽  
Duan Fen Qian ◽  
Hu Peng ◽  
Wei Feng Li ◽  
Xuan Yong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Material Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, AlN powder and ceramic are prepared by microwave sintering under various sintering environments. The microstructures of the powder and the ceramic are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technology. The mechanical and thermal properties of the ceramic are studied. It was found that the sintering environment has great influence on the material fabrication. The heat-assisted environment is beneficial to the synthesis of AlN powder. On the other hand, the carbothermal sintering environment has the two-sided influence to the sintering of AlN ceramic.

Influence of Temperature and Alkaline Activation for Synthesis Zeolite A from Natural Kaolin

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimpreeya Thungngern ◽  
Phanwatsa Amnaphiang ◽  
Panuruj Asawaworarit ◽  
Vituruch Goodwin ◽  
Nuwong Chollacoop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Technique ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Alkaline Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zeolite A from natural kaolin have been successfully synthesized via calcination and hydrothermal. However, these techniques have one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin such as muscovite and quartz in the kaolin structure, which depend on temperature and alkaline activation. This work was separated into two steps, first step was used calcination technique, and second step was used hydrothermal technique. Reaction of temperature in the first step was studied the influence of temperature from 500°C to 800°C for 3 hours. In this step, kaolin transformed to metakaolin and remain the impurities. Next, reaction of alkaline activation in second step was studied about the influence of NaOH. The concentration of NaOH in hydrothermal was varied from 1M to 4M and mixed with metakaolin at 90°C for 72 hours. X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for characterization. The solid products were formed to zeolite A at 1M NaOH hydrothermal with 500°C to 800°C calcination and it can be seemed good of euhedral structure at 700°C

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

PENINGKATAN LAJU DISOLUSI ACYCLOVIR DENGAN METODE SISTEM DISPERSI PADAT MENGGUNAKAN POLOXAMER 188

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Erizal Zaini ◽  
Salman Umar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sebuah penelitian tentang sistem dispersi padat dari asiklovir dengan poloxamer 188 telah dilakukan formulasi dengan pencampuran secara fisika dengan rasio 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan dispersi padat 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan penggilingan 1:1 sebagai pembanding. Dispersi padat dibuat menggunakan metode pencairan (fusi), yang digabung dengan poloxamer 188 pada hotplate kemudian asiklovir dimasukkan ke dalam hasil poloxamer 188 lalu di kocok hingga membentuk masa homogen. Semua formula yang terbentuk termasuk asiklovir poloxamer 188 murni dianalisis karakterisasinya dengan Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), kemudian pengambilan dilakukan  (penentuan kadar) mengunakan spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 257,08 nm dan uji laju disolusi dengan aquadest bebas CO2 menggunakan metode dayung. Hasil pengambilan  (penentuan kadar) menunjukkan bahwa semua formula memenuhi persyaratan farmakope Amerika edisi 30 dan farmakope Indonesia edisi 4 yaitu 95-110%. Sedangkan hasil uji laju disolusi untuk campuran fisik 1: 1, dan dispersi padat 1: 1, dan penggilingan 1: 1 menunjukkan peningkatan yang nyata dibandingkan asiklovir murni. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan statistik  menggunakan analisis varian satu arah  SPSS 17.

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