scholarly journals Hydrodynamic changes of the soil-cactus interface, effective actual evapotranspiration and its water efficiency under irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. F. de Morais ◽  
Thieres G. F. da Silva ◽  
Maria G. de Queiroz ◽  
Gherman G. L. de Araújo ◽  
Magna S. B. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

ABSTRACT The knowledge on soil water dynamics is the basis of crop water management. The soil water balance (SWB) method is used for this purpose. However, its application in cactus may lead to misinterpretation in water efficiency analysis, since it does not consider the amount of water retained in the plant (WRP). This study aimed to evaluate SWB applicability, hydrodynamic changes and water efficiency of forage cactus clones under irrigation. The clones ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM), ‘IPA Sertânia’ (IPA) and ‘Miúda’ (MIU) were submitted to irrigation depths (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mm) and frequencies (7, 14 and 28 days), in Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil, between March 2012 and August 2013. The SWB was applied, by adding the WRP in the estimate of the effective actual evapotranspiration (ETrEF). The water efficiency indicators were calculated. The actual evapotranspiration on SWB (ETrSWB) overestimated ETrEF and, like other SWB components, it was affected by the factors irrigation depth, frequency and clone. The clone OEM is the most efficient, due to the use of the WRP, while MIU leads to highest gross economic returns for sale of cladodes as seed. As conclusion, the application of the soil water balance method in areas cultivated with cactus species must be accompanied by WRP.

scholarly journals Coupling DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D for simulations of soil water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Shelia ◽  
Jirka Šimůnek ◽  
Ken Boote ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenbooom
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Hydrus 1D

AbstractAccurate estimation of the soil water balance of the soil-plant-atmosphere system is key to determining the availability of water resources and their optimal management. Evapotranspiration and leaching are the main sinks of water from the system affecting soil water status and hence crop yield. The accuracy of soil water content and evapotranspiration simulations affects crop yield simulations as well. DSSAT is a suite of field-scale, process-based crop models to simulate crop growth and development. A “tipping bucket” water balance approach is currently used in DSSAT for soil hydrologic and water redistribution processes. By comparison, HYDRUS-1D is a hydrological model to simulate water flow in soils using numerical solutions of the Richards equation, but its approach to crop-related process modeling is rather limited. Both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D have been widely used and tested in their separate areas of use. The objectives of our study were: (1) to couple HYDRUS-1D with DSSAT to simulate soil water dynamics, crop growth and yield, (2) to evaluate the coupled model using field experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT for different environments, and (3) to compare HYDRUS-1D simulations with those of the tipping bucket approach using the same datasets. Modularity in the software design of both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D made it easy to couple the two models. The pairing provided the DSSAT interface an ability to use both the tipping bucket and HYDRUS-1D simulation approaches. The two approaches were evaluated in terms of their ability to estimate the soil water balance, especially soil water contents and evapotranspiration rates. Values of thedindex for volumetric water contents were 0.9 and 0.8 for the original and coupled models, respectively. Comparisons of simulations for the pod mass for four soybean and four peanut treatments showed relatively highdindex values for both models (0.94–0.99).

Influence of beech and spruce forests on soil water dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclav Sipek ◽  
Jan Hnilica ◽  
Lukáš Vlček ◽  
Soňa Hnilicová ◽  
Miroslav Tesař
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics

<p>This study focuses on the description of soil water dynamics at four sites with different land cover types, namely beech forest, conifer forest, meadow and clipped grass. The analysis was based on soil tensiometer measurements from five consecutive vegetation seasons (comprising both wet and dry years). We investigated both column average pressure heads and also their vertical distribution. The soil water balance was studied by the HYDRUS-1D model. The highest pressure heads were observed at the grassland site, followed by the meadow site. The forested sites were generally reaching lower pressure head values, which was a result of higher evapotranspiration and different soil properties. The differences between the spruce forest (Picea abies (L.)) and beech forest (Fagus sylvatica L.) were evident namely in dry periods, when the beech site was experiencing lower pressure heads. Contrarily, the spruce site was drier (with recorded lower pressure heads) in wet periods and at the beginning of each season. Compared to the conifer forest, lower pressure heads were observed in beech forest, namely at the bottom of the inspected soil column (down to 100 cm). The inspection of the soil water balance revealed different rates of evapotranspiration and drainage at all sites. The evapotranspiration was highest in the beech canopy followed by spruce and both grass covered sites. The differences between spruce and beech forest were based namely on the water consumption efficiency and differences in interception rates, vertical distribution of the roots, and soil hydraulic properties.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>This research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA CR 20-00788S), SoilWater project (EIG CONCERT-Japan), and by the institutional support of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic (RVO: 67985874).</p>

scholarly journals Soil water dynamics and evapotranspiration of forage cactus clones under rainfed conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽  
Jorge Torres Araújo Primo ◽  
Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura ◽  
Sérvulo Mercier Siqueira e Silva ◽  
José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Area Index

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate soil water dynamics in areas cultivated with forage cactus clones and to determine how environmental conditions and crop growth affect evapotranspiration. The study was conducted in the municipality of Serra Talhada, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Crop growth was monitored through changes in the cladode area index (CAI) and through the soil cover fraction, calculated at the end of the cycle. Real evapotranspiration (ET) of the three evaluated clones was obtained as the residual term in the soil water balance method. No difference was observed between soil water balance components, even though the evaluated clones were of different genus and had different CAI increments. Accumulated ET was of 1,173 mm during the 499 days of the experiment, resulting in daily average of 2.35 mm. The CAI increases the water consumption of the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana clone. In dry conditions, the water consumption of the Miúda clone responds more slowly to variation in soil water availability. The lower evolution of the CAI of the IPA Sertânia clone, during the rainy season, leads to a higher contribution of the evaporation component in ET. The atmospheric demand controls the ET of clones only when there is higher soil water availability; in this condition, the water consumption of the Miúda clone decreases more rapidly with the increase of atmospheric demand.

Modelling the seasonal dynamics of the soil water balance of vineyards

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lebon ◽  
Vincent Dumas ◽  
Philippe Pieri ◽  
Hans R. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Top Soil

A geometrical canopy model describing radiation absorption (Riou et al. 1989, Agronomie 9, 441–450) and partitioning between grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and soil was coupled to a soil water balance routine describing a bilinear change in relative transpiration rate as a function of the fraction of soil transpirable water (FTSW). The model was amended to account for changes in soil evaporation after precipitation events and subsequent dry-down of the top soil layer. It was tested on two experimental vineyards in the Alsace region, France, varying in soil type, water-holding capacity and rooting depth. Simulations were run over four seasons (1992–1993, 1995–1996) and compared with measurements of FTSW conducted with a neutron probe. For three out of four years, the model simulated the dynamics in seasonal soil water balance adequately. For the 1996 season soil water content was overestimated for one vineyard and underestimated for the other. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model responded strongly to changes in canopy parameters, and that soil evaporation was particularly sensitive to water storage of the top soil layer after rainfall. We found a close relationship between field-average soil water storage and pre-dawn water potential, a relationship which could be used to couple physiological models of growth and / or photosynthesis to the soil water dynamics.

scholarly journals Estimation of actual evapotranspiration of Mediterranean perennial crops by means of remote-sensing based surface energy balance models

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minacapilli ◽  
C. Agnese ◽  
F. Blanda ◽  
C. Cammalleri ◽  
G. Ciraolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Energy Balance Models

Abstract. Actual evapotranspiration from typical Mediterranean crops has been assessed in a Sicilian study area by using surface energy balance (SEB) and soil-water balance models. Both modelling approaches use remotely sensed data to estimate evapotranspiration fluxes in a spatially distributed way. The first approach exploits visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and thermal (TIR) observations to solve the surface energy balance equation whereas the soil-water balance model uses only VIS-NIR data to detect the spatial variability of crop parameters. Considering that the study area is characterized by typical spatially sparse Mediterranean vegetation, i.e. olive, citrus and vineyards, alternating bare soil and canopy, we focused the attention on the main conceptual differences between one-source and two-sources energy balance models. Two different models have been tested: the widely used one-source SEBAL model, where soil and vegetation are considered as the sole source (mostly appropriate in the case of uniform vegetation coverage) and the two-sources TSEB model, where soil and vegetation components of the surface energy balance are treated separately. Actual evapotranspiration estimates by means of the two surface energy balance models have been compared vs. the outputs of the agro-hydrological SWAP model, which was applied in a spatially distributed way to simulate one-dimensional water flow in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Remote sensing data in the VIS and NIR spectral ranges have been used to infer spatially distributed vegetation parameters needed to set up the upper boundary condition of SWAP. Actual evapotranspiration values obtained from the application of the soil water balance model SWAP have been considered as the reference to be used for energy balance models accuracy assessment. Airborne hyperspectral data acquired during a NERC (Natural Environment Research Council, UK) campaign in 2005 have been used. The results of this investigation seem to prove a slightly better agreement between SWAP and TSEB for some fields of the study area. Further investigations are programmed in order to confirm these indications.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NOS RESÍDUOS CULTURAIS EM UM SISTEMA IRRIGADO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-636
Author(s):  
Marta Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Reimar Carlesso ◽  
Mirta Teresinha Petry ◽  
Laudenir Juciê Basso ◽  
Sônia Thais Menegaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Santa Maria

DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NOS RESÍDUOS CULTURAIS EM UM SISTEMA IRRIGADO     MARTA RODRIGUES DA ROCHA1; REIMAR CARLESSO2; MIRTA TERESINHA PETRY3; LAUDENIR JUCIÊ BASSO4 E SÔNIA THAIS MENEGAZ5   1Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola (PPGEA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, [email protected]; 2Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS. [email protected]; 3 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, UFSM, [email protected];  4Mestrando do PPGEA, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, [email protected];  5Mestranda em Ciência do Solo e Qualidade da Água, Universidade de Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Saint Paul/ Minnesota/ EUA, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A redução da evaporação e maior conservação de água no solo são apontados como as vantagens da manutenção dos resíduos na superfície do solo, no Sistema Plantio Direto. Quantificar com acurácia a água conservada no solo é necessário, uma vez que, os efeitos benéficos são controversos. Por outro lado, uma intensa camada de resíduos pode reter grande parte da água de irrigação ou da chuva quando as lâminas forem pequenas, além de dificultar as operações de semeadura. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar a interceptação de água de irrigação pelos resíduos culturais e o seu efeito nos componentes do balanço hídrico do solo. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, durante 60 dias, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, sob uma cobertura móvel, em parcelas de 9 m2. Utilizou-se um delineamento bi-fatorial, com três repetições, onde o fator A foi constituído de três níveis de cobertura do solo: 0; 2 e 4 t ha-1 de resíduos de aveia preta. O fator B foi constituído de três lâminas de irrigação (menor, intermediária e maior). Após cada evento de irrigação, uma amostra de 0,09 m2 de resíduos vegetais era coletada e pesada, em intervalos de 0; 3; 6 e 24 horas após a irrigação, a fim de medir a água retida pelos resíduos. O conteúdo de água no solo foi monitorado em cada unidade experimental, até a profundidade de 85 cm, utilizando-se um conjunto de sensores FDR (Reflectometria de domínio de frequência). O balanço hídrico do solo foi determinado pela relação entre a lâmina aplicada, subtraída da lâmina infiltrada, a água retida pelo resíduo vegetal e da lâmina evaporada, após cada evento de irrigação. O uso de cobertura sobre o solo é uma maneira eficiente para reduzir a Es, entretanto a água interceptada pelos resíduos vegetais é evaporada, e esta perda deve ser considerada, especialmente quando se trata de pequenas e frequentes lâminas de irrigação por aspersão.   Palavras-chave: Balanço Hídrico do Solo, Evaporação, Interceptação.     ROCHA, M. R.; CARLESSO, R.; PETRY, M. T.; BASSO, L. J.; MENEGAZ, S. T. WATER DYNAMICS IN AN IRRIGATED SYSTEM’S CROP RESIDUES 2 ABSTRACT   Accurately quantifying soil water storage is necessary, since the beneficial effects of a thick mulch layer are controversial. Nevertheless, an intense layer of mulch can retain much of the small irrigation depths or precipitation, as well as hamper sowing operations. The intent of this paper is to quantify  water interception by crop residues and the effect in the water balance components in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the Federal University of Santa Maria, during 60 days, in 2013 and 2014, under rainout shelter, in 9 m2 plots. Bi- factorial delineation was used, with three repetitions, where factor A was constituted of three levels of soil mulching: 0; 2 and 4 t ha-1 of dry black oat residues. Factor B was constituted of three irrigation depths. After every irrigation event, a sample of 0.09 m² of crop residues was collected and weighted, in a time interval of 0; 3; 6 and 24 hours after irrigation, in order to measure the residues retained water. Soil water content was monitored in each experimental unit, to the depth of 85 cm, using a set of FDR sensors (Frequency domain reflectometers). The soil water balance was determined by the relation between irrigation depth applied, subtracted from the infiltrated irrigation depth, the water retained by the residues and the evaporated irrigation depth, after every irrigation event.   Keywords: Water balance, Evaporated, Interception.

scholarly journals Water Balance Components in Covered and Uncovered Soil Growing Irrigated Muskmelon

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1322-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Leonel Libardi ◽  
Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota ◽  
Raimundo Nonato de Assis Júnior ◽  
Alexsandro dos Santos Brito ◽  
Joaquim Amaro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Water Balance Equation

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the terms (or processes) of the soil water balance equation or simply the components of the soil water balance over the cycle of an agricultural crop is essential for soil and water management. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze these components in a Cambissolo Háplico (Haplocambids) growing muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) under drip irrigation, with covered and uncovered soil, in the municipality of Baraúna, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (05º 04’ 48” S, 37º 37’ 00” W). Muskmelon, variety AF-646, was cultivated in a flat experimental area (20 × 50 m). The crop was spaced at 2.00 m between rows and 0.35 m between plants, in a total of ten 50-m-long plant rows. At points corresponding to ⅓ and ⅔ of each plant row, four tensiometers (at a distance of 0.1 m from each other) were set up at the depths of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m, adjacent to the irrigation line (0.1 m from the plant row), between two selected plants. Five random plant rows were mulched using dry leaves of banana (Musa sp.) along the drip line, forming a 0.5-m-wide strip, which covered an area of 25 m2 per of plant row with covered soil. In the other five rows, there was no covering. Thus, the experiment consisted of two treatments, with 10 replicates, in four phenological stages: initial (7-22 DAS - days after sowing), growing (22-40 DAS), fruiting (40-58 DAS) and maturation (58-70 DAS). Rainfall was measured with a rain gauge and water storage was estimated by the trapezoidal method, based on tensiometer readings and soil water retention curves. For soil water flux densities at 0.3 m, the tensiometers at the depths of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m were considered; the tensiometer at 0.3 m was used to estimate soil water content from the soil water retention curve at this depth, and the other two to calculate the total potential gradient. Flux densities were calculated through use of the Darcy-Buckingham equation, with hydraulic conductivity determined by the instantaneous profile method. Crop actual evapotranspiration was calculated as the unknown of the soil water balance equation. The soil water balance method is effective in estimating the actual evapotranspiration of irrigated muskmelon; there was no significant effect of soil coverage on capillary rise, internal drainage, crop actual evapotranspiration, and muskmelon yield compared with the uncovered soil; the transport of water caused by evaporation in the uncovered soil was controlled by the break in capillarity at the soil-atmosphere interface, which caused similar water dynamics for both management practices applied.

scholarly journals Soil Water dynamics and water balance on a tropical coral island

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengsheng Han ◽  
Suxia Liu ◽  
Xingguo Mo ◽  
Lihu Yang ◽  
XF Song
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Coral Island
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