scholarly journals Sarcopenia, nutritional status and functionality in elderly women living in the community

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
Rosa Sá de Oliveira Neta ◽  
Isabelle Ferreira da Silva Souza ◽  
Saionara Maria Aires da Câmara ◽  
Marcelo Cardoso de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elementary School Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia, functional capacity and nutritional status among elderly women living in the community. Method: an observational, cross-sectional study was performed with 100 elderly women aged over 60 years. A questionnaire containing identification and socioeconomic data and information relating to the practice of physical activity was applied, while anthropometric and body composition data were measured through bioimpedance and functionality data was assessed using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Independent t-tests were performed for the quantitative variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means of the variables. Multiple linear regression analyzes were performed to estimate the mean 6MWTfor each of the variables studied. Results: The average age of the elderly women was 67 (± 8.0) years, 41% practiced physical activity, 38% had at least an elementary school education, 48% received up to two minimum wages and 91% were obese according to waist circumference (WC). The prevalence rates for the presence of sarcopenia were: 5% for sarcopenic obesity (SO), 63% for obesity, 14% for sarcopenia and 18% had adequate weight. Elderly women who practiced physical activity, had at least an elementary education and who were non-obese according to WC, performed better in the 6MWT. There were no significant differences in the 6MWTbased on income or Body Mass Index (p>0.05). Non-obese and non-sarcopenic women walked further in the functional test than the other women (p = 0.021). Conclusion: SO was present in 5% of the elderly women and is related to poor physical performance, which was also present in elderly women with sarcopenia and obesity.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Risk Factors for Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Pérez-Ros ◽  
Rafael Vila-Candel ◽  
Lourdes López-Hernández ◽  
Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship that frailty has with nutritional status and functional risk factors in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study in community-dwelling older people, independent for walking and without impaired cognition. Frailty was assessed by Fried criteria. Nutritional status was analyzed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), biochemical markers (albumin, total proteins, cholesterol, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin); and anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage, handgrip, and perimeters). A comprehensive geriatric assessment analyzed other risk factors: functionality, cognition, falls, comorbidity, polypharmacy, physical activity, and quality of life (QoL). Results: We included 564 elderly people with a mean age of 76.05 (standard deviation 3.97) years; 63.1% (n = 356) were women, and 83.9% (n = 473) were prefrail, and frail. The sample presented high functionality and a nutritional status with a predominance of overweight and obesity. Factors associated with frailty (R2 = 0.43) were age over 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76, 6.21; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.24, 4.52; p = 0.009), anemia (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.19, 5.02; p = 0.015), falls (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12, 3.25; p = 0.016) and the fear of falling (OR 4.01: 95% CI 1.76, 9.16; p = 0.001). Performing more than 3 weekly hours of physical activity was found to be a protective factor (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15, 0.35; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The relationship between frailty and malnutrition in functionally independent community-dwelling older people is unclear. More studies are needed to know what nutritional markers are related to frailty, cognition, and functionality in order to discriminate the risk factors for community-dwelling older people at risk of malnutrition and dependency.

scholarly journals The relationship between income and nutritional status with the incidence of hypertension in elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Emi Nur Sariyanti ◽  
Diffah Hanim ◽  
Sapja Anantanyu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressure Data ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Blood pressure is a disease that is often found in the elderly. Many studies show that socioeconomic status is closely related to the incidence of hypertension especially in the elderly. In addition, since hypertension is generally associated with being overweight and obese, nutritional status can also be a factor for experiencing hypertension in the elderly.Objective:To analyze the relationship between income and nutritional status with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly.Method: This study used a cross-sectional study design involving 133 elderly respondents in the area of the Klaten Community Health Center. Income data were obtained using the respondents’ basic characteristic questionnaire. Nutritional status was obtained based on anthropometric measurements of body weight and height which were calculated using the Body Mass Index (BMI). While blood pressure data were obtained from Sphygmomanometer measurements. The data obtained were analyzed using the Spearman test with a p-value <0.05. This study was approved by Ethics Commission UniversitasSebelasMaret.Results: The results of this study indicate there is a relationship between income and the incidence of hypertension in the elderly (p=0.046) while the nutritional status has no relationship with the incidence of hypertension (p=0.640).Conclusion: High income has a low risk of the elderly experiencing hypertension, while nutritional status good or not they do not have a risk of hypertension.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 81-84

scholarly journals Functional disability and factors of elderly people with regular physical activity: a cross-sectional study

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliane Augustinho Castro ◽  
◽  
Lucélia Justino Borges ◽  
Giovana Zarpellon Mazo ◽  
Rita Maria dos Santos Puga Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Perception ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Health

Conducting studies in different regions of the country can help to understand which factors are associated with the functional disability of the elderly, considering that this is an important health indicator and may contribute to interventions in this population, aiming to reduce the risk of future dependence, complication or establishment of chronic diseases and morbidities. This study aimed to verify the factors associated with the functional disability of elderly women participating in a physical activity program in Manaus/AM. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 416 elderly women who answered a questionnaire with information on functional disability (dependent variable) and independent variables: age, marital status, monthly income, schooling, retirement, medication use, body mass index, depression symptoms, self-reported illness, and health perception. The overall prevalence of functional disability was 25.7%, which was associated with age ≥80 (OR=2.34, IC95%=1.11-4,94), incomplete primary school (OR=3.22, IC95%=1.24-8.35) and complete primary (OR=3.24, IC95%=1.40-7.50), overweight (OR=2.77, IC95%=1.69-4.54), presence of depression symptoms (OR=4.40, IC95%=1.48-13.07), arthrosis (OR=3.31, IC95%=1.80-5.73), rheumatoid arthritis (OR=2.84, IC95%=1.57-5.15) and negative health perception (OR=3.04, IC95%=1.19-7.78). It was concluded that functional disability was associated with modifiable health factors (scholling, overweight, depression syntoms) ans non modifiable (age, arthritis and arthrosis).

scholarly journals Hubungan Tingkat Kecukupan Zat Gizi Makro, Status Gizi dan Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Kebugaran Atlet Bulutangkis di PB Jaya Raya Ragunan Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Aulya Marthadina Suciana Suciana ◽  
Nazhif Gifari ◽  
Laras Sitoayu ◽  
Rachmanida Nuzrina ◽  
Dudung Angkasa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Relationship

An athlete is required to always maintain his physical fitness. Fitness is one indicator in determining a person's health, especially for an athlete. The fitter a person is, the healthier that person will be. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of macro nutrient adequacy, nutritional status and physical activity on the badminton athletes in PB Jaya Raya club. This study used a quantitative research design with a cross sectional study design and a sample of 32 athletes. Data obtained through online google form, namely data on carbohydrate, protein, fat intake with a 3x24 hour food record, nutritional status with BMI/U and Physical activity using the IPAQ questionnaire sheet. Data analysis used the Spearman Rank Correlation Test. As many as 28 (87.5%) of respondents had insufficient levels of carbohydrate adequacy, and as many as 31 (96.9%) of respondents had a higher level of protein sufficiency as well as an adequate level of fat 31 (96.9%) of respondents had sufficient levels of sufficiency of excess fat. It is known that 19 (59.4%) respondents have a moderate level of physical activity. And it is known that as many as 25 (78.1%) respondents are fit. There was no significant relationship between all research variables (p≥0,05). The conclusion of this study shows that there is no relationship between the level of carbohydrate adequacy, protein adequacy level, fat adequacy level, nutritional status and physical activity on athletes fitness (p≥0,05). There is no significant relationship between the adequacy level of macro nutrients, nutritional status and physical activity on the fitness of badminton athletes. Abstrak   Seorang atlet dituntut untuk selalu menjaga kebugaran jasmaninya. Kebugaran adalah salah satu indikator untuk menentukan derajat kesehatan seseorang, terutama untuk seorang atlet. Semakin bugar seseorang maka semakin sehat juga orang tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi makro, status gizi dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kebugaran pada atlet bulutangkis yang berada di klub PB Jaya Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dan sampel berjumlah 32 atlet. Data diperoleh melalui online google form yaitu data asupan karbohidrat, protein, lemak dengan food record 3x24 jam, status gizi dengan IMT/U dan aktivitas fisik dengan lembar kuesioner IPAQ. Analisis data menggunakan uji Korelasi Rank Spearman. Sebanyak 28 (87,5%) responden memiliki tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat yang kurang, serta sebanyak  31 (96,9%) responden memiliki tingkat kecukupan protein yang lebih begitu pun dengan tingkat kecukupan lemak 31 (96,9%) responden memiliki tingkat kecukupan lemak yang berlebih. Diketahui sebanyak 19 (59,4%) responden memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik sedang. Serta diketahui bahwa sebanyak 25 (78,1%) responden bugar. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan pada seluruh variabel penelitian (p≥0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya hubungan antara tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat, tingkat kecukupan protein, tingkat kecukupan lemak, status gizi dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kebugaran atlet (p ≥ 0,05). Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat kecukupan zat gizi makro, status gizi dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kebugaran atlet bulutangkis.

scholarly journals Socio-demography, nutritional status and physical activity among elderly in Samarahan division, Sarawak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Mohd Fakhree Bin Saad ◽  
Cheah Whye Lian ◽  
Helmy Hazmi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Linear Regressions

The physical activity among elderly has been associated with reduction of risk from all-cause mortality and improve physical, mental, and social well-being. The objectives were to determine the physical activity status among elderly in Samarahan Division, Sarawak and its association with socio- demographic characteristics and nutritional status. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 199 elderly, aged between 60 to 90 years, from rural area in Samarahan Division (Asajaya and Simunjan district), Malaysia. Socio-demographic characteristic was taken via questionnaire, nutritional status and body composition of the elderly was measured using anthropometric measurement, and physical activity using pedometer. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26. The proportion of physically active among elderly was 12.6% and mean daily steps are 3946 steps (SD=1669 steps). Multiple linear regressions revealed that age, body mass index (BMI), and sex were significant associated with physical activity. Lack of physical activity among elderly remain a problem. Understanding these predictors related to physical activity is important for designing intervention program.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Physical Activities and Cognitive Function in The Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Wisoedhanie Widi Anugrahanti ◽  
Romaden Marbun ◽  
Nadia Oktiffany Putri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Physical activity is a factor that can inhibit cognitive decrease in the elderly. One of the preventive actions that can be done by the elderly in slowing down the decrease of cognitive function is to increase physical activity. Physical activity is thought to stimulate nerve growth which might inhibit cognitive decrease in the elderly. When doing physical activity, the brain will be stimulated so that it will increase the Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor which plays a role in keeping nerve cells fit and healthy. Based on the explanation, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly. This study was a quantitative study with a categorical correlative analytic method. The study used cross sectional study design. The chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression test were used for data analysis. The results of this study stated that the overall physical activities which were exercise, mild activity, heavy activity, use of stairs and participate in social activities showed a significant relationship to cognitive function. Participating in social activities and mild activity were the most significant physical activities that showed relationship to cognitive function, with p-value = 0.001 < 0.05. In conclusion, the findings highlight that the choice of appropriate physical activity can help to maintain cognitive function in the elderly. Keywords: physical activity, cognitive function, elderly

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI LANSIA DI DESA TANJUNG ANOM WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANCUR BATU KABUPATEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Endang Junita Sinaga ◽  
Hotmarina Lumba Gaol
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
The Individual

Elderly is the life stage of the individual, this phase of this life must be passed by every individual, health conditions at this stage is largely determined by the quality and quantity of nutrient intake. In addition to nutritional intake such as energy and protein intake, physical activity can also contribute to the state of nutritional status of the elderly. Pancur Batu Puskesmas Goals : Deli Serdang has posyandu elderly in every rural area working area of puskesmas. One of them is an elderly service posyandu unit in Tanjung Anom Village. This study aims to see the factors that affect the nutritional status of elderly in posyandu elderly village tanjum anom. Method : The research design used is cross sectional study approach. This study has a sample of 38 people, by way of taking purposive sampling. The tools used in data collection are questionnaire and Food Frequency Quetionnaire (FFQ). Results : The results showed that the majority of women (68.5%), unfulfilled protein intake 55.3%, 50% unmet energy intake, and physical activity 73.7%. The results showed that protein intake and physical activity factors were associated with nutritional status of the elderly, as evidenced by p = 0,004 and 0,003. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study was that low intake of protein and energy led to nutritional status of the elderly. It is recommended that family members living with the elderly can balance the intake of protein and energy that is tailored to the type of physical activity of the elderly everyday.

scholarly journals THE CORELATION BETWEEN GRIP MUSCLES’ STRENTGH AND A LEVEL OF FUNCTIONAL ABILITY AMONG THE ELDERLY WOMEN IN TISTA KERAMBITAN, TABANAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Ni Komang Dewi Semariasih ◽  
Ni Luh Nopi Andayani ◽  
I Made Muliarta
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

The aging process affects the skeletal muscle structure and disability of the musculoskeletal system which resulted in limited and slowed motion. One characteristic of the aging process is a decrease in muscle strength. Muscle strength affects almost all daily activity. Decreased muscle strength can lead to limitations in daily activities, independence and quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between handgrip muscles’ strength and level of functional ability among elderly women in Tista, Kerambitan Tabanan. To assess the strength of the relationship and assess the direction of the relationship between the variables. The research design was used cross sectional study with Simple Random Sampling and got 73 samples. The strength of handgrip muscles was measured using Hand-grip dynamometer, while the functional independence level was assessed by Intermediate Activity Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire interview. Result of research by using Spearman correlation test got value P = 0,000 (P <0,05) and Coefficient correlation value equal to 0,489 indicate that there is a significant correlation between handgrip muscles’ strength with functional ability independence level, this relation is positive and medium. In conculsion that handgrip muscles’s strength and level of  functional ability are positively correlated and medium. The stronger the muscle strength of the handgrip, the higher the level of functional ability independence and vice versa. Therefore, handgrip muscle’s strength can be used in identifying disabilities in the elderly. Keywords: elderly, handgrip muscles’ strength, functional capabilities, disability.

scholarly journals The Association Between Physical Activity with Nutritional Status of Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Medan City

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Erni Rukmana ◽  
Tyas Permatasari ◽  
Esi Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Maintain Body Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Background; nutritional status is a condition in which a person's body is healthy or not, which can be seen anthropometrically, biochemically, physically, and dietary intake. The state of excess intake and inadequate activity will lead to excess body weight. During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity decreased among adolescents, so there is a risk of being overweight. Objectives; to analyze the relationship between activity and nutritional status in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Medan City. Material and Method; analytical survey with cross-sectional study approach. This research was conducted by collecting data online in Medan City. The sample of this study was adolescents with a random sampling of 99 samples. Results; This study shows that there is a association between physical activity and nutritional status in adolescents with p-value (0,008). Conclusion; physical activity is needed to maintain body weight during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals POS1465-HPR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND SLEEP IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1017.2-1018
Author(s):  
N. Kelly ◽  
E. Hawkins ◽  
H. O’leary ◽  
K. Quinn ◽  
G. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory condition that affects 0.5% of the adult population worldwide (1). Sedentary behavior (SB) is any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 METs (metabolic equivalent) and a sitting or reclining posture, e.g. computer use (2) and has a negative impact on health in the RA population (3). Sleep is an important health behavior, but sleep quality is an issue for people living with RA (4, 5). Poor sleep quality is associated with low levels of physical activity in RA (4) however the association between SB and sleep in people who have RA has not been examined previously.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SB and sleep in people who have RA.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients were recruited from rheumatology clinics in a large acute public hospital serving a mix of urban and rural populations. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of RA by a rheumatologist according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria age ≥ 18 and ≤ 80 years; ability to mobilize independently or aided by a stick; and to understand written and spoken English. Demographic data on age, gender, disease duration and medication were recorded. Pain and fatigue were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SB was measured using the ActivPAL4™ activity monitor, over a 7-day wear period. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe participant characteristics. Relationships between clinical characteristics and SB were examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and regression analyses.Results:N=76 participants enrolled in the study with valid data provided by N=72 participants. Mean age of participants was 61.5years (SD10.6) and the majority 63% (n = 47) were female. Participant mean disease duration was 17.8years (SD10.9). Mean SB time was 533.7 (SD100.1) minutes (8.9 hours per day/59.9% of waking hours). Mean sleep quality score was 7.2 (SD5.0) (Table 1). Correlation analysis and regression analysis found no significant correlation between sleep quality and SB variables. Regression analysis demonstrated positive statistical associations for SB time and body mass index (p-value=0.03846, R2 = 0.05143), SB time and pain VAS (p-value=0.009261, R2 = 0.07987), SB time and HADS (p-value = 0.009721, R2 = 0.08097) and SB time and HADSD (p-value = 0.01932, R2 = 0.0643).Conclusion:We found high levels of sedentary behavior and poor sleep quality in people who have RA, however no statistically significant relationship was found in this study. Future research should further explore the complex associations between sedentary behavior and sleep quality in people who have RA.References:[1]Carmona L, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010;24:733–745.[2]Anon. Letter to the editor: standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab = Physiol Appl Nutr Metab 2012;37:540–542.[3]Fenton, S.A.M. et al. Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased long-term cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis independently of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18, 131 (2017).[4]McKenna S, et al. Sleep and physical activity: a cross-sectional objective profile of people with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2018 May;38(5):845-853.[5]Grabovac, I., et al. 2018. Sleep quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and associations with pain, disability, disease duration, and activity. Journal of clinical medicine, 7(10)336.Table 1.Sleep quality in people who have RASleep variableBed Time N(%) before 10pm13(18%) 10pm-12pm43 (60%) after 12pm16 (22%)Hours Sleep mean(SD)6.56 (1.54)Fall Asleep minutes mean(SD)33.3(27.7)Night Waking N(%)45(63%)Self-Rate Sleep mean(SD)2.74 (0.90)Hours Sleep mean(SD)6.56 (1.54)Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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