scholarly journals An exogenous cytokinin supply in the ornamental fern Asplenium nidus L. induces an unusual post-transplant biomass accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Alberto Pagani ◽  
Danilo Carnelos ◽  
Jorge Molinari ◽  
Ernesto Giardina ◽  
Adalberto Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Asplenium Nidus

Abstract Ferns are ornamental plants with a low relative growth rate and long production cycles, which are grown at small pot volumes to optimize the commercial space for sale. However, the root restriction effects under this plant management can limit biomass accumulation and frond area. Since an exogenous spray with cytokinin (6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP)) has been suggested as a tool to override the root restriction in plants grown in pots, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different BAP doses (5, 50, 100 or 200 mg L-1) once (7 days after transplant), twice (7 and 30 days after transplant) or three times (7, 30, and 60 days after transplant), on plant growth and frond area development in spore-propagated Asplenium nidus fern plants grown in pots. Both increasing the BAP doses and number of applications led to an unusual response: an excessive decrease in the frond plastochron and a significant increase in the frond number initiated at the apical shoot meristem. This large frond number was not sustained due to the low net photosynthetic rate of the younger fronds and significantly limited outward appearance.

scholarly journals Biomass Accumulation in the Fern Asplenium nidus avis (L) under Root Restriction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Pagani ◽  
J. Molinari ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
A. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Asplenium Nidus

Pot ornamental plant productivity is related to the environmental growth facilities but negatively affected by the pot root restriction syndrome. Most ferns showed a lower relative growth rate and long production cycles (24 months or more) for which growers use small pots to increase yield per unit area of greenhouse. The aim of this work was to analyze growth changes in response to different pot volume in plants of A. nidus avis spore-propagated under the hypothesis that it would play a role as an abiotic stress which decrease commercial productivity. Our results showed that the use of big pots increased fresh and dry weight and frond area (the main aesthetic trait). When growth parameters were performed, a higher the frond appearance rate (RLA), the frond area expansion (RLAE) and the frond thickness (SLA) were found in 1500 cm3 pot as well as the relative growth rate (RGR) and the net assimilation rate. The use of biggest pot for fern cropping stimulated biomass accumulation through a higher capacity to initiate and expand fronds, to increase photosynthetic rates and change photo assimilate partitioning which favor shoots. From the grower´s point of view, our results suggested that higher yields of A. nidus avis fern would be reached decreasing root restriction, that is, to use the biggest pot volume from the early transplant from plug trays.

scholarly journals Impatiens ‘New Guinea’ (Impatiens hawkeri Bull) Hormonal Effects during the Post-transplant Biomass Accumulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1629-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Di Benedetto ◽  
Jorge Molinari ◽  
Pablo Fujinuma ◽  
Alberto Pagani ◽  
Marcela Buyatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Ornamental Foliage Plants ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Impatiens Hawkeri ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Pot ornamental plant productivity is related to the environmental growth facilities but negatively affected by the pot root restriction syndrome so during nursery as the post-transplant stage. The physiological mechanism involved included both the synthesis and translocation of auxins and cytokinins. However, clear sink-source and dose-response relationships of exogenous plant regulators such as indole acetic acid (AIA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) and environment on biomass accumulation in most ornamental foliage plants, including New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) are lacking. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of an exogenously shoot-applied auxin and a cytokinin, separately or successively, on the post-transplant biomass accumulation of I. hawkeri through the anatomical, morphological and physiological changes observed. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment included the response to only BAP-sprayed plants (0, 5, 50, or 100 mg L-1). For the second experiment, rooting cuttings of I. hawkeri were sprayed with different concentrations of IAA (0, 5, 50, or 100 mg L-1) followed by different BAP concentrations (0, 5, 50, or 100 mg L-1) one week later to run-off at sunset. Results showed that (a) a single BAP or AIA dose increased increase post-transplant biomass accumulation through a higher leaf area expansion and photo assimilate production, (b) as a result of both AIA and BAP spray, the higher NAR the higher post-transplant biomass accumulation, (c) leaf anatomical changes (leaf thickness, intercellular spaces) let a higher carbon dioxide diffusion and fixation with a correlative increase in photo assimilates, (d) a higher root system would be related to a higher cytokinin synthesis. In summary, similarities between responses to either hormone, together with the lack of any IAA - BAP interaction, provide two independent routes for commercial growers to increase the productivity of I. hawkeri ornamental plants by using early foliar sprays.

scholarly journals Cytokinin-Regulated Physiological Parameters Affected by an Exogenous Dopamine Spray in Brussels Sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera)

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
J. Lozano Miglioli ◽  
G. Fasciglione ◽  
A. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Brussels Sprout ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Root restriction on the first stage of seedling growth decreases post-transplant biomass accumulation. Several studies in different vegetables and ornamental plants have suggested that this restriction would be overcome by means of a single 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) spray. Based on this, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of both pre-transplant single BAP and dopamine (a cytokinin antagonist) sprays on the growth of Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) plants grown in 200 plug cells tray-1, during different times of the annual cropping period. The responses of dopamine-sprayed plants were not completely similar to those previously reported. The different physiological processes studied in dopamine-sprayed plants through some growth parameters showed that dopamine affected mainly the rate of leaf appearance, which in turn positively affected both individual and total leaf area expansion. Dopamine-sprayed plants showed a higher leaf source, which allowed them to accumulate a higher biomass on both a fresh and dry weight basis during the initial vegetative growth stages. The effects of both BAP and dopamine were partially related to the environmental conditions during the experiments.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism Involved in the Response to Four Lettuce Varieties to a Pre-transplant Root Restriction and a 6, benzyl aminopurine (BAP) Spray

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
L. Campolongo ◽  
D. Carnelos ◽  
J. Lozano Miglioli ◽  
P. Fuginuma ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Hormonal Manipulation ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Cell Volumes

Vegetable yield is positively related to the environment and negatively affected by the pot root restriction during both the nursery and post-transplant stages. Root restriction is a physical stress imposed on the root system when plants are grown in small containers, which leads to a pronounced decrease in root and shoot growth at both the transplant and pot stages. Based on the assumption that the plant responses are mainly associated with a negative hormonal signaling from roots, some researchers have proposed that these abiotic stresses may be overridden by using a pre-transplant spray with benzyl amino purine (BAP), a synthetic cytokinin able to regulate plant metabolism. Although the physiological mechanisms induced by BAP have been described, the implementation of commercial applications of BAP for vegetables is still a pending issue. The aim of this work was to analyze growth changes in four lettuce genotypes in the presence of different root restrictions degree by the use of different plug cell volumes but sprayed with a single BAP spray under the hypothesis that it would play a role as abiotic stress alleviators. Our results showed that the higher biomass accumulation in lettuce plants non root-limited and BAP-sprayed ones are supported by higher photosynthetic rates, by higher leaf number initiation and expansion and by photo assimilate partition to shoots. Understanding the plant responses to this hormonal manipulation and the physiological mechanism involved will allow adjusting the agronomic advice for different vegetables and reaching commercial yields to each of them.

scholarly journals PERBAIKAN MEDIA TANAM DENGAN PENGGUNAAN pH METER DAN MOISTURE METER PADA AGRIBISNIS TANAMAN HIAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Agung Prasetyo ◽  
Mahananto ◽  
Setie Harieni ◽  
Achmad Fatchul Aziez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Counseling Training ◽  
Moisture Meter ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Management Techniques

Tujuan utama kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan kesadaran pentingnya wirausaha dan memberikan pemahaman akan pentingnya media tanam terutamanya menyangkut pH, kelembaban dan intensitas cahaya pada tanaman hias. Metode yang dipakai guna mencapai tujuan yang dimaksud adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan media tanam, penggunaan pH meter dan moisture meter. Penanaman bibit baru yang sudah disesuaikan dengan media tanam sesuai syarat hidup masing-masing tanaman hias. Hasil menunjukan bahwa Pelatihan perbaikan media tanam dengan menggunakan pH meter dan moisture meter mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan mitra akan pH tanah, kelembaban tanah dan intensitas cahaya beserta peranannya bagi kehidupan tanaman hias. Mitra dapat memilih dan mencampur masing-masing media tanam yang disesuaikan dengan jenis tanaman yang diusahakan. Pendampingan diperlukan lebih lanjut terutama menyangkut teknik manajemen tanaman hias karena penataan didalam lokasi usaha petani masih bercampur. ABSTRACT The main purpose of this community service activity is to grow and develop an awareness of the importance of entrepreneurship and provide an understanding of the importance of planting media, especially regarding pH, humidity, and light intensity in ornamental plants. The methods used to achieve the intended objectives are counseling, training, and assistance in the planting media, using pH meters and moisture meters. Planting new seeds that have been adapted to the growing media according to the life requirements of each ornamental plant. The results showed that training to improve planting media using a pH meter and moisture meter was able to increase partners' knowledge of soil pH, soil moisture, and light intensity along with their role in the life of ornamental plants. Partners can choose and mix each planting medium according to the type of plant being cultivated. Further assistance is needed, especially regarding ornamental plant management techniques because the arrangement in the farmer's business location is still mixed.

scholarly journals Ornamental plants in Chapecó: market characteristics and opportunities for family farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-355
Author(s):  
Juliane Spier ◽  
Vanessa Neumann Silva ◽  
João Guilherme Dal Belo Leite
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Small Producers

Abstract Floriculture is very lucrative to small producers as it requires small land areas, with usually short production cycles. The region of Santa Catarina West in Brazil has growth potential in the cultivation of ornamental plants, although it is not practically observed, as the productive chain of this sector has little or no organization, making it imperative to study the causes of this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the productive chain, market, and commercialization of ornamental plants in Chapecó-SC. The proposed study was carried out in an integrated manner in Chapecó-SC, through structured interviews with farmers, traders, and consumers of flowers and ornamental plants. The study sample consisted of 45 consumers, 24 producers, and 18 commercial establishments. Only three producers of ornamental plants in Chapecó were identified among the participants interviewed, although 84% believed that the municipality has demand for floriculture products, and only 21% of the interviewees have thought about cultivating ornamental plants. The market and commercialization of flowers and ornamental plants in Chapecó are dependent highly on the supply of products from the state of São Paulo, especially form the region of Holambra. The commercialization is predominantly in supermarket chains, for ease of access to consumers. The primary factor affecting the commercialization of ornamental plants is the price, because a dearth of producers in the region leads to an increase in the price, especially due to the long transportation.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of KNOTTED-Like Homeobox (KNOX) Homologs in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Their Expression Profilings Responding to Exogenous Cytokinin and Gibberellin

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9237
Author(s):  
Siyu Zhang ◽  
Yupeng Pan ◽  
Chengchen Zhi ◽  
Yujie Zheng ◽  
Xi’ao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Cis Element ◽  
Tissue Expression Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Knox Proteins

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable and is cultivated and consumed worldwide for its economic and medicinal values. Garlic cloves, the major reproductive and edible organs, are derived from the axillary meristems. KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) proteins, such as SHOOT MERISTEM-LESS (STM), play important roles in axillary meristem formation and development. However, the KNOX proteins in garlic are still poorly known. Here, 10 AsKNOX genes, scattered on 5 of the 8 chromosomes, were genome-wide identified and characterized based on the newly released garlic genome. The typical conserved domains of KNOX proteins were owned by all these 10 AsKNOX homologs, which were divided into two Classes (Class I and Class II) based on the phylogenetic analysis. Prediction and verification of the subcellular localizations revealed the diverse subcellular localization of these 10 AsKNOX proteins. Cis-element prediction, tissue expression analysis, and expression profilings in responding to exogenous GA3 and 6-BA showed the potential involvement of AsKNOX genes in the gibberellin and cytokinin signaling pathways. Overall, the results of this work provided a better understanding of AsKNOX genes in garlic and laid an important foundation for their further functional studies.

scholarly journals Root-shoot growth and time to transplant of different lettuce genotypes during nursery

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Adalberto Di Benedetto ◽  
Danilo Carnelos ◽  
Jorge Lozano Miglioli ◽  
Pablo Fujinuma ◽  
Ernesto Giardina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Although vegetable nursery growers decide on plug sizes based on the types, production time and schedule of the crops to grow, they usually choose individual small cell sizes because these allow short plant-raising periods and reduced costs. However, larger plugs produce a finished plant after transplant in a shorter period of time than smaller plugs. Nursery growers end the propagation period when roots take up the plug cell and plantlets can be removed from the plug tray without damage. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of three plug-cell sizes and a single BAP application (100 mg L-1) on the shoot and root growth and time to transplant of different lettuce genotypes. Nursery decreased as plug cell volume increased and with the single BAP spray. A novelty result was that the transplant dates were assigned when the marginal root dry weight accumulation decreased, i.e., based on objective rather than on subjective observations. The significant leaf area and dry weight accumulation found could be explained by growth parameters such as the rate of leaf appearance, the relative rate of leaf area expansion, the relative growth rate, the net assimilation rate and the partition coefficient from root: shoot allometries. Highlights Root restriction due to small plugs in transplant trays delay lettuce transplant. Exogenous cytokinin (BAP) overcame root restriction and decreased time to transplant. Time to transplant can be addressed on an objective basis: it were assigned when the marginal root dry weight accumulation decreased.

scholarly journals INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN PAKU (Pteridophyta) DI PERKEBUNAN PT BINA SAINS CEMERLANG KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Wahyuningsih W ◽  
Merti Triyanti ◽  
Sepriyaningsih Sepriyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Asplenium Nidus ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection

This study aims to determine the type of pteridophyta, abiotic factors and the benefits of pteridophyta in PT Bina Sains Cemerlang Plantation, Musi Rawas Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by surveying the research location and then determining the place by using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques with the steps of the methods of observation, documentation, taking pteridophyta and identification. The results of the study of the inventory of pteridophyta at PT Bina Sains Cemerlang Musi Rawas Regency there are 9 families, 19 species, namely Asplenium nidus, Dyplazium pynocarpon, Davallia denticulate, Davallia solida, Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Nephrolepis exisplis, Nephrolepis exis. Stenochlaenae palustris, Gleichenia linearis, Lycopodium cernuum,Diplazium esculentum, Drymoglossum piloselloides, Drynaria quercifolia, Phymatosorus scolopendria, Pteris biaurita, Vazaria esculentum, Drymoglossum piloselloides, Drynaria quercifolia, Phymatosorus scolopendria, Pteris biaurita, Vittaria lineculum, Drymoglossum piloselloides, Drynaria quercifolia, Phymatosorus scolopendria, Pteris biaurita, Vittaria lineate, Drymoglossum piloselloides, Drynaria quercifolia, Phymatosorus scolopendria, Pteris biaurita, Selaginella plenary. Soil moisture 8% -68% and soil pH of 7.08-8.00. Benefits of pteridophyta in PT Bina Sains Cemerlang Plantation, Musi Rawas Regency as ornamental plants and as vegetables.

scholarly journals Resíduo líquido de laticínio como fertilizante para o capim Mombaça

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Perlon Maia Santos ◽  
José Expedito Cavalcante Silva ◽  
Antonio Clementino Santos ◽  
Jose Geraldo Donozetti Santos ◽  
Aridouglas Santos Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Dairy Waste ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Dead Material

The chemical or organic fertilizer can be responsible for the sustainability of pastures, with an alternative of application for the agro-industry subproducts. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dairy waste application on Mombaça grass agronomic characteristics to verify the potential supply of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Six doses of liquid dairy waste corresponding to 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 400 m³ ha-¹ were evaluated in four production cycles. The accumulation of dry forage, leaf blade, stem, dead material, leaf area index, number of tillers, leaf/stem and plant height were evaluated. Increasing levels resulted in the increase of the grass performance. The application of 400 m³ ha-¹ of liquid dairy waste ensures similar productions when compared to the application of P and K through chemical fertilizers, replacing 25% of the phosphorus and 100% of potassium fertilization. The liquid dairy waste can be used as a potassium supplier to Mombaça grass and have a positive residual effect on biomass accumulation.

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