scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ALGODÃO CULTIVADO EM PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO CONCRECIONÁRIO

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-369
Author(s):  
Marcio Nikkel ◽  
Saulo de Oliveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Caixa Postal

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ALGODÃO CULTIVADO EM PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO CONCRECIONÁRIO*   MARCIO NIKKEL1, SAULO DE OLIVEIRA LIMA2   * Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor. 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Rua Badejós, Lote 7, Chácaras 69/72, Zona Rural, CEP 77402-970, Caixa Postal 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brasil, [email protected]. 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Rua Badejós, Lote 7, Chácaras 69/72, Zona Rural, CEP 77402-970, Caixa Postal 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brasil, [email protected].   RESUMO: O centro-norte do Brasil é uma região com forte presença de solo concrecionário, que apesar de apresentar desvantagem do ponto de vista agronômico, não impede sua utilização na agricultura, pecuária ou silvicultura. Mediante a observação de estandes agrícolas com culturas neste tipo de solo, surgiu a hipótese de que concreções de petroplintita interferem negativamente. O objetivo do trabalho foi de verificar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivado em solo com a presença de nódulos de petroplintita e na ausência deles. Plintossolo Pétrico Concrecionário foi coletado na camada 0-0,20 m e parte do solo foi peneirado de modo que concreções maiores de 3,10 mm de diâmetro fossem retiradas, deixando assim dois tratamentos, solo com concreções e sem concreções petroplintita. O algodão cultivado em solo sem petroplintita teve maior crescimento aos 21 e 28 dias após a emergência (DAE), assim como maior taxa de crescimento absoluto. Médias de área foliar também foram maiores no algodão cultivado em solo sem petroplintita, 94,36 cm2, ao passo que plantas de algodão cultivadas em solo com petroplintita tiveram média de 46,80 cm2. Assim sendo, conclui-se que concreções de petroplintita interferem no desenvolvimento e crescimento do algodoeiro.    Palavras-chave: concreções, petroplintita, culturas anuais, restrição radicular, manejo do solo.   COTTON INITIAL GROWTH CULTIVATED IN CONCRETIONARY PETRIC PLINTHOSOL   ABSTRACT: The central-north of Brazil is a region with strong presence of concretionary soil, which, despite presenting disadvantages from the agronomic point of view, do not prevent their use in agriculture, livestock or forestry. Due to the observation of agricultural stands with crops in this type of soil, is hypothesized that plinthite ironstones concretions in the soil interfere negatively. The objective was to verify the growth and development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivated in soil with the presence of plinthite ironstones and in the absence of them. Concretionary Petric Plinthosol were collected in the 0-0,20 m layer and part of the soil was sieved so that concretions larger than 3.10 mm in diameter were removed, thus leaving two treatments, soil with and without plinthite ironstones. Cotton grown in soil without ironstones showed higher growth at 21 and 28 days after emergence (DAE) as well in the absolute growth rate. Means of leaf area were bigger on cotton cultivated soil without ironstone, 94,36 cm2, while cotton growth in soil with ironstone showed means 46,80 cm2. Therefore, it is concluded that plinthite ironstones concretions interfere in the development and growth of cotton crops.   Keywords: concretions, plinthite ironstones, annual crops, root restriction, soil management.

Growth and Development of Bulbous Oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatiusvar.bulbosum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Tanphiphat ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Absolute Growth

Bulbous oatgrass, a weed in parts of the United States and Europe, is an unusual grass, which forms corms at the stem base. Growth and development of this creeping perennial grass was investigated in the field and in pots outdoors. Under the mild climate of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, shoots emerged in early autumn. Plants grew vegetatively and formed corms during the winter and spring. Aboveground portions of the plant stopped growing and senesced in the summer. The absolute growth rate of the plants was highest in early May, shortly before the onset of flowering. In early May, the growth rate of corms was higher than that of the shoot.

scholarly journals Crescimento e desenvolvimento de língua-de-vaca

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Wilian Jochem ◽  
Regina Pasinatto Visentin ◽  
Beatriz Nogatz ◽  
Gabriel Dalla Costa ◽  
Jaqueline Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Annual Crops

Broad-leaved dock is a perennial weed, which infests mainly pastures, annual crops and perennials in the Southern of Brazil. Because it is a perennial plant, control becomes more difficult due to regrowth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and development characteristics of cow-tongue plants in a non-competitive environment. The objective of this work was to monitor phenology and to evaluate the growth and development characteristics of broad-leaved dock plants in the non-competitive environment. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, after the seeds germinated in the BOD chamber, the seedlings were transplanted to pots filled with Cambisol Haplic. Destructive analyzes were performed at 0, 33, 94, 124, 156, 186 and 215 days after transplanting (DAT). The plants were collected separating the aerial part of the root system and the inflorescence, each part of the plant was taken to the drying oven by forced circulation of air for later determination of the dry mass. It was observed that the broad-leaved dock plants present initial growth rather slow. The total dry mass distribution was 56.8% of the total accumulated in the root system, followed by inflorescence (31.6%) and shoot (11.6%). The average number of seeds produced was 3,406 (± 389) per plant.

Linear and nonlinear behaviour of two-stream instabilities in collisionless plasmas

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. Hou ◽  
M. X. Chen ◽  
M. Y. Yu ◽  
B. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode Analysis ◽  
System Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Oscillations ◽  
Numerical Noise ◽  
Growth Properties

The transient, growth and nonlinear saturation stages in the evolution of the electrostatic two-stream instabilities as described by the Vlasov–Poisson system are reconsidered by numerically following the evolution of the total wave energy of the plasma oscillations excited from (numerical) noise. Except for peculiarities related to the necessarily finite (even though very small) magnitude of the perturbations in the numerical simulation, the existence and initial growth properties of the instabilities from the numerical results are found to be consistent with those from linear normal mode analysis and the Penrose criteria. However, contradictory to the traditional point of view, the growth of instability before saturation is not always linear. The initial stage of the growth can exhibit fine structures that can be attributed to the harmonics of the excited plasma oscillations, whose wavelengths are determined by the system size and the numerical noise. As expected, saturation of the unstable oscillations is due to electron trapping when they reach sufficiently large amplitudes.

A comparative study on the nursery culture of hatchery-reared sub-adult cupped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932), in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Premwadee Chueachat ◽  
Woraporn Tarangkoon ◽  
Suwat Tanyaros
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Oyster ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A comparative study on the nursery culture of the spat of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei, in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal was conducted over two months. The results revealed no differences in the absolute growth rate determined by shell width between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). Sub-adult oysters cultured in the mangrove canal showed a higher absolute growth rate in shell length and a higher daily growth rate than the oysters cultured in the earthen pond (P < 0.05). The mean survival rate of sub-adult oysters cultured in the earthen pond (99.8 ± 0.2%) was significantly higher than for those cultured in the mangrove canal (66.7 ± 31.4%). Decreased density from the loss of sub-adult oyster nursery culture in the mangrove canal led to higher growth performance than in the earthen pond. However, no difference was found for the fraction of oysters larger or smaller than 5 cm for the two culture sites (P < 0.05). A significant difference was noted in the Condition Index (CI) between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). The high primary productivity in mangroves is a major supporter of higher CI in sub-adult oysters cultured in mangrove canals versus in earthen ponds. Water exchange in the earthen pond to maintain calcium and magnesium concentrations resulted in no differences in the shell compressibility of sub-adult oysters compared with those cultured in the mangrove canal.

scholarly journals Initial growth and development of southern sandbur based on thermal units

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C.R. Machado ◽  
R.S.O. Lima ◽  
A.P.P. Silva ◽  
B.S. Marques ◽  
M.F. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Best Fit

Availability of basic information on weed biology is an essential tool for designing integrated management programs for agricultural systems. Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth and development of the species to accumulated thermal units (growing degree days - GDD). For that purpose, experimental populations were sown six times in summer/autumn conditions (decreasing photoperiod) and six times in winter/spring condition (increasing photoperiod). Southern sandbur phenological evaluations were carried out, on alternate days, and total dry matter was measured when plants reached the flowering stage. All the growth and development fits were performed based on thermal units by assessing five base temperatures, as well as the absence of it. Southern sandbur development was best fit with Tb = 12 ºC, with equation y = 0,0993x, where y is the scale of phenological stage and x is the GDD. On average, flowering was reached at 518 GDD. Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod.

scholarly journals Growth and vegetative development of soybean plants in soil type Concrectionary Petric Plinthosol

2019 ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Marcio Nikkel ◽  
Saulo De Oliveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Soybean Plants

The central-north of Brazil is a region with strong presence of concrectionary soil, whose supposed disadvantages from the agronomic point of view, do not prevent their use in agriculture. However, more in-depth information about the behavior of crops of agricultural interest cultivated in this type of soil is few. Due to the observation of agricultural stands in this type of soil, it was hypothesized that plinthite ironstones concretions negatively interfere in the development of crops of agro-economic interest. The objective was to verify the growth and development of soybean cultivated in soil with the presence and absence of plinthite ironstones. Concretionary Petric Plinthosol were collected in the 0-0,20 m layer and part of the soil was sieved so that concretions larger than 3.10 mm in diameter were removed, thus leaving two treatments, soil with and without plinthite ironstones. Morphological evaluations were performed during their phenological phase. Soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed higher growth at 32 and 48 DAE and more leaflets when compared to soy crop grown in soil with ironstones. As for dry matter, soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed more values for aerial, root and total mass as well for aerial root rate when compared to soybean grown in soil with ironstones. Plinthite ironstones interfere with the growth and/or vegetative development of soybeans. Soybean has less vegetative development when grown in soil with plinthite ironstone concretions.

scholarly journals Soil preparation and NPK fertilization in the planting of five Atlantic Rainforest species in a clay extraction area

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e36
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Braido Pinheiro ◽  
Adriele Dos Santos Jardim ◽  
João Vitor Garcia Silva ◽  
Adriano Alves Fernandes ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Extraction Area ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The occurrence of degraded areas worldwide grows each year and measures must be taken to mitigate degradation and to recover these areas. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soil preparation and NPK levels on the growth of five native species of the Atlantic Rainforest in clay extraction area. The experimental design was randomized block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replications. Subsoiling and scarification soil preparation represented main plots.  Doses of NPK 04-14-08: 0; 40; 80;160; and 320 g pit-1 represented subplots and Atlantic Rainforest native species represented sub-subplots. Absolute growth rate, stem diameter and number of leaves were evaluated, 210 days after planting. The type of soil preparation did not influence the development of the species. The best dose for Dalbergia ecastaphyllum, Inga laurina, Protium heptaphyllum and Psidium cattleyanum were 176.49, 150.18, 199.25 and 166.48 g pit-1 of NPK, respectively. Schinus terebinthifolius was highly responsive to planting fertilization, being recommended 320 g pit-1 of NPK. All species are indicated for area recovery.

Latitude and Relative Growth in the Razor Clam, Siliqua Patula

1931 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-249
Author(s):  
F. W. WEYMOUTH ◽  
H. C. McMILLIN ◽  
WILLIS H. RICH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Absolute Growth

1. The present paper is a study of the growth of a clam (Siliqua patula) under natural conditions and over a wide range of latitude. 2. Various constants derived from the growth data are compared for the different localities. For this species, over the range considered, growth in the southern localities as compared with the northern is initially more rapid but less sustained, leads to a smaller total length and is associated with a shorter life span. 3. Reasons are presented for considering the relative growth-rate as a particularly significant constant leading to more sound biological conclusions than the use of the absolute growth-rate. 4. On the basis of the relative growth-rate, current mathematical expressions for the course of growth are discussed and a formula used which emphasises Minot's conception of a growth-rate constantly declining with age. This expression L = Be-ce-ce-kt, in which L = length at time t, e = base of natural logarithms, and B, c and k are constants, is found to graduate the extensive data in clam growth with significant accuracy.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Potential of the Crude Extract and Leaf Fractions of Machaerium hirtum on the Initial Growth of Euphorbia heterophylla And Ipomoea grandifolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. XIMENEZ ◽  
S.M.O. SANTIN ◽  
M.C. IGNOATO ◽  
L.A. SOUZA ◽  
L.H. PASTORINI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Know How ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
Root Necrosis

ABSTRACT: Allelopathy is the term used to define any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants and microorganisms that influence growth and development of agrobiological systems. Currently, it is sought to find allelochemicals of interest and know how to apply them in bio-herbicides to combat weeds. In this study, the effects of the crude leaf extract and fractions of Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld were analyzed on Euphorbia heterophylla L. (wild poinsettia) and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell (morning glory), as well as the occurrence of morphoanatomical changes. For this, 0.04 g of the crude extract and fractions were solubilized and diluted (50 mL) to concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g L-1 (m/v). Initial growth tests were performed on Petri dishes containing two paper sheets and seedlings of weed species with the respective treatments, being maintained in a germination chamber for 48 hours at 25 oC. Distilled water was used as a control. Shoot and root length was assessed in the initial growth. The percentage of inhibition was calculated based on the values obtained in the initial growth bioassays. Morphologically altered wild poinsettia seedlings were fixed and sectioned transversely for anatomical analysis. The results indicated significant changes in length, being wild poinsettia seedlings more sensitive when compared to those of morning glory. Morphologically altered seedlings presented root necrosis as the most frequent symptom. Anatomically, parenchymatic cells of the hypocotyl and roots of wild poinsettia seedlings presented smaller and irregularly shaped cells when compared to the control, causing significant reductions in the measured parameters.

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