scholarly journals Microperimetry in Children’s Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-814
Author(s):  
R. R. Khubieva
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Potential

Child health is a global health priority. The program “Elimination of Eliminable Blindness in the World of Vision-2020” gives the fourth place to the problems of pediatric ophthalmopathology and creates targeted programs for their elimination. The introduction of modern equipment in the clinical practice of pediatric ophthalmologists has expanded the boundaries of traditional diagnostics. Microperimetry is an innovative, quantitative, non-invasive diagnostic study aimed at assessing the functional ability of the retina in strict correlation with morphology. Along with the assessment of light sensitivity, the device allows you to measure fixation parameters, which serves as a reliable criterion for its stability and indirectly reflects the functional organization of central vision. In this regard, the literature review presents the results of domestic and foreign researchers who used microperimetric testing as the main or additional research method for diseases of various etiologies, such as hereditary retinal diseases, amblyopia, and nystagmus. Most authors have demonstrated the high diagnostic significance of this method, the ability to assess photosensitivity of the retina, the detection of fixation disorders, such as eccentricity and instability, even in pediatric patients. The use of microperimetry as a new method of treatment for these diseases has also been shown. Visual rehabilitation based on biofeedback provided by this device has shown high efficiency in diseases of the central region. More research remains to be done to determine future potential applications of this technology, in particular in pediatric practice, and to develop the potential of microperimetry as a tool for the visual rehabilitation of patients.

New Biocomposites for Lightweight Structures and their Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Amine Ouali ◽  
Roman Rinberg ◽  
Wolfgang Nendel ◽  
Lothar Kroll ◽  
Anne Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Efficient Manufacturing

The development of new biocomposites and efficient manufacturing methods that are suitable for series processing is the purpose of the current sub-project C4 of the Excellence Cluster MERGE, sponsored by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Two different types of materials are combined: bio-based thermoplastic polymers such as bio-polyethylenes or bio-polyamides and renewable reinforcing materials such as thin wood veneer or unidirectional flax fibers. To achieve a high-efficiency in terms of mass-production, reproducibility and flexibility, it is required to perform several steps in the realization of semi-finished and final products. The improvement of the adhesion at the interface of the components, the implementation of continuous processes, in order to increase energetically the yielding, and the final design, through several methods, for future potential applications are so many perspectives to achieve.

scholarly journals The grades and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and weighing sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supakorn Harnsoongnoen ◽  
Nuananong Jaroensuk
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Egg Freshness

AbstractThe water displacement and flotation are two of the most accurate and rapid methods for grading and assessing freshness of agricultural products based on density determination. However, these techniques are still not suitable for use in agricultural inspections of products such as eggs that absorb water which can be considered intrusive or destructive and can affect the result of measurements. Here we present a novel proposal for a method of non-destructive, non-invasive, low cost, simple and real—time monitoring of the grading and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and a weighing sensor. This is the first proposal that divides egg freshness into intervals through density measurements. The machine vision system was developed for the measurement of external physical characteristics (length and breadth) of eggs for evaluating their volume. The weighing system was developed for the measurement of the weight of the egg. Egg weight and volume were used to calculate density for grading and egg freshness assessment. The proposed system could measure the weight, volume and density with an accuracy of 99.88%, 98.26% and 99.02%, respectively. The results showed that the weight and freshness of eggs stored at room temperature decreased with storage time. The relationship between density and percentage of freshness was linear for the all sizes of eggs, the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9982, 0.9999, 0.9996, 0.9996 and 0.9994 for classified egg size classified 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This study shows that egg freshness can be determined through density without using water to test for water displacement or egg flotation which has future potential as a measuring system important for the poultry industry.

scholarly journals An engineered membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase with light-switchable activity

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehui Tian ◽  
Georg Nagel ◽  
Shiqiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Cgmp Level ◽  
Volvox Carteri ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cgmp Signaling ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Light Flashes

Abstract Background Microbial rhodopsins vary in their chemical properties, from light sensitive ion transport to different enzymatic activities. Recently, a novel family of two-component Cyclase (rhod)opsins (2c-Cyclop) from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri was characterized, revealing a light-inhibited guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity. More genes similar to 2c-Cyclop exist in algal genomes, but their molecular and physiological functions remained uncharacterized. Results Chlamyopsin-5 (Cop5) from C. reinhardtii is related to Cr2c-Cyclop1 (Cop6) and can be expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, but shows no GC activity. Here, we exchanged parts of Cop5 with the corresponding ones of Cr2c-Cyclop1. When exchanging the opsin part of Cr2c-Cyclop1 with that of Cop5, we obtained a bi-stable guanylyl cyclase (switch-Cyclop1) whose activity can be switched by short light flashes. The GC activity of switch-Cyclop1 is increased for hours by a short 380 nm illumination and switched off (20-fold decreased) by blue or green light. switch-Cyclop1 is very light-sensitive and can half-maximally be activated by ~ 150 photons/nm2 of 380 nm (~ 73 J/m2) or inhibited by ~ 40 photons/nm2 of 473 nm (~ 18 J/m2). Conclusions This engineered guanylyl cyclase is the first light-switchable enzyme for cGMP level regulation. Light-regulated cGMP production with high light-sensitivity is a promising technique for the non-invasive investigation of the effects of cGMP signaling in many different tissues.

Sub-half-wavelength atom localization via two standing waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Interference ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Phase Gate ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Excited State Population ◽  
Atom Localization

We present a simple scheme of high-efficiency one-dimensional (1D) atom localization via manipulation of excited state population in a four-level inverted-Y atomic system. Because of the joint quantum interference induced by the two standing-wave fields, the 100% detecting probability of the atom in the subwavelength domain appears when the corresponding conditions are satisfied. The proposed scheme may open a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency 1D atom localization, which provides some potential applications to spatially selective single-qubit phase gate, entangling gates, and quantum error correction for quantum information processing.

Sintering and Hot-Pressing of Ti2AlC Obtained by SHS Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Chlubny ◽  
Jerzy Lis ◽  
Mirosław M. Bućko
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Max Phases ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Xrd Method

Some of ternary materials in the Ti-Al-C system are called MAX-phases and are characterised by heterodesmic layer structure. Their specific structure consisting of covalent and metallic chemical bonds influence its semi-ductile features locating them on the boundary between metals and ceramics, which may lead to many potential applications, for example as a part of a ceramic armour. Ti2AlC is one of this nanolaminate materials. Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) was applied to obtain sinterable powders of Ti2AlC Utilization of heat produced in exothermal reaction in adiabatic conditions to sustain process until all substrates are transformed into product is one of the advantages of the method that result in low energy consumption and low cost combined with high efficiency. Different substrates were used to produce fine powders of ternary material. Phase compositions of obtained powder were examined by XRD method. Than selected powders were used for sintering in various temperature both in a presureless sintering and hot-pressing in argon atmosphere. Properties and phase composition of obtained products were examined.

The electronic applications of stable diradicaloids: present and future

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 11232-11242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Hu ◽  
Wenxiang Wang ◽  
Dongsheng Wang ◽  
Yonghao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Linear Optics ◽  
Non Linear Optics ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Organic Batteries

Diradicaloids are promising materials for organic electronics and nonlinear optics due to their unique optical, electronic and magnetic properties. High performance organic field-effect transistor and photodetector based on diradicaloids have been achieved. Future potential applications in organic batteries, memory, logic gates and non-linear optics are expected.

scholarly journals Detection of Clinical Mesenchymal Cancer Cells from Bladder Wash Urine for Real-Time Detection and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Luan Khoo ◽  
Charlotte Bouquerel ◽  
Pradeep Durai ◽  
Sarannya Anil ◽  
Benjamin Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Stream Line ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Real Time Detection

Bladder cancer (BC) is a disease that requires lifelong surveillance due to its high recurrence rate. An efficient method for the non-invasive rapid monitoring of patient prognosis and downstream phenotype characterization is warranted. Here, we develop an integrated procedure to detect aggressive mesenchymal exfoliated bladder cancer cells (EBCCs) from patients in a label-free manner. Using a combination of filtration and inertial focusing principles, the procedure allowed the focusing of EBCCs in a single stream-line for high-throughput separation from other urine components such as large squamous cells and blood cells using a microfluidic sorting device. Characterization of enriched cells can be completed within hours, suggesting a potential utility for real-time detection. We also demonstrate high efficiency of cancer cell recovery (93.3 ± 4.8%) and specific retrieval of various epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype cell fractions from respective outlets of the microfluidic device. EMT is closely associated with metastasis, drug resistance and tumor-initiating potential. This procedure is validated with clinical samples, and further demonstrate the efficacy of bladder wash procedure to reduce EBCCs counts over time. Overall, the uniqueness of a rapid and non-invasive method permitting the separation of different EMT phenotypes shows high potential for clinical utility. We expect this approach will better facilitate the routine screening procedure in BC and greatly enhance personalized treatment.

Tailored 3D printed micro-crystallization chip for versatile and high-efficiency droplet evaporative crystallization

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Han ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Gaohong He ◽  
Meng Lin ◽  
Wu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Evaporative Crystallization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Printed

Droplet evaporative crystallization on a micro-structured platform with limited interfacial area has potential applications in crystallization theory, bioengineering, and particle drug preparation.

scholarly journals Microfluidics in male reproduction: is ex vivo culture of primate testis tissue a future strategy for ART or toxicology research?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Bastien Venzac ◽  
Thomas Burgers ◽  
Séverine Le Gac ◽  
Stefan Schlatt
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Bio Engineering

Abstract The significant rise in male infertility disorders over the years has led to extensive research efforts to recapitulate the process of male gametogenesis in vitro and to identify essential mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis, notably for clinical applications. A promising technology to bridge this research gap is organ-on-chip (OoC) technology, which has gradually transformed the research landscape in ART and offers new opportunities to develop advanced in vitro culture systems. With exquisite control on a cell or tissue microenvironment, customized organ-specific structures can be fabricated in in vitro OoC platforms, which can also simulate the effect of in vivo vascularization. Dynamic cultures using microfluidic devices enable us to create stimulatory effect and non-stimulatory culture conditions. Noteworthy is that recent studies demonstrated the potential of continuous perfusion in OoC systems using ex vivo mouse testis tissues. Here we review the existing literature and potential applications of such OoC systems for male reproduction in combination with novel bio-engineering and analytical tools. We first introduce OoC technology and highlight the opportunities offered in reproductive biology in general. In the subsequent section, we discuss the complex structural and functional organization of the testis and the role of the vasculature-associated testicular niche and fluid dynamics in modulating testis function. Next, we review significant technological breakthroughs in achieving in vitro spermatogenesis in various species and discuss the evidence from microfluidics-based testes culture studies in mouse. Lastly, we discuss a roadmap for the potential applications of the proposed testis-on-chip culture system in the field of primate male infertility, ART and reproductive toxicology.

scholarly journals The Development of Functional Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patil ◽  
Gao ◽  
Lin ◽  
Li ◽  
Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Cationic Lipids ◽  
Gene Vectors ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Gene therapy is manipulation in/of gene expression in specific cells/tissue to treat diseases. This manipulation is carried out by introducing exogenous nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, into the cell. Because of their negative charge and considerable larger size, the delivery of these molecules, in general, should be mediated by gene vectors. Non-viral vectors, as promising delivery systems, have received considerable attention due to their low cytotoxicity and non-immunogenicity. As research continued, more and more functional non-viral vectors have emerged. They not only have the ability to deliver a gene into the cells but also have other functions, such as the performance of fluorescence imaging, which aids in monitoring their progress, targeted delivery, and biodegradation. Recently, many reviews related to non-viral vectors, such as polymers and cationic lipids, have been reported. However, there are few reviews regarding functional non-viral vectors. This review summarizes the common functional non-viral vectors developed in the last ten years and their potential applications in the future. The transfection efficiency and the transport mechanism of these materials were also discussed in detail. We hope that this review can help researchers design more new high-efficiency and low-toxicity multifunctional non-viral vectors, and further accelerate the progress of gene therapy.

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