Analysis of Carbon Emission Energy Inventory from Refrigerant Production and Recycling Carbon Compensation

At present, the massive emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides and other greenhouse gases caused by human activities have caused more and more serious negative effects on global climate change. In order to cope with global warming and achieve sustainable development, achieve “carbon neutrality” as soon as possible. In the refrigeration industry, it is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to refrigerants, including the production, use, and recycling of refrigerants. This paper has carried out the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions during the refrigerant preparation process, and compared and analyzed the emission reductions of refrigerant recycling and reuse; the research based on the energy consumption of the refrigerant production process uses the greenhouse gas emission inventory analysis method to Taking refrigerant R134a as an example, the carbon emission accounting boundary of the production process is set, the emission source is determined, the emission is calculated based on the emission factor method, and the emission inventory is established; the carbon offset effect of the recycling and reuse of the refrigerant is analyzed. The research results show that if the entire refrigerant industry fully recycles waste refrigerants, it can reduce carbon emissions by about 29.7% compared to just producing new refrigerants.

Identification of Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Laundry Detergent Packaging

Purpose: The objective of the study was to analyse and evaluate two alternative liquid detergent packaging systems from the point of view of their overall environmental impact. Using the LCA method, we have come to the conclusion that cardboard packaging is an alternative with a lower negative impact on the environment than an HDPE bottle. Methodology/Approach: The study is based on the LCA method implemented through the software openLCA, including available databases. Findings: The environmentally friendlier alternative of the detergent packaging is identified. The decisions about individual stages during LCA must be made with caution and well documented to ensure credibility of the results. Research Limitation/Implication: The findings of the presented study are limited by the available data used for the environmental impact assessment. The inventory analysis was performed for the conditions of the central European region. Originality/Value of paper: This study applies LCA methodology to present the details of a decision process involved in selecting better environmental alternative of the product. The information generated by the study is directly applicable in the industry.

Forest fires and climate-induced tree range shifts in the western US

Due to climate change, plant populations experience environmental conditions to which they are not adapted. Our understanding of the next century’s vegetation geography depends on the distance, direction, and rate at which plant distributions shift in response to a changing climate. In this study we test the sensitivity of tree range shifts (measured as the difference between seedling and mature tree ranges in climate space) to wildfire occurrence, using 74,069 Forest Inventory Analysis plots across nine states in the western United States. Wildfire significantly increased the seedling-only range displacement for 2 of the 8 tree species in which seedling-only plots were displaced from tree-plus-seedling plots in the same direction with and without recent fire. The direction of climatic displacement was consistent with that expected for warmer and drier conditions. The greater seedling-only range displacement observed across burned plots suggests that fire can accelerate climate-related range shifts and that fire and fire management will play a role in the rate of vegetation redistribution in response to climate change.

What Does Economic Evaluation Mean in the Context of Children at the End of Their Life?

The ‘conventional framework’ of economic evaluation, the comparative public sector healthcare costs and quality adjusted life year (QALY) of two or more interventions, has become synonymous with commissioning decisions in many countries. However, while useful as a framework in guiding value-based decisions, it has limited relevance in areas such as end of life care in children and young people, where the costs fall across multiple stakeholders and QALY gains are not the primary outcome. This paper makes the case that the restricted relevance of the ‘conventional framework’ has contributed to the inconsistent and varied provision of care in this setting, and to the knock-on detrimental impact on children nearing the end of their lives as well as their families. We explore the challenges faced by those seeking to conduct economic evaluations in this setting alongside some potential solutions. We conclude that there is no magic bullet approach that will amalgamate the ‘conventional framework’ with the requirements of a meaningful economic evaluation in this setting. However, this does not imply a lack of need for the summation of the costs and outcomes of care able to inform decision makers, and that methods such as impact inventory analysis may facilitate increased flexibility in economic evaluations.

Analisis Persediaan Karton dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) (Studi Kasus: PT. Asegar Murni Jaya, Minahasa Utara)

Karton merupakan salah satu bahan baku pembantu yang digunakan dalam produksi Air Mineral dalam Kemasan. Menurut beberapa penelitian Metode EOQ digunakan untuk menganalisa persediaan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan pengoptimalan biaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan metode EOQ. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 hingga Januari 2020 di perusahaan PT. Asegar Murni Jaya. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu frekuensi kebutuhan karton, biaya pemesanan bahan baku dan biaya penyimpanan bahan baku. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemesanan ekonomis menurut metode EOQ untuk karton dengan biaya optimal sebesar unit untuk periode November 2017 – Oktober 2018 dan unit untuk periode November 2018 – Oktober 2019. Terjadi penghematan dalam biaya persediaan untuk periode November 2017 – Oktober 2018 sebesar dan untuk periode November 2018 – Oktober 2019 sebesar .Kata kunci: Economic Order Quantity; karton; persediaan Carton Inventory Analysis Using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method (Case Study: PT. Asegar Murni Jaya, Minahasa Utara)ABSTRACTCarton is one of the supporting raw materials used in the production of bottled or glass mineral water. Based on some research, for analyzed inventory will be used Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method. The purpose of this research was to determine the amount of economic order using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). This research was conducted in November 2019 until January 2020 at PT. Asegar Murni Jaya. Variables used i.e the frequency of carton demand, ordering cost and holding cost. The results show that it can be seen that economical order according to EOQ method cartons is pcs for November 2017 – October 2018 periode and for November 2018 – October 2019 periode. There were savings in inventory costs for the period November 2017 - October 2018 amounting to and for the period November 2018 - October 2019 amounting to .Keywords : Carton; Economic Order Quantity; inventory

Perencanaan Lanskap untuk Pengembangan Wisata di Gunung Padang, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat

Landscape Planning for Tourism Development in Gunung Padang, Padang City, West Sumatra. Gunung Padang is one of the tourist attractions located in the city of Padang, this area is surrounded by vegetation and animals that live well, so this tourist attraction is included in the protected and preserved tourist areas. It has tourism potential such as tourist attractions, tourist activities, and tourism supporting facilities. Various tourism potentials have not been developed as a whole by the management. Based on this, it is necessary to optimize and provide recommendations in order to be developed. The purpose of this research is to develop landscape planning to support tourism development in Gunung Padang, Padang City, through the stages of preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, and planning aimed at sustainable tourism development. Analysis and synthesis are carried out to produce basic concepts and concepts of tourism development. The final product of this research is the planned tourism development site in Gunung Padang. The division of space is based on the needs and according to the conditions owned by the tourist area in order to support security and comfort in travel activities. The final result of this research is a map of the plan of attractions and tourist activities, as well as a map of the layout plan of tourist facilities in Gunung Padang.

Perencanaan Lanskap Kawasan Pura Dalem Mutering Jagat Kesiman

The Landscape Planning of The Area in The Pura Dalem Mutering Jagat Kesiman. The sanctum area is an area around a temple that needs to be kept sacred within a certain radius within the Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia Central Decree, concerning Bhisama Kesucian Pura. Pura Dalem Mutering Jagat Kesiman (PDMJK) as Khayangan Tiga temple in Denpasar-Bali has a sacred radius area, namely Apenyengker. Some obstacles have interfered with the activities and sanctity of the temple that will need to be overcome, to be able to create a more sanctum area. The primary objective of the research was to plan the ideal sanctum and also to identify the biophysical and socio-cultural aspects. The method used was the survey method by considering the value of abiotic - biotic (biophysical) and culture (socio-cultural). At the same time, the stages were data inventory, analysis, synthesis, basic concepts, concept development, and planning stages. The data analysis and synthesis were carried out from the socio-cultural and biophysical aspects of qualitative descriptive and quantitative spatial by using the MCDA (multicriteria decision analysis) method. From the research results, there was a steep slope of land into a danger signal which concludes that the area needs to be conserved. The poor spatial planning, especially the temporary stall and parking area, was still unorganized. The spatialplanning concept resulted in 3 (three) zones, namely the sacred zone, the conservation buffer zone, and the profane zone. The plan was to use the vegetation concept to vegetate the area with Balinese ceremony plants with conservation value. The idea of circulation was the foundation for the circulation of pedestrians and transportation circulation. The development of the facilities was needed to create new space and support the activities at PDMJK such as park benches, gates, canteen and pedestrians.

Landscape design of Ciliwung Riverbank based on ecological aspect in Pejaten Timur Settlement Area, South Jakarta

Jakarta is a city that has a reasonably dense population and continues to grow every year. The rapid increase in the number of residents has caused a lack of harmony between the need of land for housing and existing land availability. This condition has led to a change in the function of riverbank in the area of settlements which happened in Pejaten Timur, South Jakarta. The existing settlements area on the riverbank caused environmental problems such as river width change and pollution. These conditions caused this area is often flooded every rainy season. Therefore, this research was conducted to design the Ciliwung Riverbank and restoring the function of its riverbank which was supposed to be a green open space. Green open space is designed in the form of an urban community park that can be used as a water catchment area, improving the ecological function of the riverbanks, and as a place to relax for the citizens around the site. The design of the park is carried out by the design process method, these design process included preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, and site design. In the analysis section, the writer determines the potential and site constraints, and then some appropriate site development plans can be produced. The applied concept is called “Eco-relaxing riverside park”, which is an urban park on the riverbank that is environmentally friendly and has the primary function of a place to relax for visitors. The result of the urban community park design is expected to increase the aesthetic and functional value of the Ciliwung Riverbank in Pejaten Timur, South Jakarta. The final result of this research is the site plan, overall perspective, spot perspective, visible section images, detailed drawings, and explanations of the images.