scholarly journals Developing the paradigm of environmental management in agriculture (to the 175-th anniversary of V.V. Dokuchaev)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
V. I. Kiryushin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Club Of Rome

The main stages of the formation of ecological paradigms of environmental management are considered, the fundamental role of V.V. Dokuchaev ideas and the importance of following V.I. Vernadskiy works in their development are shown. The role of scientists of the Club of Rome in the development of the ideology of sustainable development and its controversial perception by the world scientific community is reflected. The analysis of the existing paradigms, in particular of the co-evolutionary paradigm, and its implementation in the theory and practice of adaptive-landscape farming systems is given. The priority tasks for its improvement are defined. Further prospects for its development are considered in the framework of the proposed constructive-biospheric paradigm of environmental management, which implies the creation of a network of agricultural landscapes (agricultural, water, land reclamation, agro-industrial, rural forestry, livestock, residential) in compliance with the ecological status of the territory. The grouping of ecological functions of the landscape and mechanisms of their transformation into socio-economic functions are considered as tools for landscape-ecological planning and design.

The biodiversity values of farming systems and agricultural landscapes

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Lefroy ◽  
F. P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Remnant Vegetation ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Ecological Science ◽  
Regional Conservation

The current effort in Australia to increase the proportion of perennial vegetation in agricultural landscapes to manage dryland salinity presents opportunities to improve the viability of remnant vegetation and its dependant biota. At this intersection of ecology and agriculture, many questions arise concerning interpretations of biodiversity from the perspectives of landowners and conservationists, the conservation priorities in agricultural landscapes, and the role of ecological science in understanding the functional contribution of emerging perennial-plant based farming systems to the viability of the native biota. This paper provides the background for the four papers that follow, presented originally at a workshop at Rutherglen in Victoria in October 2003 to discuss the issue of biodiversity values in agricultural landscapes. It then puts forward an approach to research into the biodiversity value of perennial land use systems based on three principles; understanding regional conservation priorities, appreciating farm scale priorities and constraints from the perspective of the landholder, and identifying response functions to establish the role of revegetation in maintaining the viability of the native biota.

Multi-Criteria Optimization in Forest Exploitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vladimirovitch Lebedev ◽  
Valery Pavlovitch Anufriev ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovitch Belov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Definition Of

In the article the multi-criteria approach at optimization of environmental management is considered as a part of the scientific basis of sustainable development of territories. The results of research of theory and practice of forest exploitation optimization in the Central Ural are presented. The basic principles of purpose formulation, of general analysis, of justification of optimization criteria and selection of methods of solving the tasks of environmental management (forest exploitation) optimization are revealed. On the basis of these scientific researches the principles of disclosure of uncertainty of optimum decisions in one-criteria tasks of forest exploitation are formulated; the mechanism of optimization by criterion of minimax risk that allows avoiding big losses of the environmental potential of forests is shown. The principles of definition of an optimum variant of forest exploitation according to reasonable concessions to extreme values of criteria of using the resource potential, preservation of environmental functions and a social role of forests are revealed.

SCIENTIFIC PREREQUISITES OF OPTIMIZATION OF LAND RESOURCES

1970 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
V. I. Kiryushin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Use Of Resources

The reasons of the degradation of agricultural land, the innovative tasks of optimizing land use and the prospects for scientific support of agricultural environmental management are considered. The necessity of technological agriculture modernization on the base of the adaptive landscape systems development and high-tech agricultural technologies is justified. Further development of adaptive intensification of agriculture and land use is associated with the design of optimal agricultural landscapes (agricultural landscapes, livestock, water, residential and others) in the system of ecological frameworks of the territory integrated with field infrastructure. As a toolkit for landscape design a structural functional landscape analysis is proposed. The Land use regulation, land relations, land market is aimed to the development of government land policy; introduction of a land use control system; limiting the maximum size of land in the property; prohibition to the acquisition of land by foreign citizens in various forms; a progressive increase of land tax on the increase of land area in property; restoration of state land management; the creation of a State Land Service. As the most important condition for optimizing the use of resources and environmental management in general the need to adjust the economic course, the formation of government land policy based on strategic land use planning and the solution of a number of legal, management, organizational, personnel and educational tasks are considered.

scholarly journals Importance of the geobotanical studying in agriculture (with the example of the Sugaty region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Alibek Ydyrys ◽  
Nurshat Abdolla ◽  
Ainur Seilkhan ◽  
Muratzhan Masimzhan ◽  
Lazzat Karasholakova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Economic Use

This article provides an overview of the literature on the role of geobotanical research in agriculture. In it, the author describes this article, which contains opposing points of view on the problem considered in the importance of geobotanical studies of today’s agricultural systems. The article discusses the problems and ways to solve the economic use of geobotany is the creation of artificial phytocenoses, as well as changing the natural ones by one or another violation of their composition and structure. Agriculture should ensure the maintenance of ecological balance in agrolandscape systems. Compliance with the requirements of environmental management, environmental protection and optimization of management of agricultural landscapes is becoming one of the main conditions for increasing the productive longevity of agricultural ecosystems and the efficiency of agricultural production.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF FORMING A GREEN FRAME IN THE CITY STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
O. A. Kryzhantovska ◽  
◽  
E S. Evstigneeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Green Architecture ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The City

In the last decade, the issue of forming a green framework system during the development and organization of cities, the structure and principles of its formation has been widely discussed. Meanwhile, the concept of a green framework in urban planning and ecology is different, which requires the synthesis and analysis of these concepts in urban ecology. The article is devoted to determining the role of the natural framework in the structure of the modern urban environment, it also highlights key issues related to urban development features of the formation of the green framework in the structure of the city, at the same level with the problems of its organization. This article reflects various approaches to the development of a green framework in an urban environment and the problems in its formation in modern conditions. The role of the green framework as the basis for ecological planning of the territory and optimization of the quality of the urban environment is considered. In the process of analysis, we conclude that the main aspects of compensation in urban areas are the preservation and development of the gardening system, the determination of their size and connectedness, ecological and urban planning functions that provide ecological compensation for the city, as well as the creation of green architecture. The preservation and growth of green spaces in cities is one of the main environmental tasks. The indifferent attitude of citizens to their environment is a serious urgent problem. The article raises the issue of increasing the civic activity of residents of megacities in the field of preserving the green frame of cities. The successful experience in the conservation of natural resources and the development of green public areas is described on the example of 5 European cities. The obtained results can be used by architects for the theory and practice of the formation of green frames in a modern urban environment.

scholarly journals Design principles of dangerous territory slope erosion agricultural landscapes of soil for the development of adaptive-landscape system of agriculture lands on Forest-steppe zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
V.F. Kaminskyі ◽  
L.P. Kolomіets ◽  
I.P. Shevtchenko ◽  
N. I. Shkvyr ◽  
V.M. Povydalo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Landscape System ◽  
Landscape Ecological

On results undertaken studies systematization is carried out and in theory - methodological positions are deep on this basis practical recommendations are offered in relation to basic directions of ecological optimization of the use of earth-resource potential erosive dangerous agrolandscape by working and development of theoretical and applied bases of the adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture, newest systems of land-tenure, aimed at the rational use and protection of agricultural land, differentiated adaptation of technological means to soil-landscape-climatic factors and economic conditions of modern agricultural.The research was aimed at identifying the latest approaches to the organization of modern land use, which will necessitate the development of farming and land use systems on an ecological and landscape basis, given the different levels of intensification and resource provision, which in turn requires the improvement of existing and development of new components and the whole complex of agricultural systems, in particular in the context of climate change, risks of water and wind erosion and desertification.Many years of domestic experience in developing the scientific basis for the organization and management of agricultural land use, taking into account the basic principles of the concept of sustainable development shows that land management design based on landscape-ecological approach to the organization of agricultural land use is quite capable of becoming a link. unified system of theory and practice of organization of ecologically balanced land use at all levels.The principles of designing the organization of the territory of erosively dangerous sloping agrolandscapes for the development of soil protection adaptive-landscape system of agriculture on sloping lands (theoretical and methodological principles of landscape-adaptive land management, methodological approaches to substantiate land management projects on a landscape-ecological basis).

scholarly journals The role of the organic farming system in the development of society

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 10001
Author(s):  
S Kapov ◽  
A Kojukhov ◽  
A Orlyansky ◽  
A Petenev ◽  
P Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Dry Farming

The experience of the development and use of the system of dry farming in the Stavropol Territory is considered, the causes and prerequisites for the emergence of an adaptive-landscape farming system are identified. It is shown that the farming systems of the Stavropol Territory are in constant development, they function in conditions of the joint manifestation of water and wind erosion. As a result of degradation, a third of the arable land of the region is in the zone of erosion processes. The expediency of the development of a universal soil protection system of agriculture, aimed at protecting the soil from water and wind erosion, is substantiated.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF RYAZAN REGION MELIORATION SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
P. N. Vanyushin ◽  
A. V. Kuzin ◽  
А. А. Pavlov ◽  
А. V. Nefedov ◽  
N. А. Ivannikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Operation

The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage systems of the Ryazan region. It is shown that the lack of technical operation of the drainage network led to its failure and failure to perform its functions. Irrigation, in spite of the fact that it gives stability in the years of droughts due to aging and the dismantling of machinery and equipment is not carried out. It is shown that for the reconstruction and / or modernization of irrigation and drainage systems it is necessary on the basis of inventory to determine the environmentally optimal and economically viable systems, their parts and structures that require rehabilitation, reconstruction and / or modernization. The decision to reconstruct may include not only the ameliorative system as a whole, but also some part of it, for example, a canal, pipeline or a separate hydraulic structure, taking into account the justification of economic feasibility. In dry periods, for the Meshcherskaya lowland and areas with peat soils, it is necessary to provide for land-reclamation systems for dual regulation of soil moisture, which reduces the possibility of peat ignition and the spread of fire. It should be borne in mind that the reconstruction of land-reclamation systems has its specific features, which include: socio-economic (increasing the productivity of agricultural land, obtaining additional income, creating modern infrastructure, increasing employment, living conditions, labor, etc.) ; ecological (creation of cultural landscapes, ensuring their ecological sustainability, prevention of land degradation processes, improvement of recreational conditions, elimination of waterlogging, flooding, salinization, erosion, etc.). Reclamation activities are carried out in compliance with the requirements of land, water, forestry legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment, on the subsurface, on the plant world and on the animal world.

The problem of reflection in German philosophy of the XVIII - XIX centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Checal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Self Knowledge

This study focuses on a conceptual representation of the metaphysical and non-classical context of reflection in its subjective dichotomous understanding. The author successively reviews the specifics of reflection, as well as the features of methodology of cognition and self-knowledge in the context of determining the values and priorities of human development and consciousness. The article also includes an overview of the main categories of reflection through a breakdown of theoretical relationships and the most important conceptual discourses. The theoretical significance of the problem of cognition and self-knowledge is determined by the central role of man in society and history. The analysis shows that the methodology of cognition and self-knowledge should be based on the principles of axiological disengagement, a combination of logical and historical aspect, as well as on the coherence of theory and practice.

Productivity and Environmental Role of Forest Shelterbelts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of the Kuban Lowland

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
V.V. Tanyukevich ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tyurin ◽  
D.V. Khmeleva ◽  
A.A. Kvasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Young Growth

Works on protective afforestation are carried out in order to protect agricultural land from degradation processes, as well as to improve the microclimate of land. The research purpose is to study the bioproductivity and environmental role of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest shelterbelts in the conditions of the Kuban lowland. The approved and generally accepted methods of forest valuation, forest land reclamation, botany, and mathematical statistics were applied. Plantings were created according to the standard technology for the steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The area of forest shelterbelts is 62.4 ths ha, including 5 % of the young growth (I state class), 80 % of middle-aged forest plantings (II state class), 10 % of maturing plantings (II state class), 5 % of mature and overmature plantings (III state class). Living ground cover is formed by the following species: Koeleria pyramidata L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca pratensis H., Elytrígia repens L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Phlum pratense L. Aboveground phytomass is 100–300 g/m2; height is 25–32 cm. Plantings are characterized by the quality classes: young growth – I and II; middle-aged and maturing – III; mature and overmature – IV. At the age of natural maturity (70 years), the Robinia trunk reaches the average height of 15.1 m with the average diameter of 22.1 cm. The total stock of wood reaches 18, (ths m3), including (ths m3): young growth – 68 (ths m3); middleaged plantings – 14,871 (ths m3); maturing plantings – 2,187 (ths m3); mature and overmature plantings – 1,314 (ths m3). Aboveground phytomass in young growth is 20.2 t/ha; in mature and overmature plantings it is 391.2 t/ha. In the region it is estimated at 17,070 ths t, including (ths t): young growth – 64; middle-aged plantings – 13,753; maturing plantings – 2,032; mature and overmature plantings – 1,221. The share of stem mass reaches 84.5–80.8 %; woody greenery – 4.2–1.5 %; branches – 11.3–17.7 %. Recalculation coefficients of the stock into aboveground phytomass are the following for: young growth – 0.936; mature and overmature forest shelterbelts – 0.929. Phytosaturation of forest shelterbelts varies within 0.314–2.474 kg/m3. Forest shelterbelts have accumulated 8,534 ths t of carbon, which is estimated at 145.1 mln dollars. The sphere of application of the research results is the Krasnodar Krai forestry, which is recommended to create an additional 60 ths ha of forest shelterbelts, which will provide a normative protective forest cover of arable land of 5 % and annual carbon sequestration up to 3.4 t/ha.

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