COGNITIVE AND EYE-MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES IN INDIRECT NOMINAL GROUPS ENTRENCHMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
M.I. Kiose ◽  
◽  
T.G. Kharlamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
Group Form ◽  
System Of Parameters

The study reveals the reading and construal techniques employed in the process of textual entrenchment of indirect nominal groups. Entrenchment is characterized by the conventionalization of the nominal group form and the repeated referent construal scheme. The research discloses whether any repeated indirect nominal group use contributes to its entrenchment which is assessed in the oculographic experiment. It traces the eye-movement techniques and the reference identification index variations signifying the changes in the cognitive load distribution. To define the construal differences occurring in the first and repeated indirect nominal group use, we apply the system of parameters of focusing and process the parametric analysis of the text fragments. We initially hypothesized that the repeated indirect nominal group use will employ defocusing and repeated focusing schemes, however it also employed new focusing schemes. The changing roles of focusing and defocusing were evaluated oculographically and revealed the techniques of both cognitive load decrease and increase, with fixation duration decrease and stable reading regimes correlating with defocusing / repeated focusing, and identification index decrease and longer fixation duration correlating with new focusing. The results give evidence that textual entrenchment is in most cases accompanied by novel construal, and is constrained not solely by the number of repeated indirect nominal group uses but by its new roles in the text and referent construal.

scholarly journals Eye Movements in Response to Pain-Related Feelings in the Presence of Low and High Cognitive Loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Ramtin Zargari Marandi ◽  
Camilla Ann Fjelsted ◽  
Iris Hrustanovic ◽  
Rikke Dan Olesen ◽  
Parisa Gazerani
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Pupillary Responses ◽  
Movement Characteristics

The affective dimension of pain contributes to pain perception. Cognitive load may influence pain-related feelings. Eye tracking has proven useful for detecting cognitive load effects objectively by using relevant eye movement characteristics. In this study, we investigated whether eye movement characteristics differ in response to pain-related feelings in the presence of low and high cognitive loads. A set of validated, control, and pain-related sounds were applied to provoke pain-related feelings. Twelve healthy young participants (six females) performed a cognitive task at two load levels, once with the control and once with pain-related sounds in a randomized order. During the tasks, eye movements and task performance were recorded. Afterwards, the participants were asked to fill out questionnaires on their pain perception in response to the applied cognitive loads. Our findings indicate that an increased cognitive load was associated with a decreased saccade peak velocity, saccade frequency, and fixation frequency, as well as an increased fixation duration and pupil dilation range. Among the oculometrics, pain-related feelings were reflected only in the pupillary responses to a low cognitive load. The performance and perceived cognitive load decreased and increased, respectively, with the task load level and were not influenced by the pain-related sounds. Pain-related feelings were lower when performing the task compared with when no task was being performed in an independent group of participants. This might be due to the cognitive engagement during the task. This study demonstrated that cognitive processing could moderate the feelings associated with pain perception.

scholarly journals Study on cognitive load of OM interface and eye movement experiment for nuclear power system

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Jingling Zhang ◽  
Daizhong Su ◽  
Yan Zhuang ◽  
Furong QIU
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Power System

scholarly journals Syntactic ambiguity of (complex) nominal groups in technical English

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Mirjana Borucinsky ◽  
Jana Kegalj
Keyword(s):  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Syntactic Ambiguity ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
Marine Engineering

Complex nominal groups are common in technical English (i.e. English for Specific Purposes, ESP) as they allow lexical items to be tightly packed into a clause. This leads to increased lexical density and syntactic ambiguity. In this paper we analyze (complex) nominal groups in technical English, assuming that it is not only the context and extralinguistic knowledge (i.e. shared technical background that the ESP teacher does not necessarily possess) that help solve the syntactic ambiguity, but that the structure of the nominal group, or more precisely the position of modifiers within the group can help disambiguate the meaning. Thus, modifiers standing farthest from the head have the least specifying potential and are followed by those which restrict the meaning of the entire nominal group. In the example steam reciprocating engine (vs.*reciprocating steam engine) the participle reciprocating has a more specific meaning and is thus closer to the head of the nominal group. The results show how the type of modification (linear or non-linear) can help disambiguate complex nominal groups. The main contribution of the paper is to help the ESP teacher, who is not a specialist in the field of (marine) engineering, process, understand and successfully teach complex nominal groups.

scholarly journals Detecting Mind-Wandering from Eye Movement and Oculomotor Data during Learning Video Lecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
DongMin Jang ◽  
IlHo Yang ◽  
SeoungUn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Video Lecture ◽  
Video Lectures

The purpose of this study was to detect mind-wandering experienced by pre-service teachers during a video learning lecture on physics. The lecture was videotaped and consisted of a live lecture in a classroom. The lecture was about Gauss's law on physics. We investigated whether oculomotor data and eye movements could be used as a marker to indicate the learner’s mind-wandering. Each data was collected in a study in which 24 pre-service teachers (16 females and 8 males) reported mind-wandering experience through self-caught method while learning physics video lecture during 30 minutes. A Tobii Pro Spectrum (sampling rate: 300 Hz) was used to capture their eye-gaze during learning Gauss's law through a course video. After watching the video lecture, we interviewed pre-service teachers about their mind-wandering experience. We first used the self-caught method to capture the mind-wandering timing of pre-service teachers while learning from video lectures. We detected more accurate mind-wandering segments by comparing fixation duration and saccade count. We investigated two types of oculomotor data (blink count, pupil size) and nine eye movements (average peak velocity of saccades; maximum peak velocity of saccades; standard deviation of peak velocity of saccades; average amplitude of saccades; maximum amplitude of saccades; total amplitude of saccades; saccade count/s; fixation duration; fixation dispersion). The result was that the blink count could not be used as a marker for mind-wandering during learning video lectures among them (oculomotor data and eye movements), unlike previous literatures. Based on the results of this study, we identified elements that can be used as mind-wandering markers while learning from video lectures that are similar to real classes, among the oculomotor data and eye movement mentioned in previous literatures. Additionally, we found that most participants focused on past thoughts and felt unpleasant after experiencing mind-wandering through interview analysis.

Effect of cognitive load on eye-target synchronization during smooth pursuit eye movement

2011 ◽  
Vol 1398 ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Contreras ◽  
J. Ghajar ◽  
S. Bahar ◽  
M. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement

scholarly journals Contact-Free Cognitive Load Recognition Based on Eye Movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Guoqiang Xie ◽  
Guangyuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Contact Free

The cognitive overload not only affects the physical and mental diseases, but also affects the work efficiency and safety. Hence, the research of measuring cognitive load has been an important part of cognitive load theory. In this paper, we proposed a method to identify the state of cognitive load by using eye movement data in a noncontact manner. We designed a visual experiment to elicit human’s cognitive load as high and low state in two light intense environments and recorded the eye movement data in this whole process. Twelve salient features of the eye movement were selected by using statistic test. Algorithms for processing some features are proposed for increasing the recognition rate. Finally we used the support vector machine (SVM) to classify high and low cognitive load. The experimental results show that the method can achieve 90.25% accuracy in light controlled condition.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Text Presentation Formats on Eye Movement Metrics in Reading

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Sharmin ◽  
Oleg Špakov ◽  
Kari-Jouko Räihä
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Presentation Formats ◽  
Text Presentation

Eye movement data were collected and analyzed from 16 participants while they read text from a computer screen. Several text presentation formats were compared, including sentences as part of a full paragraph, sentences presented one by one, sentences presented in chunks of at most 30 characters at a predefined rate, and line-by-line presentation fitting the width of the computer screen. The goal of the experiment was to study how these different text presentation modes affect eye movement metrics (fixation duration, fixations per minute, regressions, etc.). One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that differences in presentation format have a significant effect on fixation duration, number of fixations per minute, and number of regressions.

scholarly journals Eye movement planning on Single-Sensor-Single-Indicator displays is vulnerable to user anxiety and cognitive load

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Allsop ◽  
Rob Gray ◽  
Heinrich Bülthoff ◽  
Lewis Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Single Indicator ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Indicator Data ◽  
Back Task

In this study, we demonstrate the effects of anxiety and cognitive load on eye movement planning in an instrument flight task adhering to a single-sensor-single-indicator data visualisation design philosophy. The task was performed in neutral and anxiety conditions, while a low or high cognitive load, auditory n-back task was also performed. Cognitive load led to a reduction in the number of transitions between instruments, and impaired task performance. Changes in self-reported anxiety between the neutral and anxiety conditions positively correlated with changes in the randomness of eye movements between instruments, but only when cognitive load was high. Taken together, the results suggest that both cognitive load and anxiety impact gaze behavior, and that these effects should be explored when designing data visualization displays.

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