scholarly journals Verbal reduplication in Mandarin Chinese: An HPSG account

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanru Lu ◽  
Stefan Müller
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Multiple Inheritance ◽  
Syntactic Process ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
Inheritance Hierarchy

The current study presents an HPSG analysis for verbal reduplication in Mandarin Chinese. After discussing its interaction with Aktionsarten and aspect markers, we argue that it is a morphological rather than syntactic process. We put forward a lexical rule for verbal reduplication in Mandarin Chinese and the different forms of reduplication are captured in an inheritance hierarchy. The interaction between verbal reduplication and aspect marking is handled by multiple inheritance. This analysis covers all forms of verbal reduplication in Mandarin Chinese and has none of the shortcomings of the previous analyses.

Research developments in multiple inheritance with exceptions

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Peter W. Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Proof Theory ◽  
Nonmonotonic Logic ◽  
Problem Structure ◽  
Multiple Inheritance ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Inheritance Hierarchy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inheritance Network ◽  
Intuitive Interpretation

AbstractThe inheritance problem can be simply stated: for any instantiation of an inheritance network, say a specific hierarchy Γ, find a conclusion set for Γ. In other words, find out what is logically entailed by Γ. This can be done in two ways: either by defining a deductive or proof theoretic definition to determine what paths are entailed by a network; or by translating the individual links in the network to a more general nonmonotonic logic and using its model and proof theory to generate entailments that correspond to what one would expect from “viewing” the inheritance hierarchy. Two approaches to a solution to the inheritance problem structure this paper. The first is widely known as the “path-based” or “proof theoretic”, and the second, the “Model-based” or “model theoretic”. The two approaches result in both a different interpretation of default links as well as a variation in the entailment strategy for a solution to teh inheritance problem. In either case, the entailments produced need some intuitive interpretation, which can be either credulous or skeptical. The semantics of both skeptical and credulous inheritance reasoners are examined.

scholarly journals A Character-Based Constructional Approach to Chinese Imperfective Aspect Markers 在Zai and 着Zhe

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Liulin ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Aspect Markers

在zai and着zhe are commonly recognized imperfective aspect makers in Mandarin Chinese, though there are noticeable differences between their distributions and functions. By resorting to origins, historical evolutions, and corpus data for the meanings and functions of these two characters, it can be observed that they are both polysemies displaying semantic networks organized around a central sense respectively and the characters 在 and 着 are distinct form and meaning pairings. 在 is a construction indicating presence within a certain range while 着generally denotes ‘reach to’. Related to their basic meanings, 在 and 着 exhibit some constraints respectively when marking imperfective aspect. From this character-based constructional account, 在’s and 着’s qualifications as Chinese imperfective aspect markers are theoretically arguable.

scholarly journals FHJ: A formal model for hierarchical dispatching and overriding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
H Zhang ◽  
BCDS Oliveira ◽  
Marco Servetto
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Multiple Inheritance ◽  
New Model ◽  
Dynamic Type ◽  
Inheritance Hierarchy ◽  
Type Information

© Yanlin Wang, Haoyuan Zhang, Bruno C. d. S. Oliveira, and Marco Servetto. Multiple inheritance is a valuable feature for Object-Oriented Programming. However, it is also tricky to get right, as illustrated by the extensive literature on the topic. A key issue is the ambiguity arising from inheriting multiple parents, which can have conflicting methods. Numerous existing work provides solutions for conflicts which arise from diamond inheritance: i.e. conflicts that arise from implementations sharing a common ancestor. However, most mechanisms are inadequate to deal with unintentional method conflicts: conflicts which arise from two unrelated methods that happen to share the same name and signature. This paper presents a new model called Featherweight Hierarchical Java (FHJ) that deals with unintentional method conflicts. In our new model, which is partly inspired by C++, conflicting methods arising from unrelated methods can coexist in the same class, and hierarchical dispatching supports unambiguous lookups in the presence of such conflicting methods. To avoid ambiguity, hierarchical information is employed in method dispatching, which uses a combination of static and dynamic type information to choose the implementation of a method at run-time. Furthermore, unlike all existing inheritance models, our model supports hierarchical method overriding: that is, methods can be independently overridden along the multiple inheritance hierarchy. We give illustrative examples of our language and features and formalize FHJ as a minimal Featherweight-Java style calculus.

Markedness relation, identity avoidance, and clausal recursion in Mandarin Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-469
Author(s):  
Yu-Ching Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Syntactic Process

Abstract This paper uses optimality theory (OT) to account for the phenomenon of identity occurrence resulting from clausal recursion, which we argue is derived from syntactic embedding and syntactic adjunction. This paper shows that the interaction between faithfulness and economy constraints allows for the optional deletion of functional morphemes that occur repetitively. The syntactic process of deletion is sensitive to the concept of markedness in a few ways. First, the marked, rather than the unmarked, pattern is the trigger for deletion; second, unmarked constructions have priority over marked constructions as the target for deletion. All of these ideas are integrated into the OT model that involves self-conjoined constraints, the mechanism of harmonic alignment, and the competition between faithfulness and economy constraints.

scholarly journals Processing Aspectual Agreement in an Inflexionless Language: An ERP Study of Mandarin Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Yuxin Hao ◽  
Xun Duan ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Aspect Markers

This is a study of the collocation of Chinese verbs with different lexical aspects and aspect markers. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we explored the processing of aspect violation sentences. In the experiment, we combined verbs of various lexical aspect types with the progressive aspect marker zhe, and the combination of the achievement verbs and the progressive aspect marker zhe constituted the sentence’s aspect violation. The participants needed to judge whether a sentence was correct after it was presented. Finally, we observed and analyzed the components of ERPs. The results suggest that when the collocation of aspect markers and lexical aspect is ungrammatical, the N400-like and P600 are elicited on aspect markers, while the late AN is elicited by the word after the aspect marker. P600 and N400-like show that the collocation of Chinese verbs with various lexical aspects and aspect markers involve not only syntactic processing, but also the semantic processing; and the late AN may have been due to the syntax revision and the conclusion at the end of sentences.

scholarly journals Aspect under (and out of) control in Mandarin Chinese

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Thomas Grano
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Aspect Markers

This paper proposes a restructuring analysis of the phenomenon of aspect marking in controlled complements in Mandarin (e.g., wo qing ta [chi-guo fan] ‘I invite him [eat-PRF food]’). This approach explains why only suffixal aspect markers participate in the construction, and explains the effect noted by Xu (1985-1986) and Hu et al. (2001) that such constructions sometimes entail realization of the subordinate event. It furthermore supports the view that aspect markers in controlled complements are (when grammatical at all) interpreted at the matrix level (Huang 1982, 1989; Li 1985, 1990), and hence the view that Mandarin has a finite/nonfinite distinction.

scholarly journals A full-fledged hierarchical lexicon in LFG: the FrameNet approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Przepiórkowski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Multiple Inheritance ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Hierarchical Lexicon ◽  
Inheritance Hierarchy ◽  
Semantic Resources

The aim of this paper is to propose a fully hierarchical organisation of valency information in Lexical Functional Grammar, inspired by recent LFG work on using templates to encode valency. The particular proposal rather closely follows FrameNet's inheritance hierarchy, makes heavy use of templates to encode multiple inheritance, and avoids the problem of multiple inheritance of semantic resources.

scholarly journals FHJ: A formal model for hierarchical dispatching and overriding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
H Zhang ◽  
BCDS Oliveira ◽  
Marco Servetto
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Multiple Inheritance ◽  
New Model ◽  
Dynamic Type ◽  
Inheritance Hierarchy ◽  
Type Information

© Yanlin Wang, Haoyuan Zhang, Bruno C. d. S. Oliveira, and Marco Servetto. Multiple inheritance is a valuable feature for Object-Oriented Programming. However, it is also tricky to get right, as illustrated by the extensive literature on the topic. A key issue is the ambiguity arising from inheriting multiple parents, which can have conflicting methods. Numerous existing work provides solutions for conflicts which arise from diamond inheritance: i.e. conflicts that arise from implementations sharing a common ancestor. However, most mechanisms are inadequate to deal with unintentional method conflicts: conflicts which arise from two unrelated methods that happen to share the same name and signature. This paper presents a new model called Featherweight Hierarchical Java (FHJ) that deals with unintentional method conflicts. In our new model, which is partly inspired by C++, conflicting methods arising from unrelated methods can coexist in the same class, and hierarchical dispatching supports unambiguous lookups in the presence of such conflicting methods. To avoid ambiguity, hierarchical information is employed in method dispatching, which uses a combination of static and dynamic type information to choose the implementation of a method at run-time. Furthermore, unlike all existing inheritance models, our model supports hierarchical method overriding: that is, methods can be independently overridden along the multiple inheritance hierarchy. We give illustrative examples of our language and features and formalize FHJ as a minimal Featherweight-Java style calculus.

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