scholarly journals Production of Interspecific Hybrids between Hydrangea macrophylla and Hydrangea arborescens via Ovary Culture

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1765-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Cai ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Le Luo ◽  
Hui-tang Pan ◽  
Qi-xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Ovary Culture ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Interspecific Breeding

Hydrangea macrophylla is the most popular species in the genus Hydrangea because of its large and brightly colored inflorescences. Since the early 1900s, numerous cultivars with showy flowers have been selected. Although many H. macrophylla cultivars have been developed, cold hardiness is still the major limitation to their outdoor use. Hydrangea arborescens is a small attractive shrub or subshrub native to northeastern parts of the United States, which is valued for its hardiness. Interspecific breeding of H. arborescens and H. macrophylla has been tried, but putative hybrid seedlings either died at an early stage or were not verified. We made successful hybridizations between H. macrophylla ‘Blue Diamond’ and H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’ and used in vitro ovary culture to produce viable plants. Hybrids were intermediate in appearance between parents, but variable in leaves, inflorescences, and flower color. The success of this hybridization was confirmed by six simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers. The maternal chromosome number was 36, and the paternal number was 38. Chromosome counts of hybrids indicated that nearly half of them were aneuploids. Male fertility of progeny was evaluated by fluorescein diacetate staining of pollen. Twelve out of 14 hybrids (85.7%) had male fertility. We documented the first flowering progeny of H. macrophylla and H. arborescens, suggesting an effective beginning to a cold hardiness breeding program.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A WHITE-FLOWERED, COLD-HARDY ALSTROEMERIA

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 491B-491
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kollman ◽  
Mark Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Cold Hardy

Alstroemeria, the Inca lily or lily-of-the-Incas, is becoming a popular garden plant in the United States. In past years, the primary interest in Alstroemeria has been for its cut flowers. However, recent cold-hardy introductions (USDA hardiness zone 5) have expanded the interest of this colorful plant as a garden perennial throughout the U.S. Previously, garden interests were restricted to warmer zones in the southern United States where Alstroemeria could over-winter. This research describes a breeding procedure which has been used with the objective to develop a cold-hardy, white flowered Alstroemeria. The interspecific hybrids were bred with the use of in ovulo embryo rescue. Reciprocal crosses were made between several white-flowered cultivars and the cold hardy Chilean species, Alstroemeria aurea during the summers of 2004 and 2005. Ovaries were collected 10–23 days after hand pollination and their ovules were aseptically excised. Ovules were placed in vitro on 25% Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under dark conditions until germination. Three weeks after germination they were then placed on 100% MS medium, and subcultured every three to four weeks thereafter until they were large enough for rooting. After rooting and acclimation, plants were transferred to the greenhouse. Successful hybrids that were produced in 2004 were evaluated under greenhouse and field trials during 2005. Data on the flower color for each of the hybrids were recorded, as well as certain morphological characteristics that can indicate cold-hardiness. Hybrid plants are being overwintered outside in Ithaca, N.Y. (USDA zone 5), and Riverhead, N.Y. (USDA zone 7), during the next several years for a more accurate assessment of cold-hardiness. Self pollinations and reciprocal crosses with the white-flowered parent were performed on the F1 generation in the summer and fall of 2005 in order to determine segregating characteristics. Few ovules were obtained from F1 generation crosses. Successful F2generation plants are being grown in vitro and will be transferred to the greenhouse where flower color will be noted. Root squashes and pollen staining were completed to determine ploidy levels and assess male sterility of the F1 generation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Viola Cultivars as Bedding Plants and Establishment of the Best-of-Class

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Richard O. Kelly ◽  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Brent K. Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Lemon Yellow ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
White Face ◽  
Dark Blue

Florida is one of the top wholesale producers of bedding plants, and in 2003 was ranked fourth in the United States in annual bedding plant production and fifth in potted pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana) and viola (V. cornuta) production. Evaluation of viola cultivars is vital for continued growth of the industry. We evaluated 66 viola cultivars in replicated class tests at the University of Florida's Gulf Coast Research and Education Center at Bradenton from 2000-04 and determined the best-of-class for use in future trials to compare against new entries in the same class. In this report, we provide objective plant measurements of vegetative and floral characteristics as well as subjective performance ratings. Viola cultivars were grouped into classes based on growth habit (standard vs. creeping), flower color, and flower color pattern, and the best cultivar in each class was determined. Cultivars with an outstanding overall performance rating (combined foliage, flower, arthropod feeding symptom, and disease symptom ratings ≥5.5 out of a 7 high scale) for best-of-class selections were: (standard black class) `Sorbet Black Delight'; (standard cream class) `Velour Cream Splash'; (standard mix class) `Babyface Mixture'; (standard orange with purple, red-violet cap class) `Penny Orange Jump-Up'; [standard purple (dark), blue-violet with dark eye and light cap class] `Angel Violet Blotch'; (standard white class) `Penny White'; [standard white face with purple (dark), red-violet cap class] `Skippy White With Violet Wing'; (standard yellow class) `Jewel Lemon Yellow'; (standard yellow with blotch class) `Babyface Yellow'; [standard yellow/white face with purple (dark), blue-violet cap class] `Penny Classic Jump-Up'. Solitary cultivar entries (without comparison) with outstanding performance were: `Angel Frosted Yellow Blotch', `Angel Violet Duet', `Babyface White', `Eryln Purple Yellow', `Four Seasons Yellow With Pink Wing', `Gem Antique Apricot', `Gem Antique Pink', `Gem Antique Lavender', `Hobbit Bilbo Baggins', `Jewel Deep Blue', `Penny Azure Twilight', `Penny Beaconsfield', `Penny Cream', `Penny Orange', `Penny Orchid Frost', `Penny Purple', `Penny Yellow Jump-Up', `Princess Lavender and Yellow', `Princess Purple and Gold', `Rebel Yellow', `Sorbet Coconut Swirl', `Sorbet Icy Blue', `Sorbet Lemon Swirl', `Sparkler Purple Orange Face', and `Sparkler Purple Wing'. These cultivars would likely perform well in the southern U.S. or areas of the world with similar heat and cold hardiness zones.

scholarly journals (237) Hybridization of Hydrangea arborescens and H. involucrata

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002C-1002
Author(s):  
Keri Jones ◽  
Sandra Reed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Cold Hardy

Hydrangea arborescens L., or smooth hydrangea, is a shrub native to the eastern United States that produces large corymbs of pure white flowers in early summer. Rated as hardy to USDA cold hardiness zone 4, it is one of the most cold-hardy members of the genus. Hydrangea involucrata Sieb. is an Asian species that produces lavender-blue flowers in midsummer. This species, which is not widely cultivated in the United States, is only rated as hardy to zone 6 to 7. The objective of this study was to hybridize H. arborescens and H. involucrata for the purpose of combining cold hardiness and flower color. Reciprocal crosses were made between H. involucrata and H. arborescens during Summer 2003. No seed were obtained when H. involucrata was used as the maternal parent. Approximately 500 seeds were collected from H. arborescen × H. involucrata hybridizations, 36 of which germinated. Several of these seedlings were extremely weak and died at a young age. The remaining eight plants have not flowered and all possess reduced growth rates. Hybridity was verified using RAPD markers and morphological comparisons of hybrids and parents.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Two Seedling Phenotyping Protocols to Assess pH Adaptability in Deciduous Azalea (Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera G. Don)

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Q. Susko ◽  
Timothy A. Rinehart ◽  
James M. Bradeen ◽  
Stan C. Hokanson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Managed Landscapes

Deciduous azaleas are an important element of residential and commercial landscapes in the United States after substantial trait improvements to increase their market appeal. Despite progress in breeding for ornamental characteristics and cold hardiness, intolerance to elevated pH and calcareous soils continues to limit their use in managed landscapes. Therefore, we assessed the utility of in vitro and greenhouse phenotyping approaches to evaluate and select for improved soil pH tolerance to increase the efficiency of breeding for this important trait. The research presented offers an example for implementing image-based phenotyping to expedite cultivar development in woody ornamental crops.

scholarly journals Progress in Prunus Mapping and Application of Molecular Markers to Germplasm Improvement

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance Baird
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Term Selection

Prunus, which includes peach/nectarine, almond, apricot, cherry, and plum, is a large and economically important genus in the family Rosaceae. The size and long generation time of these tree crops have hampered improvement through classical breeding and long-term selection programs. With the advent of DNA-based molecular diagnostics, an exciting era in germplasm improvement has dawned. Efforts are underway, notably in the United States (e.g., California, Michigan, North Carolina, and South Carolina) and the European Community (e.g., England, France, Italy, and Spain), to apply the tools of molecular mapping and marker-assisted selection to this important genus. The objective of these projects is to develop molecular linkage maps of sufficient marker density to tag phenotypic trait loci of agronomic importance. These include traits controlled by single genes (e.g., flower color, compatibility, flesh color, pest resistance), as well as more-complex, quantitative traits (e.g., cold hardiness, tree architecture, sugar content). An immediate outcome of these mapping efforts has been the development of DNA “fingerprints,” allowing for the discrimination of cultivars—both scion and rootstock. The maps will be used by breeders and molecular biologists to monitor gene introgression from wild species into elite lines, for marker-assisted selection of desired trait combinations, and for map-based cloning of specific genes. The molecular markers used in these mapping projects include RFLPs, RAPDs, and microsatellites. Each has their appropriate applications and advantages depending upon the resources at hand and the project's specific goals.

scholarly journals erbB2Overexpression in Uterine Serous Cancer: A Molecular Target for Trastuzumab Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim S. ElSahwi ◽  
Alessandro D. Santin
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Erbb2 Overexpression

Endometrial cancer is the most common female genital tract malignancy in the United States. Type I endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage, and has a good prognosis. Type II is very aggressive, and is responsible for most uterine cancer relapses and deaths. Uterine serous adenocarcinomas (USC) constitute the majority of Type II variants. They have a higher propensity for lymph node and distant metastases. They are frequently aneuploid and associated with p53 mutations. erbB2 overexpression in USC has been described. The incidence, which is higher in African Americans, ranges from 18–80%. erbB2 overexpression was found to be associated with higher stage, chemoresistance, and worse survival. Trastuzumab a humanized mAb was approved by the FDA for treatment of breast cancers that overexpress erbB2 in combination with standard chemotherapy. Evidence of trastuzumab activity in USC has been reported in vitro, as well as in case reports of advanced and recurrent cases. Promising results were obtained in these heavily pretreated patients either with trastuzumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy. This supports the hypothesis that trastuzumab may very well be an attractive and viable treatment option for advanced stage USC tumors that overexpress the erbB2, and is worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Compatibility Studies in Hydrangea

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Abstract Improvement in cold-hardiness is needed in bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla). Potential sources of cold-hardiness for enhancing the usefulness of this popular shrub include panicle hydrangea (H. paniculata), smooth hydrangea (H. arborescens), and oakleaf hydrangea (H. quercifolia). The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of creating hybrids between these three species and H. macrophylla. In addition, self-compatibility of each of the species was evaluated to determine the need for emasculation when making controlled pollinations. Numerous cultivars of the species were utilized in both the self-pollination and interspecific hybridization studies. Number of flowers self-pollinated ranged from 1000 in H. arborescens to 3000 in H. quercifolia. Viable seeds were obtained from all species except H. arborescens. All five of H. quercifolia, 9 of the 18 H. paniculata, and 1 of the 8 H. macrophylla self progeny obtained survived. Emasculation of Hydrangea flowers to be used in controlled pollinations is therefore recommended. Seedlings were obtained from all interspecific crosses in which H. macrophylla was used as the maternal parent. All putative hybrid seedlings died either at the cotyledonary stage or while the first set of true leaves was expanding.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Repurposing N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), a Pharmaceutical Excipient, as a Prototype Novel Anti-inflammatory Agent for the Prevention and/or Treatment of Preterm Birth

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Gorasiya ◽  
Juliet Mushi ◽  
Ryan Pekson ◽  
Sabesan Yoganathan ◽  
Sandra E. Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipient ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Exciting Line ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Background: Preterm birth (PTB), or birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, accounts for the majority of perinatal morbidity and mortality. As of 2016, PTB has an occurrence rate of 9.6% in the United States and accounts for up to 18 percent of births worldwide. Inflammation has been identified as the most common cause of PTB, but effective pharmacotherapy has yet to be developed to prevent inflammation driven PTB. Our group has discovered that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), a readily available solvent commonly used as a pharmaceutical excipient, rescues lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced timed pregnant mice from PTB. Methods: We have used in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches to investigate this compound further. Results: Interestingly, we found that DMA suppresses cytokine secretion by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In ongoing work in this exciting line of investigation, we are currently investigating structural analogs of DMA, some of them novel, to optimize this approach focused on the inflammation associated with PTB. Conclusion: Successful development of pharmacotherapy for the prevention of PTB rests upon the pursuit of multiple strategies to solve this important clinical challenge.

Review on the Clinical Pharmacology of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate for the Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Cui ◽  
Siqi Tu ◽  
Valerie Sia Jie En ◽  
Xiaobei Li ◽  
Xueting Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs

Background: As the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infected people is greatly increasing worldwide, the international medical situation becomes very serious. Potential therapeutic drugs, vaccine and stem cell replacement methods are emerging, so it is urgent to find specific therapeutic drugs and the best treatment regimens. After the publications on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with anti- SARS-COV-2 activity in vitro, a small, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial showed that HCQ treatment was significantly associated with reduced viral load in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, a large prophylaxis study of HCQ sulfate for COVID-19 has been initiated in the United States. HCQ offered a promising efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, but the optimal administration is still being explored. Methods: We used the keyword "hydroxychloroquine" to conduct a literature search in PubMed to collect relevant literature on the mechanism of action of HCQ, its clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, precautions for clinical use and drug interactions to extract and organize information. Results: This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, exposureresponse relationship and precautions and drug interactions of HCQ, and summarizes dosage recommendations for HCQ sulfate. Conclusion: It has been proved that HCQ, which has an established safety profile, is effective against SARS-CoV-2 with sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence. Data from high-quality clinical trials are urgently needed worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document