scholarly journals Compatibility Studies in Hydrangea

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Abstract Improvement in cold-hardiness is needed in bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla). Potential sources of cold-hardiness for enhancing the usefulness of this popular shrub include panicle hydrangea (H. paniculata), smooth hydrangea (H. arborescens), and oakleaf hydrangea (H. quercifolia). The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of creating hybrids between these three species and H. macrophylla. In addition, self-compatibility of each of the species was evaluated to determine the need for emasculation when making controlled pollinations. Numerous cultivars of the species were utilized in both the self-pollination and interspecific hybridization studies. Number of flowers self-pollinated ranged from 1000 in H. arborescens to 3000 in H. quercifolia. Viable seeds were obtained from all species except H. arborescens. All five of H. quercifolia, 9 of the 18 H. paniculata, and 1 of the 8 H. macrophylla self progeny obtained survived. Emasculation of Hydrangea flowers to be used in controlled pollinations is therefore recommended. Seedlings were obtained from all interspecific crosses in which H. macrophylla was used as the maternal parent. All putative hybrid seedlings died either at the cotyledonary stage or while the first set of true leaves was expanding.

scholarly journals Crossability, Cytogenetics, and Reproductive Pathways in Rudbeckia Subgenus Rudbeckia

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene E. Palmer ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Nathan P. Lynch ◽  
Richard E. Bir
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Relative Dna Content

Rudbeckia L. are valuable nursery crops that offer broad adaptability and exceptional ornamental merit. However, there is little information on interspecific and interploid crossability and ploidy levels of specific cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine the ploidy levels and relative DNA contents (genome sizes) of selected species and cultivars, to evaluate self-compatibility and crossability among species and ploidy levels, and to explore reproductive pathways in triploid R. hirta L. with the goal of facilitating future breeding endeavors and development of new hybrids. Reciprocal interspecific crosses were performed between R. hirta cultivars and R. fulgida Ait., R. missouriensis Engelm. ex C.L. Boynton & Beadle, and R. subtomentosa Pursh. as well as reciprocal interploid crosses among four R. hirta cultivars. A combination of relative DNA content analysis and chromosome counts was used to test for hybridity and to determine ploidy levels for selected species, cultivars, and interploid R. hirta F1 hybrids. Of the specific clones tested, R. subtomentosa and R. missouriensis were diploid, R. fuligida varieties were tetraploid, and R. hirta include both diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Mean 1Cx DNA content varied over 320% among species. The interploid R. hirta crosses produced triploids as well as pentaploids and hexaploids. Seedlings from open-pollinated triploid R. hirta appeared, based on diverse phenotypes and DNA contents, to be aneuploids resulting from sexual fertilization, not apomixis. Of the 844 seedlings from interspecific F1 crosses, only one individual, R. subtomentosa ×R. hirta, had a DNA content intermediate between its parents and was confirmed as the only interspecific hybrid. Although most taxa had low self-fertility, seedlings (with genomic sizes similar to their maternal parent) resulted after interspecific crosspollination, indicating that pseudogamy is one reproductive pathway in Rudbeckia species.

scholarly journals Production of Interspecific Hybrids between Hydrangea macrophylla and Hydrangea arborescens via Ovary Culture

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1765-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Cai ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Le Luo ◽  
Hui-tang Pan ◽  
Qi-xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Ovary Culture ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Interspecific Breeding

Hydrangea macrophylla is the most popular species in the genus Hydrangea because of its large and brightly colored inflorescences. Since the early 1900s, numerous cultivars with showy flowers have been selected. Although many H. macrophylla cultivars have been developed, cold hardiness is still the major limitation to their outdoor use. Hydrangea arborescens is a small attractive shrub or subshrub native to northeastern parts of the United States, which is valued for its hardiness. Interspecific breeding of H. arborescens and H. macrophylla has been tried, but putative hybrid seedlings either died at an early stage or were not verified. We made successful hybridizations between H. macrophylla ‘Blue Diamond’ and H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’ and used in vitro ovary culture to produce viable plants. Hybrids were intermediate in appearance between parents, but variable in leaves, inflorescences, and flower color. The success of this hybridization was confirmed by six simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers. The maternal chromosome number was 36, and the paternal number was 38. Chromosome counts of hybrids indicated that nearly half of them were aneuploids. Male fertility of progeny was evaluated by fluorescein diacetate staining of pollen. Twelve out of 14 hybrids (85.7%) had male fertility. We documented the first flowering progeny of H. macrophylla and H. arborescens, suggesting an effective beginning to a cold hardiness breeding program.

CORRELATED RESPONSE IN BROWN SARSON

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Swamy Rao
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Previous History ◽  
The Self ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Direction Opposite ◽  
Brown Sarson

The correlated response with changes in self-compatibility in three varieties of brown sarson subjected to gamma irradiation was examined. Selection for improved seed set in the irradiated populations showed that substantial correlated response can result for a constellation of other characters in which the self-compatible and self-incompatible forms differ. The correlated response was in a direction opposite to that of the previous history of selection.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of Wolbachia incompatibility types

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1746) ◽  
pp. 4473-4480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Duron ◽  
Jennifer Bernard ◽  
Célestine M. Atyame ◽  
Emilie Dumas ◽  
Mylène Weill
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
The Self ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Self Compatibility

In most insects, the endosymbiont Wolbachia induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), an embryonic mortality observed when infected males mate either with uninfected females or with females infected by an incompatible Wolbachia strain. Although the molecular mechanism of CI remains elusive, it is classically viewed as a modification–rescue model, in which a Wolbachia mod function disables the reproductive success of the sperm of infected males, unless eggs are infected and express a compatible resc function. The extent to which the modification–rescue model can predict highly complex CI pattern remains a challenging issue. Here, we show the rapid evolution of the mod–resc system in the Culex pipiens mosquito. We have surveyed four incompatible laboratory isofemale lines over 50 generations and observed in two of them that CI has evolved from complete to partial incompatibility (i.e. the production of a mixture of compatible and incompatible clutches). Emergence of the new CI types depends only on Wolbachia determinants and can be simply explained by the gain of new resc functions. Evolution of CI types in Cx. pipiens thus appears as a gradual process, in which one or several resc functions can coexist in the same individual host in addition to the ones involved in the self-compatibility. Our data identified CI as a very dynamic process. We suggest that ancestral and mutant Wolbachia expressing distinct resc functions can co-infect individual hosts, opening the possibility for the mod functions to evolve subsequently. This gives a first clue towards the understanding of how Wolbachia reached highly complex CI pattern in host populations.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 58. Galinsoga parviflora and G. quadriradiata (= G. ciliata).

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. WARWICK ◽  
R. D. SWEET
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

A summary of biological information is provided on two species of Galinsoga — G. parviflora (small-flowered galinsoga) and G. quadriradiata (hairy galinsoga). Originating in Central America, both species are weeds of disturbed habitats and agricultural areas, occurring in most of the temperate and subtropical regions of the world. In recent years the galinsogas have become troublesome weeds of low-growing vegetable crops in northeastern North America. The two species serve as alternate hosts for many insects, viruses and nematodes which affect crop species. Both species possess several features which predispose them to weediness and contribute to a rapid buildup of populations after an initial infestation. These include lack of seed dormancy, lack of special requirements for germination, rapid seedling development, the ability to flower after a short period of vegetative growth, the production of flowers and fruits throughout the growing season, the production of several generations in a single growing season, self-compatibility and the production of large numbers of viable seeds under a wide range of environmental circumstances.Key words: Galinsoga parviflora, G. quadriradiata, biology

The self-compatibility effect in graded thermoelectric cooler elements

2013 ◽  
Vol 210 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Seifert ◽  
G. Jeffrey Snyder ◽  
Eric S. Toberer ◽  
Christophe Goupil ◽  
Knud Zabrocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compatibility Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooler ◽  
Self Compatibility

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of S-haplotypes in Peach, a Self-compatible Prunus Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Hegedüs ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
József Nyéki ◽  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Andrzej Pedryc
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
The Self ◽  
Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Length Determination

The most commercially grown peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] cultivars do not require cross-pollination for reasonable fruit set; however, self-incompatibility is a well-known feature within the Prunoideae subfamily. Isoelectric focusing and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-ribonucleases; PCR analyses of S-RNase and S-haplotype-specific F-box genes as well as DNA sequencing were carried out to survey the self-(in)compatibility allele pool and to uncover the nature of self-compatibility in peach. From 25 cultivars and hybrids with considerable diversity in phenotype and origin, only two S-haplotypes were detected. Allele identity could be checked by exact length determination of the PCR-amplified fragments and/or partial sequencing of the peach S1-, S2-, and Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. S1-RNases. S-RNases of peach were detected to possess ribonuclease activity, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the S1-RNase was shown, which represents a synonymous substitution and does not change the amino acid present at the position in the protein. A 700-bp fragment of the peach SFB gene was PCR-amplified, which is similar to the fragment size of functional Prunus L. SFBs. All data obtained in this study may support the contribution of genes outside the S-locus to the self-compatible phenotype of peaches.

scholarly journals (237) Hybridization of Hydrangea arborescens and H. involucrata

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002C-1002
Author(s):  
Keri Jones ◽  
Sandra Reed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Cold Hardy

Hydrangea arborescens L., or smooth hydrangea, is a shrub native to the eastern United States that produces large corymbs of pure white flowers in early summer. Rated as hardy to USDA cold hardiness zone 4, it is one of the most cold-hardy members of the genus. Hydrangea involucrata Sieb. is an Asian species that produces lavender-blue flowers in midsummer. This species, which is not widely cultivated in the United States, is only rated as hardy to zone 6 to 7. The objective of this study was to hybridize H. arborescens and H. involucrata for the purpose of combining cold hardiness and flower color. Reciprocal crosses were made between H. involucrata and H. arborescens during Summer 2003. No seed were obtained when H. involucrata was used as the maternal parent. Approximately 500 seeds were collected from H. arborescen × H. involucrata hybridizations, 36 of which germinated. Several of these seedlings were extremely weak and died at a young age. The remaining eight plants have not flowered and all possess reduced growth rates. Hybridity was verified using RAPD markers and morphological comparisons of hybrids and parents.

scholarly journals S6-RNase Is a Marker for Self-compatibility in Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Niska ◽  
Martin Goldway ◽  
Doron Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Amino Acid Similarity ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Selection Of

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), a member of the Rosaceae, carries the RNase-dependent gametophytic self-incompatibility fertilization system. Analysis of S-RNase-allele content in the commercial loquat cultivars Avri, Yehuda, and Akko 1 revealed that each of them contains one different S-RNase allele—S2, S3, and S4, respectively, and one that they all share, S6. Although all four S-alleles were isolated in this work, only S6 was found to be novel. Amino acid similarity between the partial sequence of S6-RNase and other known loquat RNases (S1 to S4) ranged between 62% and 65% with highest similarity (83%) to the S110-allele of European pear (Pyrus communis). Determination of S-RNase-allele content in progeny of ‘Avri’, ‘Yehuda’, and ‘Akko 1’, obtained in an open-pollinated, mixed-cultivar orchard, revealed that all of the progeny derived from self-fertilization contained the S6 haplotype, indicating that a mutation in the S6 locus is responsible for the self-fertilization. However, sequencing of most of the S6-RNase gene (from C1 to C5) did not reveal any mutation and the alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that it has the expected S-RNase primary and tertiary structural organization. Nonetheless, because it is apparent that the S6-RNase allele is linked to the self-compatibility trait, it could serve as a marker for early selection of self-compatible loquat cultivars.

scholarly journals Self-Compatibility Not Associated with Morphological or Genetic Diversity Reduction in Oil-Rewarding Calceolaria Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Maureen Murúa ◽  
Anahí Espíndola ◽  
Fernanda Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Reproductive Assurance ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Study Species

One of the most common evolutionary transitions in angiosperms is the reproductive change from outcrossing to selfing, commonly associated with changes in floral biology and genetic diversity. Here, we aim to test whether self-compatibility leads to a reduction of floral traits and genetic diversity. For this, we experimentally estimate levels of self-compatibility, measure three floral traits and estimate four genetic diversity parameters using nine microsatellites in nine Calceolaria species. Our analysis indicated that four of the study species were self-incompatible. In addition, we found that self-compatible species did not show a reduction in floral traits size, but rather displayed larger corolla and elaiophore areas. Our analyses of genetic diversity identified larger allele number and observed heterozygosity in selfers than in outcrossers, but did not find larger inbreeding in the self-compatible species. Even though our results contradict our expectations, in the case of Calceolaria, their high dependence on only two genera of oil-bees puts the genus in a vulnerable reproductive position, probably facilitating the evolution of reproductive assurance mechanisms in the absence of pollinators. As a result, plants maintain their pollinator attraction traits while evolving the ability to self, possibly in a delayed way.

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