Alteriqipengyuania abyssalis sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Class Alphaproteobacteria Isolated from Sponge, and Emended Description of the Genus Alteriqipengyuania

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, lemon-yellow-colored, and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium designated strain NZ-12BT was isolated in February 2021 from a sponge species (Crateromorpha) collected at the southern Kermadec Ridge, Pacific Ocean, New Zealand. Comparative 16S rRNA gene-based analyses indicated that strain NZ-12BT shared 98.58%, 96.44%, 96.23%, and 94.78% 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Alteriqipengyuania lutimaris S-5T, Qipengyuania pelagi UST081027-248T, Qipengyuania citreus RE35F/1T, and Alteriqipengyuania halimionae CPA5T, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10(Q-10). The polar lipid profile of NZ-12BT was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown polar lipid, three unknown phospholipids, and three unknown glycolipids. The major fatty acids of strain NZ-12BT were C18:1ω12t, C16:0, C17:1ω6c, and C14:02-OH. Carotenoids were present. Genome mining analysis revealed a biosynthetic gene cluster encoding for the terpene biosynthesis. Pairwise ANI and dDDH values of strain NZ-12BT and closely related phylogenetic neighbors were below the threshold values of 95% and 70%, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 65.4 mol% (by genome). Based on data obtained by a polyphasic approach, type strain NZ-12BT (=DSM 112810T = NCCB 100841T) represents a novel species of the genus Alteriqipengyuania, for which the name Alteriqipengyuania abyssalis sp. nov. is proposed.

Analisis Kadar Zat Pewarna Tartrazin pada Minuman Ringan Berkarbonasi Khas Pekalongan dengan Metode High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Tartrazine is a coloring agent which is a mixture of phenolic compounds, polycyclic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclics. Because it dissolves easily in water, tartrazine is commonly used as a coloring agent in beverages. The addition of tartrazine in the drink aims to give it a more attractive color, namely lemon yellow. The purpose of this study was to analyze the tartrazine content in carbonated drinks and to determine whether the tartrazine content in the sample was in accordance with the BPOM Regulation No. 11 of 2019. Qualitative testing using colour reaction with FeSO4. Quantitative testing using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with a mobile phase of acetonitrile, methanol and aquabides with a ratio (65,5 : 23,5 : 11). The data obtained is the AUC value. Data analisys using linear regression. The resul of qualitatif analysis with acolor test using FeSO4 reagent which produces a color until it is cloudy and is present on the surface. While the quanitative analysis using HPLC obtained the average levels in the oranfe sample 1,109 mg/kg and pineapple sample 0,933 mg/kg.Key words: Analysis, levels, tartrazine, dye, HPLC AbstrakTartrazin merupakan zat pewarna campuran dari senyawa fenol, hidrokarbon polisiklik, dan heterosiklik. Pada umumnya tartrazin digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna minuman karena mudah larut dalam air. Penambahan tartrazin dalam minuman bertujuan untuk memberikan warna yang lebih menarik yaitu kuning lemon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kandungan tartrazin dalam minuman berkarbonasi dan untuk mengetahui apakah kadar tartrazin dalam sampel sudah sesuai dengan peraturan BPOM No.11 Tahun 2019. Pengujian secara kualitatif dengan metode uji warna menggunakan FeSO4. Pengujian secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dengan fase gerak asetonitril, metanol, dan aquabides dengan perbandingan (65,5 : 23,5 : 11). Data yang didapat adalah nilai AUC. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier. Hasil dari analisis kualitataif dengan uji warna menggunakan reagen FeSO4 yang menghasilkan warna sampel keruh dan terdapat endapan. Sedangkan pada analisis kuantitif menggunakan HPLC didapatkan rata-rata kadar pada sampel rasa jeruk 1,109 mg/kg dan pada sampel nanas 0,933 mg/kg.Kata kunci : Analisis, kadar, tartrazin, pewarna, HPLC

Analisis Kadar Tartrazin Dalam Hard Candy Di Kecamatan Tirto Kabupaten Pekalongan

Tartrazine is a synthetic dye that produces a lemon yellow color, and is often added to food or drinks. The addition of tartrazine in food and beverages aims to provide color, so it looks more attractive. The purpose of this research was to analyze content of tartrazine and determine concentration of tartrazine in hard candy. The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis was carried out by color reaction using FeSO4 30% reagent solution. Quantitative analysis was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry us a wavelength of 429 nm. The results showed that of the ten positive samples contained tartrazine. The concentration of tartrazine in the samples studied were sample A is 196.65 mg/kg, sample B is 75.57 mg/kg, sample C is 283.50 mg/kg, sample D is 89.83 mg/kg, sample E is 356.24 mg/kg, sample F is 73.80 mg/kg, sample G is 3.27 mg/kg, sample H is 308.98 mg/kg, sample I is 3.94 mg/kg, and sample J is 37.08 mg/kg. So from this research, it is known that concentration of tartrazine in samples of hard candy A, C, E and H are not safe because the levels exceed the maximum limit of the requirements set out in BPOM Regulation No. 11 of 2019.Keywords: Analysis; Concentration; Tartrazine; Dyes; UV-Vis Spectrophotometry AbstrakTartrazin merupakan zat pewarna sintesis yang menghasilkan warna kuning lemon, serta sering ditambahkan dalam makanan ataupun minuman. Penambahan tartrazin dalam makanan dan minuman bertujuan untuk memberikan warna, sehingga terlihat lebih menarik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kandungan tartrazin dan mengetahui kadar tartrazin dalam hard candy. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan reaksi warna menggunakan larutan pereaksi FeSO4 30%. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 429 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ke sepuluh sampel positif mengandung tartrazin. Kadar tartrazin dalam sampel yang diteliti yaitu sampel A sebanyak 196,65 mg/kg, sampel B sebanyak 75,57 mg/kg, sampel C sebanyak 283,50 mg/kg, sampel D sebanyak 89,83 mg/kg, sampel E sebanyak 356,24 mg/kg, sampel F sebanyak 73,80 mg/kg, sampel G sebanyak 3,27 mg/kg, sampel H sebanyak 308,98 mg/kg, sampel I sebanyak 3,94 mg/kg, dan sampel J sebanyak 37,08 mg/kg. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kadar tartrazin pada sampel permen keras A, C, E dan H tidak aman karena kadarnya melebihi batas maksimum dari persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan pada Peraturan BPOM No.11 Tahun 2019.Kata kunci: Analisis; Kadar; Tartrazin; Zat Pewarna; Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

A Study on the Retouching Materials for Oil Paintings - Using Restoration Colors and Acrylic Gouache -

In this study, we compare the properties and estimate the durability of five oil colors that are the most popularly used colors in the conservation of oil paintings. A set of these colors was obtained form four manufacturers each, and their properties were analyzed by conducting deterioration experiments. Subsequently, we observed the colors and performed X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result of colour observation and XRF analysis, it was confirmed that there are the differences according to the pigment types, mixing rations and the manufacturers even for colors having the same product name. The deterioration test indicated differences in the appearance of the colors ; for instance, the color difference was above 12.0 in most of the samples, including restoration color and acrylic gouache. In the case of Lemon Yellow a lot of discoloration and cracking occurred, and difference in gloss was ob served in Viridian of manufacturer C. Most cracks were ob served in the restoration color obtained from manufacturer B and were assumed to be because of the resin used by the manufacturer. Nevertheless, additional research will have to be conducted by controlling variables in order to find out the cause. Through this study, we demonstrated that retouching materials for conservation of oil painting differed in their physical properties according to the color and manufacturer. Therefore a conservator should be mindful during the selection and use of materials for retouching oil paintings.

Comprehensive Review of Tolypocladium and Description of a Novel Lineage from Southwest China

Tolypocladium, a diverse genus of fungicolous fungi belonging to Ophiocordycipitaceae, includes saprotrophic soil inhabitants, plant endophytes and pathogens of insects, nematodes, rotifers, and parasites of truffle-like fungi. Here, we review the research progress achieved for Tolypocladium regarding its taxonomy, species diversity, geographic distribution, host affiliations and ecological diversity. Furthermore, an undescribed taxon from China was established using morphology and multi-gene phylogeny. Tolypocladium inusitaticapitatum is introduced as a new species parasitizing ectomycorrhizal Elaphomyces species. It is diagnosed by its irregularly enlarged fertile heads and lemon, yellow-to-dark-brown, smooth and nearly cylindrical stipe. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU, LSU, ITS, TEF1-α and RPB2 sequence data showed T. inusitaticapitatum to be an independent lineage separated from T. flavonigrum in the clade comprising T. capitatum, T. fractum and T. longisegmentatum. A key for identifying the sexual Tolypocladium species is also provided.

Life-history traits and the first demographic data of Iranian population of the West Asian Lemon-Yellow Tree Frog, Hyla savignyi (Audouin, 1827)

The life-history of an organism consists of its lifetime pattern of growth, development, storage, age, and reproduction. In this study, some life-history traits of Hyla savignyi were studied in populations from different parts of Iran. The microscopic and macroscopic analysis showed that testicular activity in H. savignyi is potentially continuous, reaching its peak level in April. Metamorphosis was completed in approximately 102 days after egg deposition, and body size at metamorphosis was 10 mm. Significant sexual size dimorphism was present in all populations, and a larger female asymptotic body size was observed (43.07 mm for females vs 41.16 mm for males). The adult survival rate (S) and life expectancy (ESP) were the same for both sexes (S = 0.73 and ESP = 4.2 years). Age and body size were positively correlated with each other for both females and males. Maximum longevity was recorded to be six years in both females and males, and ages of sexual maturity were estimated to be two or three years in breeding individuals. The adult sample age ranged from two to six years (mean age of females: 4.40±0.68 years; males: 3.63±0.13 years). Our data confirm the general patterns of body size variation and mean age in anurans and show that females are larger than males and live longer.

Hydroxykenopyrochlore, (□,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F), a New Member of the Pyrochlore Group from Araxá, Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT Hydroxykenopyrochlore, (□,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F), occurs in a weathered Nb-ore from alkaline-carbonatite complexes and pegmatites of the Brazilian shield mined by Compania Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (CBMM), Araxá, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The mineral is a product of alkali metasomatism. It occurs as parts of granular grains up to 0.1 mm in size in association with Ba-bearing hydrokenopyrochlore. Hydroxykenopyrochlore is lemon yellow to yellow in color, non-fluorescent, and brittle. The hardness is 4½ on the Mohs scale. The calculated density is 4.36 g/cm3. It is cubic, Fd–3m, with cell parameters a 10.590(5) Å, V = 1187.6(10) Å3, and Z = 2. The strongest seven lines in the powder XRD pattern [d in Å (I/I0) hkl] are 6.06 (49) 111, 3.18 (27) 311, 3.05 (100) 222, 2.64 (29) 400, 1.870 (56) 440, 1.594 (50) 622, 1.213 (15) 662, and 1.182 (13) 840. The empirical formula derived from electron-microprobe analyses is [□1.117Ce0.532Nd0.035La0.021Pr0.010Sm0.003Y0.002Ba0.101Ca0.030Pb0.004Th0.061U0.007K0.040Na0.036]Σ2(Nb1.368Ti0.325P0.095Fe0.091Al0.082Zr0.039)Σ2[O4.719(OH)1.281]Σ6[(OH)0.846F0.154]. Hydroxykenopyrochlore is a member of the pyrochlore supergroup (class 4.DH.15 of Strunz & Nickel; class 8.2.1. of Dana). It is the vacancy-dominant analogue of hydroxycalciopyrochlore, (Ca,Na,U,□)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH), and the Nb-dominant analogue of hydroxykenomicrolite, (□,Na,Sb3+)2Ta2O6(OH), and of hydroxykenoelsmoreite, (□,Pb)2(W,Fe3+,Al)2(O,OH)6(OH).

The adsorption of lemon yellow dye using cationic cellulose fibers from rice straw as a sustainable biosorbent in aqueous media

A biosorbent was prepared from the cellulose fibers found in rice straw through cationic modification. The effects of the dosage, pH, contact time, and initial concentration of lemon yellow dye were explored. The static adsorption results showed that cationic modification drastically improved the adsorption capacity of straw cellulose fiber. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity value was 137.6 mg/g and the highest removal reached 99%. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was a good fit for the adsorption process, together with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption reaction was spontaneous, and the adsorption process was an exothermic reaction, which was shown by the thermodynamic model. As the adsorption time became longer, the effluent concentration became larger until reaching equilibrium. The time was 420 min. After desorption using a dilute NaOH solution, the maximum adsorption capacity was still 36.1 mg/g and the maximum removal still reached 36.2%. The parameters calculated from the Yoon-Nelson model have a good fit with the experimental data. In short, cationic straw cellulose fiber is an effective and easy to prepare biosorbent. This work offers a new method for dye wastewater purification and solves the effective utilization of rice straw resources.

Water Safety for Human Health: Detection of Pollutants by Blue-Emission Carbon Quantum Dots via Three Modes in Different Polluted Water Bodies

Water quality directly affects human health. It is very important to design a probe that can detect the pollutants in water. In this study, we synthesized one kind of carbon dots (CDs), which could emit strong blue fluorescence. The blue fluorescence could be quenched by 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) ascribed to the energy transfer (ET), could be quenched by lemon yellow (LY) ascribed to inner filter effect (IFE), and could be quenched by HClO ascribed to surface passivation (SP). TNP, LY, and HClO are common contaminants in water. By our experiment, it was proved that the synthesized CDs are a safe and effective fluorescent material and could be used to detect the pollutants (TNP, LY, and HClO) in the actual water sample.

One Step Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and its Potential Application in pH Detection, Food Additives and Free Radical Scavenging

Lemon yellow is a kind of common food additive. Excessive use of food additives and metabolized free radicals in blood may bring potential harm to human health. In this study, we synthesized a kind of green luminescent fluorescent carbon dots by one-step method, which can effectively detect lemon yellow and this kind of material is sensitive to pH. More importantly, this material can effectively remove superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. The synthesis method is simple and some unique functions will make this material have greater potential applications.