Genetic Variability and Control of Nodal Root Angle in Sorghum

AbstractOptimization of root system architecture represents an important goal in wheat breeding. Adopting new field methods for root phenotyping is key to delivering this goal. A novel ‘shovelomics’ method was applied for phenotyping root crown traits to characterize the Savannah x Rialto doubled-haploid (DH) population in two field experiments under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Trait validation was carried out through soil coring on a subset of 14 DH lines and the two parents. We observed that drought reduced grain yield per plant by 21.0%. Under rain-fed conditions, nodal root angle and roots shoot-1 were positively associated with root length density (RLD) at 40-60 cm depth; RLD was also positively correlated with grain yield. Nodal root angle and roots shoot-1 were also positively associated with canopy stay green and grain yield under rain-fed conditions. We conclude that shovelomics is a valuable technique for quantifying genetic variation in nodal root traits in wheat, revealing nodal root angle and root number per shoot provide useful selection criteria in breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance in wheat.HighlightNodal root angle and number shoot-1 measured using ‘shovelomics’ were positively associated with root density at depth and yield under drought in a Savanah x Rialto wheat DH population.

Download Full-text

Genetic variation in seminal and nodal root angle and their association with grain yield of maize under water-stressed field conditions

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-015-2554-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 397 (1-2) ◽

pp. 213-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Liakat Ali ◽

Jon Luetchens ◽

Josiel Nascimento ◽

Timothy M. Shaver ◽

Greg R. Kruger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Root Angle ◽

Nodal Root ◽

Nodal Root Angle ◽

Stressed Field

Download Full-text

QTL for nodal root angle in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) co-locate with QTL for traits associated with drought adaptation

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-011-1690-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 97-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

E. S. Mace ◽

V. Singh ◽

E. J. Van Oosterom ◽

G. L. Hammer ◽

C. H. Hunt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Drought Adaptation ◽

Root Angle ◽

Nodal Root ◽

Nodal Root Angle ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Download Full-text

Genetic control of nodal root angle in sorghum and its implications on water extraction

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2012.04.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Vijaya Singh ◽

Erik J. van Oosterom ◽

David R. Jordan ◽

Graeme L. Hammer

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Root Angle ◽

Nodal Root ◽

Nodal Root Angle

Download Full-text

Functional aspects of genetic variability in the GH genomic region

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe-06-0062 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 193 (1) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F Gloria-Bottini ◽

A Amante ◽

P Lucarelli ◽

P Saccucci ◽

R Martinoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Provocative Test ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

Gh Gene ◽

And Control ◽

Gh Deficit

Because of the small differences among genotypes, it would be difficult in basal conditions to detect the effect of genetic polymorphism in endocrine function, but this could emerge during provocative tests. We have studied four polymorphic sites of the GH gene region (17q24.2), MSPIA, MSPIB, BGLIIA, and BGLIIB. Gene and haplotype distributions in classes of growth retardation have been studied. The outcome of GH diagnostic test in relation to GH region genotypes has been evaluated by the analysis of area under the GH secretory curve. Ninety-eight growth retarded children have been studied. On the basis of provocative GH test these children were classified as total GH deficit (TD), partial GH deficit (PD), and familial short stature (FSS) with no deficit of GH. Sixty-three healthy controls were also considered. An increased frequency of MSPIA*2 allele in PD and TD as compared with FSS children and controls has been observed suggesting that this allele is associated with a decreased GH release. BGLIIA*2 allele appears decreased in PD and TD as compared with FSS and controls, suggesting that this allele is associated with an increased release of GH. Carriers of MSPIA*2 allele show a lower GH release as compared with MSPIA *1/*1 subjects on the provocative test by insulin, while carriers of BGLIIA*2 allele show a higher GH release as compared with BGLIIA *1/*1 subjects on the provocative test by clonidine. The functional aspects of genetic variability within the GH genomic area parallel the genetic differences observed between TD and PD versus FSS and control children.

Download Full-text

The aquatic and littoral forms of the Patagonian frog Atelognathus patagonicus (Batrachylinae): new molecular evidence

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3129.1.5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3129 (1) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LIZA B. MARTINAZZO ◽

NÉSTOR G. BASSO ◽

CARMEN A. ÚBEDA

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Control Region ◽

National Park ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Balanced Polymorphism ◽

And Control

Atelognathus patagonicus is one of the eight species included in the Patagonian genus Atelognathus, an endemic frog occurring in the system of endorheic basaltic lagoons of the Laguna Blanca National Park (PNLB), Neuquén, Argentina. Based on morphological data, Cei & Roig (1968) described two forms of A. patagonicus, which they called “aquatic” and “littoral”. These morphotypes were first suggested to belong to different species, but later, Cei (1972) proposed that both forms represent a balanced polymorphism within A. patagonicus. More recently, an ecomorphological study showed that aquatic and littoral are reversible forms of the same individual (phenotypic plasticity). In this paper we compare the morphotypes of A. patagonicus using nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA (cytochrome b and control region) in order to test the existence of genetic differentiation between the aquatic and littoral forms. In addition, we present data of genetic variability of A. patagonicus from the Laguna Blanca system. We did not detect genetic differentiation between littoral and aquatic morphotypes for both genes studied. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis of phenotypic plasticity. In contrast with the expected results for low vagility organisms, the diversity index observed in A. patagonicus revealed a low genetic variability.

Download Full-text

Genetic variation in irradiated and control populations of Cnemidophorus tigris (sauria, teiidae) from Mercury, Nevada with a discussion of genetic variability in lizards

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00304817 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. C. Gorman ◽

Y. J. Kim ◽

Ch. E. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

Molecular markers contribute to a breeding programme of the extinct-in-the-wild Alagoas Curassow Mitu mitu and confirm the validity of the species

Bird Conservation International ◽

10.1017/s0959270903003101 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 115-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Erwin Tramontini Grau ◽

Sérgio Luiz Pereira ◽

Luís Fábio Silveira ◽

Anita Wajntal

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Breeding Programme ◽

Valid Species ◽

Single Male ◽

Control Region Sequences ◽

In Captivity ◽

In The Wild ◽

And Control

Alagoas Curassow Mitu mitu is considered extinct in the wild, having previously inhabited a small area in north-eastern Brazil that has since been replaced by sugar cane farms. Around 50 birds possessing morphological features of this species are still alive in captivity in Brazil, all being descendants from a breeding programme started in 1979, using offspring from a single male and two females captured from the wild. However, this captive population also includes some hybrids with the congeneric Razor-billed Curassow M. tuberosa and their descendants. Furthermore, the validity of Alagoas Curassow as a species is questionable. We used two molecular markers to study the validity of this taxon as a species, to detect potential hybrids present in the stock, and to estimate genetic variability among the remnant specimens. The analysis of 760 base pairs from mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences revealed that at least three of the 20 birds analysed had sequences identical to those of Razor-billed Curassow. The other 17 birds presented sequences that diverged 2.6% from Razor-billed Curassow. Moreover, a sample from an Alagoas Curassow museum skin collected from the wild in 1951 had cytochrome b sequences identical to those of the 17 birds. These results confirm the Alagoas Curassow as a valid species. DNA fingerprinting profiles of the 20 descendants from the Alagoas Curassow breeding population showed that this group of birds is depauperate in genetic variability. There was an increase in genetic variability of birds born after 1990, attributed to the hybrid mating of Alagoas Curassow with Razor-billed Curassow. We suggest that birds born before 1990 should be handled separately from the others. However, if a decrease in chick harvest among birds of this group is detected due to inbreeding depression or ageing, cross-breeding between this group and the group of birds most closely related to it should be considered in order to enrich the progeny with the Alagoas Curassow genome.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Variability among Irradiated and Control Inbred Maize Lines via Morphological Descriptions and Some Quantitative Features

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/24/3228 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 70-73

Author(s):

Pál Pepó ◽

Zoltán Bódi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Pedigree Data ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Germplasm Preservation ◽

Hybrid Selection ◽

And Control

Knowledge of genetic diversity in breeding material is fundamental for hybrid selection programs and for germplasm preservation as well. Research has been done with nine irradiated (fast neutron) and four non-treated inbred lines. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the degree of genetic variability detected with morphological description (based on CPVO TP/2/2) in these materials, (2) to compare the genetic changes among irradiated and non-irradiated maize inbred lines (based on some quantitative features). The irradiation did not change any of the characteristics clearly in positive or negative way, which can be related to the fact that the effect of induced mutation on genetic structure cannot be controlled. From the irradiated lines we have managed to select plants with earlier ripening times and better phenotypes. We could distinguish 3 main groups by the morphological features; these results match our expectations based on pedigree data. Markers distinguishable on the phenotypic level (e.g. antocyanin colouration, length of tassels) were significant in all lines.

Download Full-text