Genetic variation in seminal and nodal root angle and their association with grain yield of maize under water-stressed field conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 397 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liakat Ali ◽  
Jon Luetchens ◽  
Josiel Nascimento ◽  
Timothy M. Shaver ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle ◽  
Stressed Field

scholarly journals Wheat shovelomics II: Revealing relationships between root crown traits and crop growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaunagh Slack ◽  
Larry M. York ◽  
Yadgar Roghazai ◽  
Jonathan Lynch ◽  
Malcolm Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle ◽  
Crown Traits

AbstractOptimization of root system architecture represents an important goal in wheat breeding. Adopting new field methods for root phenotyping is key to delivering this goal. A novel ‘shovelomics’ method was applied for phenotyping root crown traits to characterize the Savannah x Rialto doubled-haploid (DH) population in two field experiments under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Trait validation was carried out through soil coring on a subset of 14 DH lines and the two parents. We observed that drought reduced grain yield per plant by 21.0%. Under rain-fed conditions, nodal root angle and roots shoot-1 were positively associated with root length density (RLD) at 40-60 cm depth; RLD was also positively correlated with grain yield. Nodal root angle and roots shoot-1 were also positively associated with canopy stay green and grain yield under rain-fed conditions. We conclude that shovelomics is a valuable technique for quantifying genetic variation in nodal root traits in wheat, revealing nodal root angle and root number per shoot provide useful selection criteria in breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance in wheat.HighlightNodal root angle and number shoot-1 measured using ‘shovelomics’ were positively associated with root density at depth and yield under drought in a Savanah x Rialto wheat DH population.

Genetic Variability and Control of Nodal Root Angle in Sorghum

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2011-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom ◽  
David R. Jordan ◽  
Colleen H. Hunt ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nodal Root Angle

scholarly journals Development of a phenotyping platform for high throughput screening of nodal root angle in sorghum

Plant Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh C. Joshi ◽  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Colleen Hunt ◽  
Emma Mace ◽  
Erik van Oosterom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle

scholarly journals QTL for nodal root angle in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) co-locate with QTL for traits associated with drought adaptation

2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mace ◽  
V. Singh ◽  
E. J. Van Oosterom ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
C. H. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Genetic control of nodal root angle in sorghum and its implications on water extraction

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom ◽  
David R. Jordan ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Nodal Root Angle

scholarly journals Stress-induced expression of IPT gene in transgenic wheat reduces grain yield penalty under drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailin Beznec ◽  
Paula Faccio ◽  
Daniel J. Miralles ◽  
Leonor G. Abeledo ◽  
Cecilia Decima Oneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ipt Gene ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Yield Penalty ◽  
Wild Type Control

Abstract Background The heterologous expression of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) under the transcriptional control of the senescence-associated receptor-like kinase (SARK) promoter delayed cellular senescence and, through it, increased drought tolerance in plants. To evaluate the effect of pSARK::IPT expression in bread wheat, six independent transgenic events were obtained through the biolistic method and evaluated transgene expression, phenology, grain yield and physiological biomass components in plants grown under both drought and well-irrigating conditions. Experiments were performed at different levels: (i) pots and (ii) microplots inside a biosafety greenhouse, as well as under (iii) field conditions. Results Two transgenic events, called TR1 and TR4, outperformed the wild-type control under drought conditions. Transgenic plants showed higher yield under both greenhouse and field conditions, which was positively correlated to grain number (given by more spikes and grains per spike) than wild type. Interestingly, this yield advantage of the transgenic events was observed under both drought and well-watered conditions. Conclusions The results obtained allow us to conclude that the SARK promoter-regulated expression of the IPT gene in bread wheat not only reduced the yield penalty produced by water stress but also led to improved productivity under well-watered conditions.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

scholarly journals Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cogliatti ◽  
F. Bongiorno ◽  
H. Dalla Valle ◽  
W J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis ◽  
Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

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