Electrochemical Studies and Characterization of Zn-Mn Coatings deposited in the presence of Novel Organic Additives

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Organic Additives

A Pyridinic Fe-N4 Macrocycle Effectively Models the Active Sites in Fe/N-Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Marshall-Roth ◽  
Nicole J. Libretto ◽  
Alexandra T. Wrobel ◽  
Kevin Anderton ◽  
Nathan D. Ricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Iron Phthalocyanine ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽  
Iron Active Sites

Iron- and nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe-N-C) materials are leading candidates to replace platinum in fuel cells, but their active site structures are poorly understood. A leading postulate is that iron active sites in this class of materials exist in an Fe-N<sub>4</sub> pyridinic ligation environment. Yet, molecular Fe-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) generally feature pyrrolic coordination and pyridinic Fe-N<sub>4</sub> catalysts are, to the best of our knowledge, non-existent. We report the synthesis and characterization of a molecular pyridinic hexaazacyclophane macrocycle, (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe, and compare its spectroscopic, electrochemical, and catalytic properties for oxygen reduction to a prototypical Fe-N-C material, as well as iron phthalocyanine, (Pc)Fe, and iron octaethylporphyrin, (OEP)Fe, prototypical pyrrolic iron macrocycles. N 1s XPS signatures for coordinated N atoms in (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe are positively shifted relative to (Pc)Fe and (OEP)Fe, and overlay with those of Fe-N-C. Likewise, spectroscopic XAS signatures of (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe are distinct from those of both (Pc)Fe and (OEP)Fe, and are remarkably similar to those of Fe-N-C with compressed Fe–N bond lengths of 1.97 Å in (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe that are close to the average 1.94 Å length in Fe-N-C. Electrochemical studies establish that both (Pc)Fe and (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe have relatively high Fe(III/II) potentials at ~0.6 V, ~300 mV positive of (OEP)Fe. The ORR onset potential is found to directly correlate with the Fe(III/II) potential leading to a ~300 mV positive shift in the onset of ORR for (Pc)Fe and (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe relative to (OEP)Fe. Consequently, the ORR onset for (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe and (Pc)Fe is within 150 mV of Fe-N-C. Unlike (OEP)Fe and (Pc)Fe, (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe displays excellent selectivity for 4-electron ORR with <4% maximum H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production, comparable to Fe-N-C materials. The aggregate spectroscopic and electrochemical data establish (phen<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>)Fe as a pyridinic iron macrocycle that effectively models Fe-N-C active sites, thereby providing a rich molecular platform for understanding this important class of catalytic materials.<p><b></b></p>

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Energetic Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady J. Clapsaddle ◽  
Lihua Zhao ◽  
Alex E. Gash ◽  
Joe H. Satcher ◽  
Kenneth J. Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Metal Oxide Silicon

ABSTRACTIn the field of composite energetic materials, properties such as ingredient distribution, particle size, and morphology, affect both sensitivity and performance. Since the reaction kinetics of composite energetic materials are typically controlled by the mass transport rates between reactants, one would anticipate new and potentially exceptional performance from energetic nanocomposites. We have developed a new method of making nanostructured energetic materials, specifically explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, using sol-gel chemistry. A novel sol-gel approach has proven successful in preparing metal oxide/silicon oxide nanocomposites in which the metal oxide is the major component. Two of the metal oxides are tungsten trioxide and iron(III) oxide, both of which are of interest in the field of energetic materials. Furthermore, due to the large availability of organically functionalized silanes, the silicon oxide phase can be used as a unique way of introducing organic additives into the bulk metal oxide materials. As a result, the desired organic functionality is well dispersed throughout the composite material on the nanoscale. By introducing a fuel metal into the metal oxide/silicon oxide matrix, energetic materials based on thermite reactions can be fabricated. The resulting nanoscale distribution of all the ingredients displays energetic properties not seen in its microscale counterparts due to the expected increase of mass transport rates between the reactants. The synthesis and characterization of these metal oxide/silicon oxide nanocomposites and their performance as energetic materials will be discussed.

Characterization of a 7Fe Ferredoxin Isolated from the Marine DenitrifierPseudomonas nauticaStrain 617: Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Macedo ◽  
S. Besson ◽  
C. Moreno ◽  
G. Fauque ◽  
J.J.G. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Studies

Synthesis and characterization of 2,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-diazaanthraquinone — A redox-active ligand designed for the construction of supramolecular grids

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajsapan Jain ◽  
Sharon L Caldwell ◽  
Anika S Louie ◽  
Robin G Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Radical Anion ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Redox Active Ligand ◽  
Active Ligand ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Metallosupramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Reversible Reduction

Double condensation of 2-acetylpyridine with 1,3-diaminobenzene-4,6-dicarboxaldehyde affords 2,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-diazaanthracene, which was subsequently oxidized to the corresponding quinone. Electrochemical studies indicate two reversible reduction processes corresponding to semiquinone and hydroquinonate formation. Electron-withdrawing pyridine groups and the nitrogen atoms make this somewhat more easily reduced than anthraquinone. This compound is redox-active and can be reduced to its radical anion, a potential spin-bearing ligand for the construction of [2 × 2] metallo-grid structures.Key words: quinone, grid, supramolecular, bistridentate, electrochemistry, metallosupramolecular chemistry.

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