scholarly journals PERUMUSAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH TOPENG MALANGAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
SUNDAY NOYA ◽  
KHOIRUL HIDAYAT, ◽  
MELANY .
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Final Formula ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Internal And External Factors

PERUMUSAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KECILMENENGAH TOPENG MALANGANSUNDAY NOYA*, KHOIRUL HIDAYAT, DAN MELANYProgram Studi Teknik Industri, Universitas Ma ChungJalan Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang 65151Surel: [email protected] Malangan adalah salah satu produk budaya yang potensial dikembangkan untuk melestarikanbudaya serta mendatangkan pendapatan bagi masyarakat pelaku usaha di Malang. Penelitian ini bertujuanmengidentifikasi faktor-faktor internal maupun eksternal yang memengaruhi keberadaan IKM TopengMalangan dan merumuskan strategi pengembangannya. Identifikasi permasalahan dan faktor-faktortersebut dilakukan dalam Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang melibatkan pelaku usaha, pemerhati budaya,akademisi, pemerintah daerah dan peneliti. Hasil FGD kemudian dianalisis dan dikembangkan denganmatriks SWOT sehingga menghasilkan rumusan strategi pengembangan IKM Topeng Malangan. Untukmempertajam rumusan strategi ini agar lebih efektif dalam implementasinya, maka dilakukan pula analisismenggunakan matriks IFAS dan EFAS. Hasilnya adalah rumusan akhir strategi pengembangan IKMTopeng Malangan yang lebih berkonsentrasi pada strategi SO (Strength-Opportunities) yakni penggunaankekuatan yang dimiliki IKM Topeng Malangan untuk memanfaatkan peluang secara maksimal.Kata kunci: strategi pengembangan, IKM, topeng malangan, SWOTABSTRACTTopeng Malangan is one of potential cultural products developed to preserve culture and bring revenuefor stakeholder in Malang. This study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting the existence ofsmall medium enterprise (SME) Topeng Malangan and formulate its development strategy. The identificationof problem and factors is done by focus group discussions (FGD) involving businessmen, cultural observer,academician, regional government and researchers. The results of FGD is then analyzed and developedby using SWOT matrix in order to determine formula of SME development strategies. To sharpen thestrategy more effective in implementation, the analysis using IFAS and EFAS matrix is conducted. Theresult is final formula for SME Topeng Malangan development strategy that is more focused on strategySO (Strength - Opportunities); which is the utilization of strength organization of SME Topeng Malanganfor taking advantage of opportunities.Key words: development strategy, SME, topeng malangan, SWOT

scholarly journals KESIMPULAN DALAM PEMERIKSAAN KEPATUHAN YANG BERDIRI SENDIRI

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Catharina Sri Kariningsih ◽  
Nalini Asfaroyani ◽  
Latifah Dewi Tutiana
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Compliance Audit ◽  
Audit Reports

BPK has the mandate to conduct audits over management and accountability of the state finance, with one of the audit types is Special Purpose Audit (PDTT). Based on the results of studies conducted by the Directorate of Research and Development of PDTT (Litbang PDTT) in 2011, PDTT consists of, among others, investigative and compliance audit. Compliance audit intended is a compliance audit performed independently. This study aims to provide information about the conclusions in the compliance audit which performed independently. The methodology used is literature study, audit reports analysis, data and information collection through questionnaires and interviews, as well as focus group discussions with practitioners and academician. Based on the study, it can be inferred that factors affecting the quality of the conclusion is the audit objective, the scope of the examination, criteria, materiality, sample and evidence. This study suggests to use ISSAI 4100 Compliance Audit Guidelines –For Audits Performed separately from the Audit of Financial Statements as a reference for the conclusion format.KEYWORDSCompliance audit, conclusion, ISSAI 4100ABSTRAKBPK memiliki mandat untuk melakukan pemeriksaan atas pengelolaan dan tanggung jawab keuangan negara, diantaranya melalui Pemeriksaan Dengan Tujuan Tertentu (PDTT). Berdasarkan hasil kajian yang dilakukan Direktorat Litbang PDTT pada tahun 2011, pemeriksaan yang termasuk dalam PDTT adalah pemeriksaan investigatif dan kepatuhan. Pemeriksaan kepatuhan yang dimaksudkan adalah pemeriksaan kepatuhan yang berdiri sendiri. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang penarikan kesimpulan dalam pemeriksaankepatuhan yang berdiri sendiri tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur, telaah LHP, pengumpulan data dan informasi melalui kuesioner dan wawancara, serta Focus Group Discussion dengan praktisi dan akademisi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mendukung kualitas penarikan kesimpulan dalam pemeriksaan kepatuhan yang berdiri sendiri adalah tujuan, lingkup atau cakupan pemeriksaan, kriteria, materialitas, sampel dan bukti pemeriksaan. Studi ini mengusulkan bentuk kesimpulan yang mengacu pada ISSAI 4100 Compliance Audit Guidelines–For Audits Performed separately from the Audit of Financial Statements.KATA KUNCIPemeriksaan kepatuhan, kesimpulan, ISSAI 4100

scholarly journals FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI SAYURAN RUMAH TANGGA PADA KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI DI KOTA SAMARINDA DAN BONTANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Afrilia Tri Widyawati ◽  
Muhammad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>FAKTOR – FAKFAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI SAYURAN RUMAH TANGGA PADA KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI DI KOTA SAMARINDA DAN BONTANGTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI SAYURAN RUMAH TANGGA PADA KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI DI KOTA SAMARINDA DAN BONTANG</strong><strong> </strong></p><p>Backyard has a potential to feed the<strong> </strong>family as vegetables cropland or fruit crops. Sustainable Food Reserved Garden Program (SFRG) was designed to increase the potential of backyard to provide sustainable cheap food. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting household’s vegetables consumption in the area of SFRG program. The research was conducted in Samarinda and Bontang City in 2018, involving 60 respondents who have implemented the program. Respondents were divided into three strata according yard size, which are stratum 1 (narrow), stratum 2 (medium) and stratum 3 (extensive). Data was collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and <em>focus group discussions</em> with managers of the program. Afterwards, the data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the variations of plants types tend to be uniform among the three strata such as eggplant, peppers, tomatoes, cabbage, kale, leeks and spinach. In terms of the arrangement, narrow stratum was dominated by “vertikultur”, medium stratum by polybag and extensive stratum by seedbeds.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>:<strong> </strong><em>SFRG, vegetables consumption, backyard, vegetables production</em></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p> </p><p>Optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan sayuran bagi keluarga. Melalui program Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) diharapkan dapat menyediakan pangan murah yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi sayuran rumah tangga di Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Samarinda dan Bontang tahun 2018 melibatkan 60 responden pelaksana program KRPL. Responden dibedakan ke dalam tiga strata berdasarkan luas pekarangan, yaitu strata 1 (sempit), strata 2 (sedang) dan strata 3 (luas). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan <em>Focus Group Discussion</em> melibatkan pengelola program KRPL. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi jenis tanaman cenderung seragam antar strata, dengan tanaman dominan terong, cabai, tomat, sawi, kangkung, bawang daun dan bayam. Penataan tanaman pada strata satu dominan vertikultur, strata dua menggunakan polibag dan strata tiga dengan bedengan.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>:<strong> </strong>KRPL, konsumsi sayuran, pekarangan, produksi sayuran.</p>

scholarly journals Shallot Agribusiness Development Strategy in Purworejo Village, Malang District

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Sri Hindarti ◽  
Lia Rohmatul Maula
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The development of shallots is needed in Malang Regency to reduce imports, which often occur. Therefore this research was conducted with the aim of identifying internal and external factors that influence shallot agribusiness, formulating development strategies, and determining the priority of shallot agribusiness development strategies. The research was determined in Purworejo Village as one of the largest shallot production centers in Malang Regency. The research method was carried out by interview and direct observation of farmers. Data analysis using IFE analysis, EFE, IE (Internal-External) matrix, SWOT matrix, and QSPM analysis. The results showed that the internal factors affecting shallot agribusiness were the skills and experiences of farmers as strengths and information and technology as weaknesses, while the external factors were market demand as an opportunity and distribution monopoly by large entrepreneurs as a threat. An appropriate strategy is an aggressive strategy (S-T), namely by utilizing strength to seize opportunities that exist in the form of local production input development.

Enhancing graduates’ employability through polytechnic–industry collaboration

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110631
Author(s):  
Innocent Otache
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
National Board ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Practical Implications

The unemployability of many Nigerian graduates is somewhat attributable to the existing wide collaboration gap between Nigerian higher education institutions and industry. Against this backdrop, this study explores how Nigerian polytechnics and industry can collaborate to enhance graduates’ employability. Adopting a focus group discussion approach, three focus groups involving 20 people (eight polytechnic lecturers, six National Board for Technical Education officials and six industry executives) participated in the study. Content analysis of the focus group discussions revealed the need to involve industry experts in curriculum development and review to meet today’s job requirements in industry. The need to involve industry experts in teaching certain aspects of the curriculum was also highlighted. The findings further revealed the desirability of exposing students and lecturers to industrial work situations to equip them with workplace skills and experience. Additionally, the study found that a comprehensive collaboration policy framework, funding, commitment, mutual benefits and trust are required to achieve successful polytechnic–industry collaboration. This research demonstrates that effective collaboration between polytechnics and industry will help to improve the employability of graduates. The findings provide policy and practical implications for polytechnics, regulatory bodies, industry and government.

scholarly journals Factors affecting academic self-efficacy and learning experiences of pharmacy students: Insights from a qualitative study in Zambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Aubrey Chichonyi Kalungia ◽  
Micheal Chigunta ◽  
James Sichone ◽  
Bugewa Apampa ◽  
Sarah Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

Background: Factors influencing how pharmacy students learn and experience pharmaceutical education have not been elucidated in Zambia. Aim: To elucidate contextual factors affecting academic self-efficacy and learning experiences among undergraduate pharmacy students at a public university in Zambia. Methods: A qualitative study utilising focus group discussions was conducted at the University of Zambia. Thirty-two undergraduate pharmacy students participated in four focus group discussions. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results: Four themes and eight sub-themes emerged from the data. Notional time management, learning style, and motivation; educational programme-related factors such as course load, the pace of teaching; the learning environment; and assessment practices affected undergraduate pharmacy students’ self-efficacy and learning experiences. Conclusion: Addressing the student-related, educational programme-related, and the learning environment factors identified in this study will contribute to the improvement of undergraduate pharmacy students’ learning experiences. This is premised to improve their educational outcomes and future practice of pharmaceutical care.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM PENDAMPINGAN DESA WISATA DI DESA BEJIJONG KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
M Nilzam Aly ◽  
Bambang Suharto ◽  
Sri Endah Nurhidayati ◽  
Nuruddin Nuruddin ◽  
Ria Triwastuti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Many

Ideally, community empowerment programs in rural areas should not be implemented once in a while. This is very important to maintain the aspect of sustainability and achieve the goals maximally. People in rural areas are the target of empowerment programs considering the many problems that exist there. Statistical data shows that the distribution of the majority of the national poor is in rural areas. One method of reducing poverty is through the development of tourist villages. The purpose of this community service program is to increase the understanding and skills of the community in Bejijong Tourism Village, especially in the field of homestay management and online marketing of citizen handicraft products. The stages in this empowerment program through three methods, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The preparation method was carried out with focus group discussions with residents and field observations. The method of implementation is carried out by the methods of socialization, training and mentoring. Meanwhile, the evaluation method is carried out through discussions with partners. The results of this activity indicate that the understanding and competence of citizens has increased for the better. The results of this activity were measured using a questionnaire (pre-test and post-test) and calculated using a Likert scale.abstrakProgram pemberdayaan masyarakat di wilayah pedesaan idealnya dilaksanakan tidak dengan sekali waktu. Hal ini menjadi sangat penting untuk menjaga aspek keberlanjutan dan mencapai tujuan secara maksimal. Masyarakat di perdesaan menjadi sasaran program pemberdayaan mengingat banyak sekali permasalahan yang ada di sana. Data statistik menunjukkan sebaran penduduk miskin nasional mayoritas berada di wilayah perdesaan. Salah satu metode untuk mengurangi angka kemiskinan adalah melalui pengembangan desa wisata. Tujuan dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat di Desa Wisata Bejijong khususnya dalam bidang pengelolaan homestay dan pemasaran daring produk kerajinan warga. Tahapan dalam program pemberdayaan ini melalui tiga metode yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi.  Metode persiapan dilakukan dengan metode focus group discussion bersama  warga dan observasi lapangan. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan metode sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan. Sedangkan metode evaluasi dilaksanakan dengan metode diskusi dengan mitra. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman dan kompetensi warga  mengalami peningkatan kea rah yang lebih baik. Hasil kegiatan ini diukur dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner (pre tes dan pos tes) dan dihitung dengan skala likert.

scholarly journals Penyempurnaan Hukum Formal Perpajakan Terkait Tata Cara Perpajakan

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Author(s):  
Haula Rosdiana ◽  
Maria R.U.D. Tambunan ◽  
Inayati Hifni
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Taxation System

Dalam mengoptimalkan penerimaan pajak, pemerintah selayaknya mendesain sistem perpajakan yang berpegang prinsip efisiensi dengan tetap memperhatikan aspek keadil-an dan kesederhana. Dalam sistem perpajakan, hukum formal mempunyai peranan penting dalam mengejawantahkan hukum material, karena itu Undang-undang Ketentu-an Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan (KUP) menjadi salah satu kunci keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan pajak. Mengingat strategisnya peran UU KUP, perlu untuk mereview kembali UU KUP yang saat ini berlaku serta perlu dilakukan suatu penyempurnaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif yang terdiri dari studi literatur dan focus group discussion. Penelitian bertujuan memberikan masukan atas KUP yang saat ini masih dalam proses pembahasan dengan menekankan pada aspek kemudahan (ease of administration), keadilan (equity) dan kepastian hukum (law enforcement). Hasil penelitian ini menekan-kan pada hal-hal terkait (i) perlunya meningkatkan basis data perpajakan, (ii) perlunya menjalankan kemudahan administrasi yang berdasarkan ketentuan yang tegas, jelas, dan sederhana, (iii) penegakan hukum yang tegas, (iv) adanya sanksi yang sebanding dengan pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh wajib pajak, dan (v) peningkatan kualitas layanan dan profesionalisme petugas pajak. Kajian ini diharapkan mampu mendorong terwujudnya regulasi perpajakan pro terhadap optimalisasi penerimaan tanpa mencede-rai hak-hak wajib pajak. Proposal for Amendment of Formal Law on Taxation Procedure  In optimizing tax revenue, the government should design a taxation system that adheres to the principle of efficiency, justice and simplicity. In the taxation system, formal law has an important role in manifesting laws, therefore laws and taxation procedures (KUP) are one of the keys to the successful implementation of tax policies. Considering the strategic role of the KUP Law, it is necessary to review the KUP Law which is currently in force and needs to be improved. This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative data collection techniques consisting of literature studies and focus group discussions. The research aims to provide input on KUP which is currently still in the process of discussion by emphasizing aspects of ease (ease of administration), justice (equity) and legal certainty (law enforcement). The results emphasize issues related to (i) the need to increase the taxation database, (ii) the need to carry out administrative facilities based on firm, clear and simple provisions, (iii) strict law enforcement, (iv) comparable sanctions with violations committed by taxpayers and (v) improving the quality of service and professionalism of tax officials. This study is expected to be able to encourage the realization of tax regulations that are pro to the optimization of revenue without harming the rights of taxpayers.

scholarly journals PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND THEIR VIEWS ABOUT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-652
Author(s):  
Hasan Ozgur Kapici ◽  
Genc Osman Ilhan
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Service Science ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Teachers Attitudes

There is not a common attitude in a society for socio-scientific issues (SSI) such as whether to use nuclear power plants for energy production. Within this respect, the aim of the research is to examine pre-service science teachers’ and pre-service social studies teachers’ attitudes toward SSI and to reveal their views about setting up nuclear power plants in their country. The participant of research is 120 pre-service teachers. Firstly, Attitudes toward Socio-scientific Issues Scale (ATSIS) was implemented and then, focus group discussions were done with five students from each department separately so as to understand their views about nuclear power plants. Findings revealed that whereas pre-service teachers are eager to learn more about SSI, they have anxiety about it due to religion, moral and ethical perspectives. In addition, whereas both groups of pre-service teachers have some common views about nuclear power plants, pre-service science teachers do not have more positive views about having nuclear power plants in their country. Key words: attitude towards socio-scientific issues, focus group discussion, pre-service teachers, nuclear energy.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DI PULAU SEBATIK, KABUPATEN NUNUKAN, KALIMANTAN UTARA

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Radiarta ◽  
Erlania Erlania ◽  
Joni Haryadi ◽  
Annisya Rosdiana
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Seaweed Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture Development ◽  
Seaweed Culture

<p>Kebijakan pembangunan kemandirian dalam budidaya perikanan dan membangun kemandirian pulau-pulau kecil merupakan kebijakan program Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam mendukung poros maritim nasional. Pulau Sebatik di Kabupaten Nunukan memiliki potensi sumberdaya pesisir dan laut cukup besar untuk dikembangkan diantaranya potensi pengembangan budidaya laut, terutama budidaya rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi dan langkah-langkah strategis pengembangan budidaya rumput laut di Pulau Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Data dan informasi dikumpulkan melalui media diskusi (Focus Group Discussion/FGD), kunjungan ke lokasi pengembangan budidaya rumput laut, dan data sekunder. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan memberikan opsi-opsi kebijakan pengembangan budidaya rumput laut. Pengembangan budidaya rumput laut di Kabupaten Nunukan cukup berkembang dengan pusat kawasan pengembangannya di Kecamatan Nunukan Selatan. Kappaphycus alvarezii (cottonii) merupakan jenis yang umumnya dibudidayakan dengan metode longline. Dalam tulisan ini, potensi, permasalahan, dan strategi pengembangan budidaya rumput laut yang teridentifikasi di lokasi penelitian dibahas secara komprehensif.</p><p>Policy on aquaculture development in the small and the most outer islands is a strategic program from Ministry of Marine Affair and Fisheries to support national maritime shaft. Sebatik Island in Nunukan Regency has a large potential of coastal and marine resources to be developed include the development of marine aquaculture, especially seaweed culture. This study aimed to evaluate condition and strategic steps in the development of seaweed aquaculture in Sebatik Island, Nunukan Regency North Kalimantan Province. Data and information collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), field visit to seaweed aquaculture areas, and secondary data. Data were analyzed descriptively by presenting policy options for seaweed aquaculture development. Marine aquaculture especillay seaweed culture was well developed in Nunukan Regency, which was mainly concentrated in South Nunukan. Kappaphycus alvarezii (cottonii) is the main species cultivated in this region by using long line method. In this paper, the potential, problems and development strategy of seaweed cultivation were identified and discussed comprehensively.</p>

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