scholarly journals A Fast Protection Scheme for TCSC Compensated Transmission Line Using Wavelet-Alienation-Neural Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuvnesh Rathore ◽  
Amit Gangwar ◽  
Om Prakash Mahela ◽  
baseem khan ◽  
Sanjeevikumar *Padmanaban
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Security Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator ◽  
Frequency Power

This paper proposes a security algorithm based on thewavelet-alienation-neural technique for detecting, classifying, and locating faults on Thyristor-Controlled Series compensator (TCSC) compensated lines. A fault index has been calculated using wavelet transform and alienation coefficients with post-fault current signals measured/ sampled for quarter cycle time at both near and far end buses for fault detection and classification. The location of the fault is predicted using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) after the fault has been diagnosed. Approximate coefficients (quarter cycle time) of both voltage and current signals, from both buses, were provided as input to ANN. Various case studies, such as variations in TCSC position, fault location, sampling frequency, power flow path, incipient angle of fault, TCSC control strategy, fault resistance, and load switching conditions, have verified the robustness of the proposed safety system.

A New Distance Relaying Method with System Load Condition Considered in a Transmission Line

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyung Moon ◽  
Seung Ho Hyun ◽  
Sung J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Loop Analysis ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Location Algorithm ◽  
Distance Relaying ◽  
Feed Effect

This paper presents a novel fault location algorithm for a distance relay of a transmission line. Under the assumption that the source voltages and impedances of both ends are not changed before and after a fault, the fault current and the voltage of the terminal end are estimated including the loading condition. Then, the fault location expression, independent of the fault resistance, is derived using these voltages and currents through a loop analysis, in the manner that the in-feed effect of the terminal end is eliminated. The suggested algorithm is applied to a typical transmission line to show its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Estimating Fault Location Based on Fault Current in 20 kV Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Maulana ◽  
Syarif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Double Line ◽  
Fault Resistance

The growth of the electric power system is currently taking place rapidly, causing an increase in the number and length of line to provide consumer services. In the line, there are often fault caused by lightning, storms, breakdown insulation, and short circuit caused by birds and other objects. Detection and location determination will speed up the repair process and can avoid more severe damage. Most studies refer to the fault location on the transmission line. But lately the determination of fault location in distribution system has begun to become a concern of researchers for the improvement of the quality of electricity services to consumers. This study discusses the determination of fault locations based on fault currents and the types of disturbances using data from the assumed distribution system model. The estimated fault location by ignoring the fault resistance has the largest error obtained 0.74% and estimated fault location by including fault resistance will cause a very large error, but the error can be reduced by changing the algorithm of the fault resistance assumption. The result for to ground fault error has reached 1.238% and double line to ground error has reached 88.167%.Keywords— Fault location, fault current, fault resistance, distribution system

scholarly journals Combined DFT and Fuzzy Based Faulty Phase Selection and Classification in a Series Compensated Transmission Line

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anamika Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Fault Classification ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Phase Selection ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Zero Sequence ◽  
Series Capacitor

The conventional distance protection scheme malfunctions sometimes in case of a fixed series capacitor compensated transmission line due to the change in relaying impedance of the protected line during faulty conditions. In order to mitigate this problem, a combined discrete Fourier transform and fuzzy (CDFTF) based algorithm has been proposed in this paper. This method has been tested on a 400 km, 735 kV series compensated transmission line network and WSCC 3-machine 9-bus system for all fault types using MATLAB/Simulink and PSCAD platforms, respectively. A fixed series capacitor is located at the middle of the protected line. The fundamental components of phase currents, phase voltages, and zero-sequence current are fed as inputs to the proposed scheme. The fault detection, faulty phase selection, and fault classification are achieved within 1/2–1 cycle of power frequency. The proposed CDFTF-based scheme is less complex and is better than other data mining techniques which require huge training and testing time. Test results corroborate the proposed scheme reliability with wide variations in fault location, fault resistance, fault inception angle, evolving faults, compensation level, and heavy load interconnection. The results discussed in this work indicate that the proposed technique is resilient to wide variations in fault and system conditions.

Fault location in the distribution network based on power system status estimation with smart meters data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Dashtdar ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Hosseinimoghadam ◽  
Majid Dashtdar
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bus Networks ◽  
Types Of Faults ◽  
Proper Performance

Abstract Due to the existence of different branches in the electricity distribution network and only available voltage and current information at the beginning of the line and lack of access to the information at the end of the network line, the detection of the faulted section in the distribution network has become more important. Today, smart meters are used to measure the voltage and current of network lines, but due to the limitations of the installation sites, these devices are not possible in all network lines. In this paper, two techniques have been used to identify the faulted section and fault location in the network so that the fault distance at the beginning of the line can be estimated by estimating the current at the end of each network line. Therefore, in this project, by installing smart meters in the main branch of the network and also the information obtained from power flow in the network normal mode, it has been tried to practically estimate the voltage and current at the beginning and end of each distribution network line. In this method, more power flow is used to calculate the voltage drop of the lines and estimate the voltage and current at the end of the network lines so that the faulted part can be identified. Finally, the proposed method is implemented on the IEEE_15, 37 bus networks, the results of which show the proper performance of the proposed method in estimating location and Fault resistance for different types of faults in the distribution network.

Intelligence Scheme for Fault Location in a Combined Overhead Transmission Line & Underground Cable

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Papia Ray ◽  
Sabha Raj Arya ◽  
Debani Prasad Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Hybrid Schemes ◽  
Overhead Transmission Line ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Underground Cable ◽  
Intelligent Technique ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Abstract This paper focuses on comparison of fault position schemes for a long transmission line joint with underground cable. To carry out fault location, two hybrid schemes were implemented. One is the impedance method based on modal transformation (MT) and the other one is the intelligent technique based on artificial neural network (ANN). In this paper one cycle of post fault current and voltage signals were collected initially from the transmission line ends for fault analysis purpose. The first method to analyze the fault position comprises of MT technique in which initially pre-processing of the data is done by Clarke’s Transformation (CT) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). CT decouples the signal and DFT extracts the phasors. Thereafter the fault location is calculated by Power System distributed line modal and MT concept. The second method focuses on estimation of fault distance by ANN with Wavelet Transform (WT) in which WT is used to extract six statistical features in order to pre-process the raw faulted data. These features are then given to ANN for finding fault position. The enactment of the suggested scheme is verified by testing it under different type of fault position, such as variation of fault resistance, inception angle and type. After extensive simulation, it was found that intelligent scheme i.e ANN-WT schemes are capable of locating the fault more accurately and less sensitive to parameter variation than the impedance method i.e MT-CT-DFT.

scholarly journals Distance Protection Scheme For Protection of Long Transmission Line Considering the Effect of Fault Resistance By Using the ANN Approach

2013 ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Anil Vaidya ◽  
Prasad A. Venikar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Distance Protection ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Traditional electromechanical distance relays used for protection of transmission lines are prone to effects of fault resistance. Each fault condition corresponds to a particular pattern. So use of a pattern recognizer can improve the relay performance. This paper presents a new approach, known as artificial neural network (ANN) to overcome the effect of fault resistance on relay mal-operation. This method is based on pattern recognition and classification. The scheme utilizes the magnitudes of resistance and reactance as inputs. Once trained with a large number of patterns corresponding to various conditions, it can classify unknown patterns. It also has the advantage that it can adapt itself with the changing network conditions.

scholarly journals New Protection Scheme in Loop Distribution System with Distributed Generation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun-Chul Seo
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Electromagnetic Transients ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Bidirectional Power Flow

Loop distribution systems are increasingly used for reasons such as increased distributed generation (DG) and increased demand for a reliable and high-quality power supply. Because the loop distribution system involves bidirectional power flow, the method for protection of the radial distribution system cannot be applied. Therefore, a protection method is proposed herein for loop distribution systems. In this study, the existence of DG is also considered. According to the proposed method, the fault point is estimated on the basis of the equivalent circuit of the distribution system. Then, the fault section is determined and separated from the distribution system. The separation of DG is determined depending on whether the frequency and voltage are maintained within the steady state ranges. The proposed method is modelled and verified using the Electromagnetic Transients Program. Simulations according to the fault location are performed and analyzed. The results show that the method accurately determines the fault section so that normal power can be supplied to the healthy sections in the distribution system.

scholarly journals Adaptive quadrilateral distance relaying scheme for fault impedance compensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjaval J. Patel ◽  
Nilesh G. Chothani ◽  
Praghnesh J. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Distance Protection ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Distance Relaying ◽  
Numerical Relay

Abstract Impedance reach of numerical distance relay is severely affected by Fault Resistance (RF), Fault Inception Angle (FIA), Fault Type (FT), Fault Location (FL), Power Flow Angle (PFA) and series compensation in transmission line. This paper presents a novel standalone adaptive distance protection algorithm for detection, classification and location of fault in presence of variable fault resistance. It is based on adaptive slope tracking method to detect and classify the fault in combination with modified Fourier filter algorithm for locating the fault. To realize the effectiveness of the proposed technique, simulations are performed in PSCAD using multiple run facility & validation is carried out in MATLAB® considering wide variation in power system disturbances. Due to adaptive setting of quadrilateral characteristics in accordance with variation in fault impedance, the proposed technique is 100 % accurate for detection & classification of faults with error in fault location estimation to be within 1 %. Moreover, the proposed technique provides significant improvement in response time and estimation of fault location as compared to existing distance relaying algorithms, which are the key attributes of multi-functional numerical relay

scholarly journals A novel complex current ratio-based technique for transmission line protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryanarayana Gangolu ◽  
Saumendra Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Power Swing ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Source Impedance ◽  
In Series ◽  
Transmission Line Protection

Abstract With respect to sensitivity, selectivity and speed of operation, the current differential scheme is a better way to protect transmission lines than overcurrent and distance-based schemes. However, the protection scheme can be severely influenced by the Line Charging Capacitive Current (LCCC) with increased voltage level and Current Transformer (CT) saturation under external close-in faults. This paper presents a new UHV/EHV current-based protection scheme using the ratio of phasor summation of the two-end currents to the local end current, instead of summation of the two-end currents, to discriminate the internal faults. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed protection technique are tested on the 110 kV Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) 9-bus system using PSCAD/MATLAB. The simulation results confirm the reliable operation of the proposed scheme during internal/external faults and its independence from fault location, fault resistance, type of fault, and variations in source impedance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is also verified with faults during power swing and in series compensated lines.

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