Contexts of Cultural Change in Insular California

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne E. Arnold ◽  
Roger H. Colten ◽  
Scott Pletka
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Differentiation ◽  
Animal Resources ◽  
Climatic Disturbances

Archaeological and ethnohistorical researchers in California are reaping the rewards from a wealth of new information about precontact and early historical cultural diversity, technologies, and marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Our recent investigations into the later prehistory of the island groups of southern California have centered on processes of sociopolitical evolution, including the emergence of status differentiation, evidence for intensification of craft production, and associated changes in human uses of animal resources as societies became more complex. We have linked some specific changes in diet, labor organization, and exchange to documented climatic disturbances, suggesting that opportunities created by such disruptions may have accounted in part for the timing of changes, but were not their cause in any mechanistic or simplistic sense. A recent American Antiquity report overlooks the primary results of this research and isolates the environmental data from a broad multidimensional model of cultural change in coastal California. We provide an update on the status of Channel Islands archaeology and identify the fundamental problems with approaches that extract and decontextualize environmental processes from cultural processes by assessing limited faunal data sets.

Belief Movement, Uncertainty Reduction, and Rational Updating*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Augenblick ◽  
Matthew Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Uncertainty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Market Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

Abstract When a Bayesian learns new information and changes her beliefs, she must on average become concomitantly more certain about the state of the world. Consequently, it is rare for a Bayesian to frequently shift beliefs substantially while remaining relatively uncertain, or, conversely, become very confident with relatively little belief movement. We formalize this intuition by developing specific measures of movement and uncertainty reduction given a Bayesian’s changing beliefs over time, showing that these measures are equal in expectation and creating consequent statistical tests for Bayesianess. We then show connections between these two core concepts and four common psychological biases, suggesting that the test might be particularly good at detecting these biases. We provide support for this conclusion by simulating the performance of our test and other martingale tests. Finally, we apply our test to data sets of individual, algorithmic, and market beliefs.

scholarly journals An Environmental GIS-based Variable Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in the City of Recife, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Souza ◽  
Caroline Mota ◽  
Amanda Rosa ◽  
Ciro Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Lucia Candeias
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spatial Regression Analysis ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Given the increasing rates at which cases of people infected by Covid-19 have been evolving to case-fatality rates on a global scale and the context of there being a world-wide socio-economic crisis, decision-making must be undertaken based on prioritizing effective measures to control and combat the disease since there is a lack of effective drugs and as yet no vaccine. Method: This paper explores the determinant factors of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on Recife, Pernambuco-Brazil by performing both local and global spatial regression analysis on two types of environmental data-sets. Data were obtained from ten specific days between late April and early July 2020, comprehending the ascending, peak and descending behaviours of the curve of infections.Results: This study highlights the importance of identifying and mapping clusters of the most affected neighbourhoods and their determinant effects. We have identified that it is increasingly common for there to be a phase in which hotspots of confirmed cases appear in a well-developed and heavily densely-populated neighbourhood of the city of Recife. From there, the disease is carried to areas characterised by having a precarious provision of public services and a low-income population and this quickly creates hotspots of case-fatality rates. The results also help to understand the influence of the age, income, level of education of the population and, additionally, of the extent to which they can access public services, on the behaviour of the virus across neighbourhoods.Conclusion: This study supports government measures against the spread of Covid-19 in heterogeneous cities, evidencing social inequality as a driver for a high incidence of fatal cases of the disease. Understanding the variables which influence the local dynamics of the virus spread becomes vital for identifying the most vulnerable regions for which prevention actions need to be developed.

scholarly journals Increasing the Research Value of Digitized Fossil Museum Specimens via Integrated Stable Isotope Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Moran ◽  
Bruce MacFadden ◽  
Michelle Barboza
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Isotope Data

Over the past several decades, thousands of stable isotope analyses (δ13C, δ18O) published in the peer-reviewed literature have advanced understanding of ecology and evolution of fossil mammals in Deep Time. These analyses typically have come from sampling vouchered museum specimens. However, the individual stable isotope data are typically disconnected from the vouchered specimens, and there likewise is no central repository for this information. This paper describes the status, potential, and value of the integration of stable isotope data in museum fossil collections. A pilot study in the Vertebrate Paleontology collection at the Florida Museum of Natural History has repatriated within Specify more than 1,000 legacy stable isotope data (mined from the literature) with the vouchered specimens by using ancillary non Darwin Core (DwC) data fields. As this database grows, we hope to both: validate previous studies that were done using smaller data sets; and ask new questions of the data that can only be addressed with larger, aggregated data sets. validate previous studies that were done using smaller data sets; and ask new questions of the data that can only be addressed with larger, aggregated data sets. Additionally, we envision that as the community gains a better understanding of the importance of these kinds of ancillary data to add value to vouchered museum specimens, then workflows, data fields, and protocols can be standardized.

scholarly journals Reporting time period matters: quantifying catch rates and exploring recall bias from fisher interviews in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2114-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Aylesworth ◽  
Ting-Chun Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
External Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Reported Data

Catch rates reported by fishers are commonly used to understand the status of a fishery, but the reliability of fisher-reported data is affected by how they recall such information. Recalling catch may be influenced by the choice of reporting time period. Using interview data from fishers in Thailand, we investigated (1) how the time period for which fishers report their catch rates (e.g., per day or month) correlates with annual catch estimates and (2) the potential of recall bias when fishers reported multiple catch rates. We found that the annual catch estimates of fishers who reported on a shorter time period (haul, day) were significantly higher than those reported on a longer time period (month, year). This trend held true when individual fishers reported over multiple time periods, suggesting recall bias. By comparing fisher reports with external data sets, we identified that the mean across all reports was most similar to other data sources, rather than any time period. Our research has strong implications in using fishers’ knowledge for fisheries management.

Recent Progress in Applying Advanced Computation Methods to Radar-Based Wave Measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Loell Vinther ◽  
Torbjørn Eide ◽  
Aurelia Paraschiv ◽  
Dickon Bonvik-Stone
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Current Profiler ◽  
Pulse Doppler ◽  
Calm Weather

Abstract High quality environmental data are critical for any offshore activity relying on data insights to form appropriate planning and risk mitigation routines under challenging weather conditions. Such data are the most significant driver of future footprint reduction in offshore industries, in terms of costs savings, as well as operational safety and efficiency, enabled through ease of data access for all relevant stakeholders. This paper describes recent advancements in methods used by a dual-footprint Pulse-Doppler radar to provide accurate and reliable ocean wave height measurements. Achieved improvements during low wind weather conditions are presented and compared to data collected from other sources such as buoys and acoustic doppler wave and current profiler (ADCP) or legacy. The study is based on comparisons of recently developed algorithms applied to different data sets recorded at various sites, mostly covering calm weather conditions.

Unfinished Business

2018 ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Natalie G. Adams ◽  
James H. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Black Parents ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Student Government ◽  
Informal Curriculum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Different Parts

This concluding chapter summarizes the lessons learned from studying the stories of school desegregation in Mississippi. In organizing the book with separate chapters on black parents, superintendents, principals, and teachers, this study hoped to capture the nuances of how school desegregation was accomplished, fought for, resisted, and doomed in differing ways in different parts of the state. The inclusion of the role of sports, band, the prom, cheerleading, and student government during the school desegregation process is a reminder that educational reformers cannot ignore the importance of the informal curriculum, the hidden curriculum, and the extracurricular of schools. Meanwhile, the chapters on protests and private schools illustrate two primary ways in which people responded to this monumental cultural change that threatened the status quo: they resisted in various ways through conventional methods of protest, and they formed a countermovement that sought to retain the tribalism to which they clung and around which their identities were built.

A Changing Spanish Identity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ness
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Spanish Novel ◽  
Research Questions

“A Changing Spanish Identity” outlines the research questions and data sets discussed in Setting the Table by introducing the notion of early modern Spanish cultural identity and the changes it encountered in the eighteenth century. It explains the author’s use of Don Quixote as a guide through the study and why this quintessential Spanish novel is appropriate for exploring themes of cultural change and identity. The chapter argues that, despite the major role the Spanish Empire played in early modern history, it has been largely underrepresented in studies of the Atlantic world. The majority of the chapter contains a brief introduction to the three sites addressed in the study as well as the methodology used to investigate these sites. The chapter concludes with an outline of subsequent chapters.

Mining Environmental Data in the ADMIRE Project Using New Advanced Methods and Tools

2012 ◽  
pp. 296-308
Author(s):  
Ondrej Habala ◽  
Martin Šeleng ◽  
Viet Tran ◽  
Branislav Šimo ◽  
Ladislav Hluchý
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Prospective Application ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Computer Power

The project Advanced Data Mining and Integration Research for Europe (ADMIRE) is designing new methods and tools for comfortable mining and integration of large, distributed data sets. One of the prospective application domains for such methods and tools is the environmental applications domain, which often uses various data sets from different vendors where data mining is becoming increasingly popular and more computer power becomes available. The authors present a set of experimental environmental scenarios, and the application of ADMIRE technology in these scenarios. The scenarios try to predict meteorological and hydrological phenomena which currently cannot or are not predicted by using data mining of distributed data sets from several providers in Slovakia. The scenarios have been designed by environmental experts and apart from being used as the testing grounds for the ADMIRE technology; results are of particular interest to experts who have designed them.

Climate Change and Its Impact on Terrestrial Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Banwari Dandotiya ◽  
Harendra K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Climatic Disturbances

This chapter provides a general overview of the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem and is meant to set the stage for the specific papers. The discussion in this chapter focuses basically on the effects of climatic disturbances on terrestrial flora and fauna, including increasing global temperature and changing climatic patterns of terrestrial areas of the globe. Basically, climate disturbances derived increasing temperature and greenhouse gases have the ability to induce this phenomenon. Greenhouse gases are emitted by a number of sources in the atmosphere such as urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and population growth, so these contributing factors and its effects on climatic events like temperature rise, change precipitation pattern, extreme weather events, survival and shifting of biodiversity, seasonal disturbances, and effects on glaciers are relatively described in this chapter.

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