scholarly journals THE USING OF GIS TOOLS IN THE STUDY SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE REGIONS OF SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST

Author(s):  
I.A. Zabelina ◽  

This paper presents the results of a comparative spatial analysis of socio-ecological and economic well-being for the Russian regions of the Far East and Siberia. We use a multiplicative model, based on the A. Sen extended function. It include GRP per capita, share of personal incomes in GRP, cost of living index in the region, intra-regional income inequality and the integrated environmental index (it is defined as the arithmetic mean of the environmental indices calculated on the basis of the indicators: share of the negative water, air and soil tests). Calculations revealed that a high level of social welfare obtained on the basis of the four-component multiplicative model (i.e. without taking into account the environmental factor) is observed in the Chukotka Autonomous Area, Magadan and Sakhalin Regions. The inclusion of the environmental component in the comprehensive assessment of the regional development had a significant impact on the level of social well-being. In most of analyzed regions, the ecologically adjusted characteristic was significantly lower than the indicator obtained on the basis of the four-component multiplicative model. The most significant difference is observed in the Primorye Territory (51 %), Jewish Autonomous Region and Omsk Region (25 %), which is significantly higher than the average level for the Russian Federation – 16 %. The analysis results can be used in the development of management decisions in environmental and economic interactions, as well as in the preparation of strategic planning documents

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Irina Zabelina ◽  
◽  
Ksenia Parfenova ◽  

Introduction. At present, the issues of the Far East accelerated economic development remain in the focus of the state attention. Among the key mechanisms of state policy is the formation of advanced development territories (ADT). The article sets the task of studying the impact of the institutional measures taken on the welfare and the population’s life quality in the Far Eastern territories. Particular attention is paid to studying migration processes and analyzing the economic activity of the Far East population. The purpose of the article is to study the effects of implementing mechanisms for accelerated economic growth, as well as assess their impact on the life quality in the Far East regions. Methods. The authors use the following methods: economic and mathematical modeling, computational and analytical methods, comparative and spatial analysis. Scientific novelty of the research. For a comprehensive assessment of the regional well-being, the authors propose to supplement the multiplicative model based on the A. Sen’s extended welfare function with a composite ecological index. It takes into account the ecological conditions of human life, which are an important aspect of well-being. The authors obtain ecologically adjusted indicators of well-being for the eastern regions of the Russian Federation and study their dynamics, as well as the relations with the data on the population’s migration activity during the formation of new institutions of advanced development in the East of the country. Results. The authors find out that most of the Far Eastern territories are still lagging behind the average Russian level in socio-economic development. The results of assessing the level of well-being of regions on the basis of a multiplicative model without taking into account the environmental factor show that the most prosperous areas are raw materials-based territories. It is shown that the role of environmental factors in the life quality in the Far Eastern territories of Russia is very significant - the ecologically adjusted level of well-being is noticeably lower than the indicator that does not take into account this aspect of well-being. The authors reveal that socio-economically disadvantaged regions with difficult natural and climatic living conditions have very high rates of migration outflow. Their coefficients of migration loss reflect the presence of a crisis in economic development, which has been increasing in recent years. An analysis of trends in economic activity shows a relationship between the dynamics of the number of employed and the implementation of ADT projects in the Far Eastern territories. Conclusions. The conclusion is that the measures taken by the state for the advanced economic development of the eastern territories of the country have not yet had a noticeable positive impact on the welfare and life quality in the Far East regions.


Author(s):  
I.A. Zabelina ◽  
◽  
A.A. Faleychik ◽  

Using the most popular measures of inequality and recent statistical data, the authors estimate interregional inequalities in Russia. The specific aim of this study is to identify inequality in well-being indicators, which were calculated using a multiplicative model based on the A. Sen extended function. It includes GRP per capita, share of personal incomes in GRP, cost of living index in the region, intra-regional income inequality and the integrated environmental index (it is defined as the arithmetic mean of the environmental indices calculated on the basis of the indicators: share of the negative water, air and soil tests). Using a multiplicative model, we evaluate the following social welfare indicators for Russian regions: indicator S (without the environmental component E); indicator SE (the environmental component E is defined as average of specific indices that take into account the air and water bodies state); indicator SEs (the environmental component E is defined as average of specific indices that take into account the air, water bodies and soil state). Our calculations have revealed that there is a significant interregional differentiation in the social well-being level. The environmentally adjusted well-being exhibits higher levels of inequality than the indicator that does not take into account the environmental component. The paper shows that from 2008 to 2019 the gaps between Russian regions had in some cases increased.


Author(s):  
D. P. Zorin

Сибирь и Дальний Восток России вот уже более двух десятилетий переживают глубокий демографический и социально-экономический кризис. Естественная убыль и отток населения, безработица, суровые климатические условия, плохо налаженная транспортная сеть, высокие цены на оплату ЖКХ — лишь небольшая часть от всех существующих проблем. Необходимость в их решении стоит остро, так как в совокупности эти два федеральных округа занимают значительную часть территории страны и обеспечение социально-экономической стабильности и роста населения уже являются вопросами национальной безопасности России в целом. В данной статье проводится анализ существующих проблем в сфере развития инфраструктуры, устанавливаются зависимости между инфраструктурными и демографическими показателями в регионах Сибири и Дальнего Востока России.


Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, six nosological forms of infectious diseases have epizootic significance among cattle. The most widespread are leptospirosis, rabies, and isolated cases of pasteurellosis. Natural foci of rabies were formed, confined to the environmental conditions of the neighboring territories of Mongolia and the TRANS-Baikal territory. Epizootic process tends to polyhostal manifestation with the threat of expanding the focus and complicating the epidemic situation in the entire region of Siberia and the Far East. In 2018 169 heads of cattle were identified with a positive reaction to leptospirosis in 13 administrative districts. Preventive immunization of animals with the control of immunity tension in areas with a high risk of introduction of infectious diseases is the basis for maintaining epizootic well-being throughout the region.


POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Elena Kostina ◽  
Nadezhda Orlova ◽  
Anastasia Rubina

The relevance of the regional demographic policy study in the Far East is beyond doubt. This article considers the real demographic situation in Primorsky krai and shows that its territory has seen a steady decline in the population due to natural decrease and migration outflow connected with the low standard and quality of life that in turn reduces the attractiveness of the region and makes it particularly vulnerable to global challenges. Attention is paid to the fact that under the conditions of the Russian Federation subjects' differentiation by geographical location, natural resources potential and level of socio-economic development there is no single approach to the regional demographic policy. Differences in the characteristics of the subjects lead to the necessity of developing demographic programs that would take into account the regional specifics, traditions, characteristics and needs of a particular territory. There are presented the results of the author's study of subjective assessments of the social well-being of young people in Primorsky krai and their migration intentions. The data obtained show that a significant part of young people assess the situation in Primorsky krai as unfavorable for further self-realization; the majority of respondents answered that in other regions/countries it would be easier for them to build a career, start a business, and achieve a high level of material well-being. The directions of the regional demographic policy, which allow attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel in the region, are suggested.


2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Francois P. Retief ◽  
Louise C. Cilliers

Astrology is a pseudo-science based on the assumption that the well-being of humankind, and its health in particular, is influenced in a constant and predictable fashion by the stars and other stellar bodies. Its origins can probably be traced back to Mesopotamia of the 3rd millennium BC and was particularly popular in Graeco-Roman times and the Medieval Era. Astrology in Western countries has always differed from that in the Far East, and while it largely lost its popularity in the West after the Renaissance, it still remains of considerable significance in countries like China and Tibet. Astrology took on a prominent medical component in the Old Babylonian Era (1900-1600 BC) when diseases were first attributed to stellar bodies and associated gods. In the Neo-Babylonian Era (6th century BC) the zodiac came into being: an imaginary belt across the skies (approximately 16o wide) which included the pathways of the sun, moon and planets, as perceived from earth. The zodiac belt was divided into 12 equal parts (“houses” or signs), 6 above the horizon and 6 below. The signs became associated with specific months, illnesses and body parts – later with a number of other objects like planets, minerals (e.g. stones) and elements of haruspiction (soothsaying, mantic, gyromancy). In this way the stellar objects moving through a zodiac “house” became associated with a multitude of happenings on earth, including illness. The macrocosm of the universe became part of the human microcosm, and by studying the stars, planets, moon, etcetera the healer could learn about the incidence, cause, progress and treatment of disease. He could even predict the sex and physiognomy of unborn children. The art of astrology and calculations involved became very complex. The horoscope introduced by the 3rd century BC (probably with Greek input) produced a measure of standardisation: a person’s position within the zodiac would be determined by the date of birth, or date of onset of an illness or other important incident, on which information was needed. Egyptian astrological influence was limited but as from the 5th century BC onwards, Greek (including Hellenistic) input became prominent. In addition to significant contributions to astronomy, Ptolemy made a major contribution to astrology as “science” in his Tetrabiblos. Rational Greek medicine as represented by the Hippocratic Corpus did not include astrology, and although a number of physicians did make use of astrology, it almost certainly played a minor role in total health care. Astrology based on the Babylonian-Greek model also moved to the East, including India where it became integrated with standard medicine. China, in the Far East, developed a unique, extremely complex variety of astrology, which played a major role in daily life, including medicine. During Medieval times in the West, astrology prospered when the original Greek writings (complemented by Arabic and Hebrew contributions) were translated into Latin. In the field of medicine documents falsely attributed to Hippocrates and Galen came into circulation, boosting astrology; in the young universities of Europe it became taught as a science. It was, however, opposed by the theologians who recognised a mantic element of mysticism, and it lost further support when during the Renaissance, the spuriousness of the writings attributed to the medical icons, Hippocrates and Galen, became evident. Today Western standard medicine contains no astrology, but in countries like China and Tibet it remains intricately interwoven with health care. In common language we have a heritage of words with an astrological origin, like “lunatic” (a person who is mentally ill), “ill-starred”, “saturnine” (from Saturn, the malevolent plant) and “disaster” (from dis, bad, and astra, star).


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Grinko

The paper analyzes the transformation of the female rural population position of the Far East in the USSR in 1970 - the first half of 1980 under the influence of a set of factors. The peculiarities of the geographical location of the region, its level of development, acceleration of life processes in rural areas, rapid dissemination of information and other factors had a significant impact on rural women. This influence was controversial and ambiguous. On the one hand, the role of a woman in the family changed, her activity as an employee increased, her well-being, cultural and educational level increased. On the other hand, becoming more independent, the woman aspired to better working and living conditions, career growth, free time increase, but in rural areas it was difficult. Despite the special attention of the state to the Far East and the activities aimed at the development of rural areas, life in the villages did not meet the urban views of local residents. The result of this transformation was a focus on childlessness for a large part of young people and moving to urban areas. Against the background of the village it was perceived as an incomparably better place of residence.


Bibliosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
O. N. Alshevskaya

The article characterizes book distribution of regional publishers evidently for Siberia and the Far East. It states the significant difference in the patterns of book distribution of central and regional publishing houses; identifies key directions of book distribution: book assignment and book trade. University book publishing as the most important player of the regional book market distributes its products without applying book trade to provide the education process. Book assignment is typical for publishers working «under the order». Regional publishers use the traditional book trade in two ways: by creating own book-selling enterprises (chain stores, newsstands; small book-selling objects (stands, trays), Internet shopping), and by using the existing book-selling infrastructure (traditional and Internet book-stores, libraries, fairs). Overall, production marketing is the main problem of regional publishing business, and gaining a prosperous experience of book distribution determines the viability and success of the book business enterprises.


2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3184-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. de Neeling ◽  
Marga van Santen-Verheuvel ◽  
Joke Spaargaren ◽  
Rob J. L. Willems

ABSTRACT Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed a decrease in the percentage of β-lactamase-producing isolates but an increase in intermediately penicillin-resistant strains and strains resistant to a high level of tetracycline. MICs for the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates that emerged increased, and these isolates had mutations in gyrAand parC similar to those observed in the Far East.


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